CN101792838B - High-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace - Google Patents
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- CN101792838B CN101792838B CN2010101015326A CN201010101532A CN101792838B CN 101792838 B CN101792838 B CN 101792838B CN 2010101015326 A CN2010101015326 A CN 2010101015326A CN 201010101532 A CN201010101532 A CN 201010101532A CN 101792838 B CN101792838 B CN 101792838B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace belonging to the technical field of air heating furnaces and comprising a cold air inlet, a furnace grate, columns, grid blocks, a regenerative chamber, a furnace liner, a furnace shell, a combustion chamber, an arc top, a hot air outlet, a flue gas outlet and a high-temperature low-oxygen combustor. The high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace is characterized in that the high-temperature low-oxygen combustor is arranged at the bottom of the air heating furnace and comprises an air gas pre-combustion chamber, two gas inlets, circular tracks, nozzles and two air inlets, and each inlet, circular track and nozzle comprise 1-20 layers. Combustion-supporting air over 800 DEG C is preheated by adopting a high-temperature preheating technology, combustion products are sucked by fractional combustion and high-temperature airflows in the high-temperature low-oxygen combustor, and the oxygen volume density of a reaction area is diluted to realize high-temperature low-oxygen combustion fully different from a traditional combustion process. The invention is suitable for air heating furnaces used for ironmaking with blast furnaces or by smelting reduction in the ironmaking industry and can also be used in the industrial technical field of heating gaseous media over 1000 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hotblast stove technical field, a kind of high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace particularly is provided, be applicable to blast furnace ironmaking and the used hotblast stove of fused reduction iron-smelting in the Iron industry.Also can be used for other need be heated to gaseous medium in the industrial technology field more than 1000 ℃.
Background technology
Adopt existing nearly two one-hundred-year histories of hotblast stove heating air blast in blast furnace iron-making process, initial heating back wind-warm syndrome has only 149 ℃.Along with continuous advancement in technology, the highest wind-warm syndrome has reached 1300 ℃ at present.Improve wind-warm syndrome, can significantly reduce coke ratio, save coke, improve furnace processor, also can make full use of low-calorie blast furnace gas, improve efficiency of energy utilization, reduce coal gas diffusion, save energy, protection environment.
Modern blast furnace generally adopts regenerative hot blast stove heating air blast.Hotblast stove is made up of regenerator and combustion chamber two portions.Work period comprises burning phase and on air.In the burning phase, the high-temperature flue gas heating regenerator lattice brick that utilizes gas-fired to produce makes checker brick deposit heat, changes stove then extremely on air.On air then utilize checker brick that cold wind is heated, deliver to blast furnace by hot air duct again and use.For satisfying continuity and the reliability that blast furnace is produced, 3～4 hotblast stoves of blast furnace one general configuration.
Hotblast stove is divided into three kinds of internal combustion types, external combustion type, top ignition by structural shape.
The Cowper stove development time is longer, and combustion chamber and regenerator be with placing in the cylindrical furnace shell, and a side everywhere.By updating, present modified version Cowper stove has overcome the breakage of traditional Cowper stove vault refractory brick to a certain extent, has fallen brick, partition wall inclination, cracking, short circuit, shortcomings such as checker brick entanglement, obstruction.But fail to tackle the problem at its root, limiting factor is more, and wherein stability of structure is most important, generally is used for 3200m
3Following blast furnace.
Outside combustion stove is developed by Cowper stove, and principle of work is identical with Cowper stove, is that combustion chamber and regenerator are in two respectively independently in the cylindrical housings, and the top of combustion chamber and regenerator links up in a certain way.External combustion type and internal combustion type structure compared more become rationally, help overheavy firing, improve wind-warm syndrome, and shortcoming is a complex structure, and floor space is big, and steel and refractory consumption rate are many, the construction investment height.
The characteristics of top combustion stove are to utilize the vault space of hotblast stove as the combustion chamber, have cancelled sidepiece or outside independent combustion chamber.1978, No. 2 blast furnaces of Shoudu Iron and Steel Co took the lead in having adopted top combustion stove, and this is first large-scale top combustion stove in the world.This hotblast stove has symmetrical configuration, and temperature range distributes rationally, take up an area of little, advantages such as less investment.But traditional top combustion stove is subjected to that the combustion space is less to be influenced, and is easy to cause localized hyperthermia, and it is violent that chamber temperature is changed, and huge thermal stresses can cause damage to vault and furnace lining.
