CN101792837B - High-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace belonging to the technical field of air heating furnaces and comprising a cold air inlet, a furnace grate, columns, grid blocks, a regenerative chamber, a furnace liner, a furnace shell, a high-temperature low-oxygen combustor, a combustion chamber, an arc top, a hot air outlet and a flue gas outlet. The high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace is characterized in that the high-temperature low-oxygen combustor is arranged at the upper part of the air heating furnace and comprises two gas inlets, circular tracks, nozzles, two air inlets and hollow gas pre-combustion chambers, each inlet, circular track and nozzle comprise 1-20 layers, combustion-supporting air over 800 DEG C sucks combustion products by fractional combustion and high-temperature airflows in the high-temperature low-oxygen combustor, and the oxygen volume density of a reaction area is diluted to realize high-temperature low-oxygen combustion fully different from a traditional combustion process. The invention is suitable for air heating furnaces used for ironmaking with blast furnaces or by smelting reduction in the ironmaking industry and can also be used in the industrial technical field of heating gaseous media over 1000 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hotblast stove technical field, a kind of high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace particularly is provided, be applicable to blast furnace ironmaking and the used hotblast stove of fused reduction iron-smelting in the Iron industry.Also can be used for other need be heated to gaseous medium in the industrial technology field more than 1000 ℃.
Background technology
Adopt existing nearly two one-hundred-year histories of hotblast stove heating air blast in blast furnace iron-making process, initial heating back wind-warm syndrome has only 149 ℃.Along with continuous advancement in technology, the highest wind-warm syndrome has reached 1300 ℃ at present.Improve wind-warm syndrome, can significantly reduce coke ratio, save coke, improve furnace processor, also can make full use of low-calorie blast furnace gas, improve efficiency of energy utilization, reduce coal gas diffusion, save energy, protection environment.
Modern blast furnace generally adopts regenerative hot blast stove heating air blast.Hotblast stove is made up of regenerator and combustion chamber two portions.Work period comprises burning phase and on air.In the burning phase, the high-temperature flue gas heating regenerator lattice brick that utilizes gas-fired to produce makes checker brick deposit heat, changes stove then extremely on air.On air then utilize checker brick that cold wind is heated, deliver to blast furnace by hot air duct again and use.For satisfying continuity and the reliability that blast furnace is produced, 3～4 hotblast stoves of blast furnace one general configuration.
Hotblast stove is divided into three kinds of internal combustion types, external combustion type, top ignition by structural shape.
The Cowper stove development time is longer, and combustion chamber and regenerator be with placing in the cylindrical furnace shell, and a side everywhere.By updating, present modified version Cowper stove has overcome the breakage of traditional Cowper stove vault refractory brick to a certain extent, has fallen brick, partition wall inclination, cracking, short circuit, shortcomings such as checker brick entanglement, obstruction.But fail to tackle the problem at its root, limiting factor is more, and wherein stability of structure is most important, generally is used for 3200m
3Following blast furnace.
Outside combustion stove is developed by Cowper stove, and principle of work is identical with Cowper stove, is that combustion chamber and regenerator are in two respectively independently in the cylindrical housings, and the top of combustion chamber and regenerator links up in a certain way.External combustion type and internal combustion type structure compared more become rationally, help overheavy firing, improve wind-warm syndrome, and shortcoming is a complex structure, and floor space is big, and steel and refractory consumption rate are many, the construction investment height.
The characteristics of top combustion stove are to utilize the vault space of hotblast stove as the combustion chamber, have cancelled sidepiece or outside independent combustion chamber.1978, No. 2 blast furnaces of Shoudu Iron and Steel Co took the lead in having adopted top combustion stove, and this is first large-scale top combustion stove in the world.This hotblast stove has symmetrical configuration, and temperature range distributes rationally, take up an area of little, advantages such as less investment.But traditional top combustion stove is subjected to that the combustion space is less to be influenced, and is easy to cause localized hyperthermia, and it is violent that chamber temperature is changed, and huge thermal stresses can cause damage to vault and furnace lining.
Along with the technical development of Iron industry, improve the important technology feature that wind-warm syndrome has become modern blast furnace.Modern hotblast stove will be realized the high wind-warm syndrome more than 1250 ℃, and the life-span was greater than 30 years, will reduce CO simultaneously
2, NO
XDeng the discharging of pollutent, save energy realizes long-service life high-efficiency.