Along with the technical development of Iron industry, improve the important technology feature that wind-warm syndrome has become modern blast furnace.Modern hotblast stove will be realized the high wind-warm syndrome more than 1250 ℃, and the life-span was greater than 30 years, will reduce CO simultaneously
2, pollutent such as NOx discharging, save energy realizes long-service life high-efficiency.
The hotblast stove of existing three kinds of structural shapes is conventional hotblast stove, no matter adopts the burner of which kind of structural shape, and its combustion principle and characteristic there is no essential distinction.Along with the raising of dome temperature, NO
XGeneration will sharply accelerate, cause a series of problems such as furnace shell intergranular stress corrosion, contaminate environment.Therefore the existing conventional hotblast stove generally is controlled at dome temperature below 1420 ℃, thereby has limited the further raising of wind-warm syndrome.Therefore design and develop out the conventional Combustion of Hot Air Furnace process of a kind of change, further improve wind-warm syndrome, reduce CO
2, NO
XThe high-temperature low-oxygen long-service life high-efficiency hotblast stove of discharging has become the certainty that overcomes above-mentioned technological deficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace, changed the combustion processes of traditional hot wind furnace, adopt high temperature air low oxygen combustion technology, can utilize low combustion value furnace gas to act as a fuel to significantly improve wind-warm syndrome, reduce NO significantly
XForm and discharging.
The present invention includes cold air inlet, fire grate and pillar, checker brick, regenerator, furnace lining, furnace shell, combustion chamber, vault, hot-blast outlet, exhanst gas outlet, high-temperature low-oxygen burner; In the hotblast stove bottom high-temperature low-oxygen burner is set, this high-temperature low-oxygen burner is made up of space gas settling chamber, two groups of gas entries, circuit, spout and two groups of gas inlets, circuit, spouts, every group of inlet, circuit and spout comprise 1～20 layer, the space gas settling chamber is a cylindrical space, is built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials to form; High-temperature low-oxygen burner, the combustion air that is preheated to more than 800 ℃ is entrainmented products of combustion by fractional combustion in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner and high temperature gas flow, the diluting reaction district contains the oxysome volume concentrations, realizes and the diverse high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion of traditional combustion process.
Dome shape of the present invention is circular, oval, parabola shaped or stretched wire Linear Space, and combustion-chamber shape is circle, apple shape, ellipse or eyes shape space.
The present invention is provided with two groups of gas entries, circuit, spout and two groups of gas inlets, circuit, spout, and order from top to bottom is: coal gas, air, air, coal gas.Every layer of coal gas, the quantity of air jet is 4～40, horizontal direction, each layer gas port, the horizontal radial medullary ray of air jet and the angle of combustion chamber radial centre lines are-90 °～+ 90 °, can control coal gas so in the horizontal direction, flow direction of air (clockwise/counterclockwise) and tangent line circle size, vertical direction, each layer coal gas, the vertical medullary ray of air jet and the angle of combustion chamber longitudinal center line are-90 °～+ 90 °, with control coal gas, the flow direction of air (up/down), because coal gas, the gas inlet position is to coal gas, the homogeneity influence of air jet distribution of air flow is bigger, so each coal gas, the air jet size, spacing is according to coal gas, the quantity of gas inlet pipe and position are graded profile or symmetrical distribution.
Two groups of gas entries in high-temperature low-oxygen burner, have been arranged, circuit, spout and two groups of gas inlets, circuit, spout, every group of spout can comprise 1～20 layer of spout, the air of the coal gas of first group of gas port ejection and first group of air jet ejection is in bottommost mixing afterfire, forming high-temperature flue gas flows to top, combustion chamber, mix at the burner middle part with the air of second group of air jet ejection, entrainment, formation contains the oxysome volume concentrations and is lower than 15%, the high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere of temperature more than 800 ℃, finish burning for the second time with second group of gas port of topmost afterwards, it is high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion, combustion processes no longer exists the localized hyperthermia's high-nitrogen area that occurs in the traditional combustion process, NO
XGeneration be suppressed.The burned flame volume increases under the hypoxia simultaneously, the high temperature severe radiation black matrix that formation temperature is evenly distributed in whole combustion chamber, and heat transfer efficiency significantly improves, NO in the flue gas
XGrowing amount reduces 30%, also can save 25% fuel consumption, the corresponding CO that reduces
2Discharging.
Research and analyse confirmation by the numerical simulation analog calculation, high temperature low oxygen hot blast furnace has formed uniform temperature field, concentration field, flow field and pressure field in whole combustion chamber.Flame Temperature Distribution is even, is about 20 ℃ in top of combustion chamber horizontal direction temperature head, the NO that generates in the flue gas when 1420 ℃ of dome temperatures
XIt only is 30% of traditional combustion process.High-temperature flue gas enters regenerator lattice brick uniformly, and checker brick are efficiently utilized, and helps improving checker brick thermo-efficiency and prolongs the checker brick life-span.This high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion mode has also avoided the local combustion supporting air concentration too high, produces localized hyperthermia's phenomenon, thereby has effectively reduced NO
XGeneration etc. objectionable impurities.
The ultimate principle of the High Temperature Air Combustion that the present invention adopts is that coal gas is burnt in high-temperature low-oxygen volumetric concentration atmosphere.The present invention comprises two basic fundamental measures: one is to adopt the combustion air preheated in high temperature technology, and combustion air temperature is preheating to more than 800 ℃.Another is to take coal gas fractional combustion and high velocity air to entrainment hotblast stove stove internal combustion product, and the diluting reaction district contains the oxysome volume concentrations, obtains the hypoxic atmosphere that oxygen concn is lower than 15% (volume).Coal gas forms and the diverse thermodynamic condition of traditional combustion process in this high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere, doing to delay to disengage heat energy under the shape burning with low-oxygen gas, no longer has the localized hyperthermia hyperoxia district that occurs in the traditional combustion process.
Hotblast stove high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion mode makes on the one hand that combustion chamber temperature is whole to raise and distribute more evenly, and gas consumption is significantly reduced.Reduce gas consumption and also just mean the corresponding CO that reduced
2The isothermal chamber gas purging.Effectively suppressed thermal NO (NO on the other hand
X) generation.Oxynitride (NO
X) be one of important source of causing topsoil, each industrial enterprise is all managing to reduce NO
XDischarging.NO
XMainly contain heating power type and fuel type, hotblast stove mainly adopts geseous fuel, and wherein nitrogenous compound is few, so fuel type NO
XGenerate few.By heating power type NO
XFormation speed mainly relevant with the peak flame temperature and the concentration of nitrogen, oxygen in the combustion processes, wherein temperature is to influence heating power type NO
XPrincipal element.Under the high-temperature air burning condition,, but there is not the localized hyperthermia district of traditional combustion because medial temperature raises in the hotblast stove; The furnace high-temperature flue gas mixes with the combustion air eddy flow simultaneously, has reduced the concentration of nitrogen, oxygen in the atmosphere; In addition, gas velocity is big, and combustionvelocity is fast, so NO
XEmission concentration reduces significantly.
The invention has the advantages that, compare NO in the flue gas with the traditional hot wind furnace
XGrowing amount reduces 30%, and checker brick upper surface speed, temperature distribution evenness increase substantially, and high-temperature flue gas enters regenerator lattice brick uniformly, the life-span that helps improving the thermo-efficiency of checker brick and prolong checker brick.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic block diagram of high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace, wherein, cold air inlet 1, fire grate and pillar 2, furnace lining 3, furnace shell 4, regenerator and checker brick 5, catenary vault 6, combustion chamber and regenerator partition wall 7, combustion chamber 8, hot-blast outlet 9, high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10, second group of gas port 11, second group of coal gas circuit 12, second group of gas entry 13, second group of air jet 14, second group of air circuit 15, second group of gas inlet 16, first group of air jet 17, first group of air circuit 18, first group of gas inlet 19, first group of gas port 20, first group of coal gas circuit 21, first group of gas entry 22, exhanst gas outlet 23.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view in the A-A cross section among Fig. 1, wherein, and cold air inlet 1, combustion chamber and regenerator partition wall 7, hot-blast outlet 9, second group of gas port 11, second group of coal gas circuit 12, second group of gas entry 13, exhanst gas outlet 23.