The hotblast stove of existing three kinds of structural shapes is conventional hotblast stove, no matter adopts the burner of which kind of structural shape, and its combustion principle and characteristic there is no essential distinction.Along with the raising of dome temperature, NO
XGeneration will sharply accelerate, cause a series of problems such as furnace shell intergranular stress corrosion, contaminate environment.Therefore the existing conventional hotblast stove generally is controlled at dome temperature below 1420 ℃, thereby has limited the further raising of wind-warm syndrome.Therefore design and develop out the conventional Combustion of Hot Air Furnace process of a kind of change, further improve wind-warm syndrome, reduce CO
2, NO
XThe high-temperature low-oxygen long-service life high-efficiency hotblast stove of discharging has become the certainty that overcomes above-mentioned technological deficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace, overcome the defective of prior art, changed the combustion processes of traditional hot wind furnace, adopted high temperature air low oxygen combustion technology, can utilize low combustion value furnace gas to act as a fuel to significantly improve wind-warm syndrome, reduce NO significantly
XForm and discharging.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of top combustion stove that adopts the high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion technology comprises cold air inlet, fire grate and pillar, checker brick, regenerator, furnace lining, furnace shell, combustion chamber, vault, hot-blast outlet, exhanst gas outlet etc.High-temperature low-oxygen burner places hotblast stove top, and this burner is made up of gas entry, coal gas circuit, gas port, gas inlet, air circuit, air jet, settling chamber etc.(concrete preheating method can adopt primary heater units such as preheating oven or high temperature heat-exchange system with being preheating to combustion air more than 800 ℃, preheating method does not belong to content of the present invention), by fractional combustion in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner and high temperature gas flow products of combustion is entrainmented, the diluting reaction district contains the oxysome volume concentrations, realizes and the diverse high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion of traditional combustion process.
Gas entry of the present invention, coal gas circuit, gas port, gas inlet, air circuit, air jet are two groups, and order from top to bottom is followed successively by: coal gas, air, air, coal gas.Every group of inlet, circuit and spout all comprise 1～20 layer, and the space gas settling chamber is a cylindrical space, are built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials to form; Dome shape is circular, oval, parabola shaped or stretched wire Linear Space.
Every layer of gas port, the quantity of air jet is 4～40, horizontal direction, each layer gas port, the horizontal radial medullary ray of air jet and the angle of combustion chamber radial centre lines are-90 °～+ 90 °, can control coal gas so in the horizontal direction, air flows clockwise or counterclockwise, with tangent line circle size, vertical direction, each layer gas port, the vertical medullary ray of air jet and the angle of combustion chamber longitudinal center line are-90 °～+ 90 °, with control coal gas, air flows up or down, because coal gas, the gas inlet position is to coal gas, the homogeneity influence of air jet distribution of air flow is bigger, so each gas port, the air jet size, spacing is according to coal gas, the quantity of gas inlet pipe and position are graded profile or symmetrical distribution.
Combustion chamber of the present invention comprises aditus laryngis and diffusion burner, the spatial form of aditus laryngis be cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped or hyperbolic cylindrical, build by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials and to form; The spatial form of diffusion burner is toroidal or truncated cone-shaped, speed reduces after entering diffusion burner from the combustion gases of aditus laryngis ejection, but further reinforcement along with high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion, combustion flame transfers diffusion to by quick extension, temperature of combustion raises, and has formed the uniform temperature field in whole combustion chamber.
Two groups of gas entries arranging in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner of the present invention, circuit, spout and two groups of gas inlets, circuit, spout, every group comprises 1～20 layer of spout, the air of the coal gas of first group of gas port ejection and first group of air jet ejection is in topmost mixing afterfire, forming high-temperature flue gas flows to the bottom, combustion chamber, mix at the burner middle part with the high temperature air of second group of air jet ejection, entrainment, formation contains the oxysome volume concentrations and is lower than 15%, the high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere of temperature more than 800 ℃, finish burning for the second time with second group of gas port of foot afterwards, it is high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion, combustion processes no longer exists the localized hyperthermia's high-nitrogen area that occurs in the traditional combustion process, NO
XGeneration be suppressed.The burned flame volume increases under the hypoxia simultaneously, the high temperature severe radiation black matrix that formation temperature is evenly distributed in whole combustion chamber, and heat transfer efficiency significantly improves, NO in the flue gas
XGrowing amount reduces 30%, also can save 25% fuel consumption, the corresponding CO that reduces
2Discharging.