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are a kind of embodiment of the present invention.Shown in the structure iron of the embodiment of the invention of Fig. 1, high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace is become for 23 layers with regenerator partition wall 7, combustion chamber 8, hot-blast outlet 9, high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10, exhanst gas outlet by cold air inlet 1, fire grate and pillar 2, furnace lining 3, furnace shell 4, regenerator and checker brick 5, catenary vault 6, combustion chamber.Wherein high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is by the first layer gas port 20, the first layer coal gas circuit 21, the first layer gas entry 22; The first layer air jet 17, the first layer air circuit 18, the first layer gas inlet 19, second layer air jet 14, second layer air circuit 15, second layer gas inlet 16, second layer gas port 11, second layer coal gas circuit 12,13 layers of one-tenth of second layer gas entry.
In this embodiment, the vault construction of high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace is that stretched wire is linear.As shown in Figure 1, high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 of the present invention places the bottom of hotblast stove.Upper space is cylindrical, and hot-blast outlet 9 is located at the bottom of combustion chamber 8.An other side of combustion chamber and regenerator partition wall 7 is a moon shape regenerator 5, regenerator 5 by checker brick build by laying bricks or stones form, checker brick are supported on fire grate and pillar 2 on.
The first layer gas entry 22, second layer gas entry 13 are connected with the gas line of outside respectively, coal gas is introduced the first layer coal gas circuit 21 and second layer coal gas circuit 12, the first layer coal gas circuit 21 are established 10 the first layer gas ports 20 at circumferential direction, second layer coal gas circuit 12 is established 10 second layer gas ports 11 at circumferential direction.Horizontal direction, the angle of the horizontal radial spout medullary ray of the first layer gas port 20 and second layer gas port 11 and the radial centre lines of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 0 °, can control the flow direction (irrotational flow) and the tangent line circle size of coal gas so in the horizontal direction; Vertical direction, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of the first layer gas port 20 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 25 °, the flow direction of control coal gas upwards, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of second layer gas port 11 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is-25 °, and the flow direction of control coal gas is downward.
The first layer gas inlet 19, second layer gas inlet 16 respectively with the air outside pipe connection, air is introduced the first layer air circuit 18 and second layer air circuit 15, the first layer air circuit 18 are established 10 the first layer air jets 17 at circumferential direction, second layer air circuit 15 is established 10 second layer air jets 14 at circumferential direction.Horizontal direction, the angle of the horizontal radial spout medullary ray of the first layer air jet 17 and second layer air jet 14 and the radial centre lines of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 0 °, flow direction (irrotational flow) that so in the horizontal direction can control air and tangent line circle size; Vertical direction, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of the first layer air jet 17 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 0 °, the flow direction of control air is a level, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of second layer air jet 14 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is-25 °, and the flow direction of control air is downward.
The coal gas of the first layer gas port 20 ejections mixes afterfire with the air of the first layer air jet 17 ejections under the condition of eddy flow diffusion, forming high-temperature flue gas flows to the top of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10, air by 14 ejections of second layer air jet is interior after last mobile high-temperature flue gas mixes with combustion chamber 8, its temperature can reach more than 800 ℃, oxygen concn is lower than 15%, form the combustion air of high-temperature low-oxygen, rotational flow makes progress in combustion chamber 8, burn in the atmosphere by coal gas high-temperature low-oxygen in combustion chamber 8 of second layer gas port 11 ejection, combustion processes becomes diffusion controlled reaction, no longer there is the localized hyperthermia's high-nitrogen area that occurs in the traditional combustion process, NO
XGeneration be suppressed, burning and the high-temperature flue gas that forms are rotated down and flow into regenerator 5, and then the heating checker brick, flue gas enters flue through exhanst gas outlet 23 then.
High-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace of the present invention is applicable to metallurgy and field of energy-saving technology, since the high-temp combustion process change combustioncharacteristics of traditional hot wind furnace, make sufficient combustion, Flame Temperature Distribution is even, can significantly improve checker brick thermo-efficiency and work-ing life, can effectively suppress combustion processes NO
XGeneration and discharging, can use low-heat value gas to realize high wind-warm syndrome fully, and can reduce fuel consumption, save energy reduces CO
2Discharging.
High-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace of the present invention has multiple embodiments, only is preferred version by the specific embodiment in the description of drawings, is not to be restriction to protection scope of the present invention.Anyly do not break away from mentality of designing of the present invention, the present invention is done unsubstantiality changes, all still belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace comprises cold air inlet, fire grate and pillar, checker brick, regenerator, furnace lining, furnace shell, combustion chamber, vault, hot-blast outlet, exhanst gas outlet, high-temperature low-oxygen burner; It is characterized in that, in the hotblast stove bottom high-temperature low-oxygen burner is set, this high-temperature low-oxygen burner is made up of space gas settling chamber, two groups of gas entries, circuit, spout and two groups of gas inlets, circuit, spouts, every group of inlet, circuit and spout comprise 1～20 layer, the space gas settling chamber is a cylindrical space, is built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials to form; High-temperature low-oxygen burner, the high temperature combustion air that preheating temperature is reached more than 800 ℃ entrainments products of combustion by fractional combustion in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner and high temperature gas flow, and the diluting reaction district contains the oxysome volume concentrations;
The quantity of every layer of coal gas, air jet is 4～40, horizontal direction, the horizontal radial medullary ray of each layer gas port, air jet and the angle of combustion chamber radial centre lines are-90 °～+ 90 °, control the clockwise or counterclockwise flow direction and the tangent line circle size of coal gas, air so in the horizontal direction; Vertical direction, the vertical medullary ray of each layer coal gas, air jet and the angle of combustion chamber longitudinal center line are-90 °～+ 90 °, with the flow direction up or down of control coal gas, air, each coal gas, air jet size, spacing are graded profile or symmetrical distribution according to the quantity and the position of coal gas, gas inlet pipe;
Two groups of gas ports and two groups of air jets have been arranged in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner, from falling down to be followed successively by: coal gas, air, air, coal gas, every group of spout comprises 1～20 layer of spout, the air of the coal gas of first group of gas port ejection and first group of air jet ejection is in bottommost mixing afterfire, forming high-temperature flue gas flows to top, combustion chamber, mix at the burner middle part with the air of second group of air jet ejection, entrainment, formation contains the oxysome volume concentrations and is lower than 15%, the high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere of temperature more than 800 ℃ is finished burning for the second time with second group of gas port of topmost afterwards.
2. high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, dome shape is circular, oval or parabola shaped, and combustion-chamber shape is circle, apple shape or ellipse.
3. high-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described burning second time is meant high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101015326A CN101792838B (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | High-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101015326A CN101792838B (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | High-temperature low-oxygen internal-combustion-type air heating furnace |
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| CN101792838A CN101792838A (en) | 2010-08-04 |
| CN101792838B true CN101792838B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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| CN111593156A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团工程技术有限公司 | Low-nitrogen combustion process for blast furnace hot blast stove |
| CN114459028A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-10 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Combustor and gas equipment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1065480A1 (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-01-07 | Украинский Государственный Институт По Проектированию Металлургических Заводов | Blast furnace air heater |
| SU1765178A1 (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-09-30 | Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат им.В.И.Ленина | Blast furnace air heater |
| CN2505769Y (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-08-14 | 周晓育 | Indirect heating hot-air furnace |
| CN201311080Y (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-09-16 | 武立波 | Hot-blast stove with secondary air inlet |
-
2010
- 2010-01-26 CN CN2010101015326A patent/CN101792838B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1065480A1 (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-01-07 | Украинский Государственный Институт По Проектированию Металлургических Заводов | Blast furnace air heater |
| SU1765178A1 (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-09-30 | Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат им.В.И.Ленина | Blast furnace air heater |
| CN2505769Y (en) * | 2001-05-08 | 2002-08-14 | 周晓育 | Indirect heating hot-air furnace |
| CN201311080Y (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-09-16 | 武立波 | Hot-blast stove with secondary air inlet |
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