The ultimate principle of the High Temperature Air Combustion that the present invention adopts is that coal gas is burnt in high-temperature low-oxygen volumetric concentration atmosphere.The present invention comprises two basic fundamental measures: one is to adopt the combustion air preheated in high temperature technology, and combustion air temperature is preheating to more than 800 ℃.Another is to take coal gas fractional combustion and high velocity air to entrainment hotblast stove stove internal combustion product, and the diluting reaction district contains the oxysome volume concentrations, obtains the hypoxic atmosphere that oxygen concn is lower than 15% (volume).Coal gas forms and the diverse thermodynamic condition of traditional combustion process in this high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere, doing to delay to disengage heat energy under the shape burning with low-oxygen gas, no longer has the localized hyperthermia hyperoxia district that occurs in the traditional combustion process.
Hotblast stove high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion mode makes on the one hand that combustion chamber temperature is whole to raise and distribute more evenly, and gas consumption is significantly reduced.Reduce gas consumption and also just mean the corresponding CO that reduced
2The isothermal chamber gas purging.Effectively suppressed thermal NO (NO on the other hand
X) generation.Oxynitride (NO
X) be one of important source of causing topsoil, each industrial enterprise is all managing to reduce NO
XDischarging.NO
XMainly contain heating power type and fuel type, hotblast stove mainly adopts geseous fuel, and wherein nitrogenous compound is few, so fuel type NO
XGenerate few.By heating power type NO
XFormation speed mainly relevant with the peak flame temperature and the concentration of nitrogen, oxygen in the combustion processes, wherein temperature is to influence heating power type NO
XPrincipal element.Under the high-temperature air burning condition,, but there is not the localized hyperthermia district of traditional combustion because medial temperature raises in the hotblast stove; The furnace high-temperature flue gas mixes with the combustion air eddy flow simultaneously, has reduced the concentration of nitrogen, oxygen in the atmosphere; In addition, gas velocity is big, and combustionvelocity is fast, so NO
XEmission concentration reduces significantly.
Research and analyse confirmation by the numerical simulation analog calculation, high temperature low oxygen hot blast furnace has formed uniform temperature field, concentration field, flow field and pressure field in whole combustion chamber.Flame Temperature Distribution is even, and lower horizontal direction temperature head is about 20 ℃ in the combustion chamber, the NO that generates in the flue gas when 1420 ℃ of dome temperatures
XIt only is 30% of traditional combustion process.High-temperature flue gas enters regenerator lattice brick uniformly, and checker brick are efficiently utilized, and helps improving checker brick thermo-efficiency and prolongs the checker brick life-span.This high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion mode has also avoided the local combustion supporting air concentration too high, produces localized hyperthermia's phenomenon, thereby has effectively reduced NO
XGeneration etc. objectionable impurities.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic block diagram of high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace, wherein, and cold air inlet 1; Fire grate and pillar 2; Exhanst gas outlet 3; Checker brick 4; Regenerator 5; Furnace lining 6; Furnace shell 7; Hot-blast outlet 8; Combustion chamber 9; High-temperature low-oxygen burner 10; First group of gas port 11; First group of coal gas circuit 12; First group of gas entry 13; First group of air jet 14; First group of air circuit 15; First group of gas inlet 16; Second group of air jet 17; Second group of air circuit 18; Second group of gas inlet 19; Second group of gas port 20; Second group of coal gas circuit 21; Second group of gas entry 22.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view in A-A cross section among Fig. 1, wherein, and first group of gas port 11; First group of coal gas circuit 12; First group of gas entry 13.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view in B-B cross section among Fig. 1, wherein, and first group of air jet 14; First group of air circuit 15; First group of gas inlet 16.
Embodiment
Fig. 1～Fig. 3 is a kind of embodiment of the present invention.Shown in the structure iron of the embodiment of the invention of Fig. 1, high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace is by cold air inlet 1, fire grate and pillar 2, exhanst gas outlet 3, checker brick 4, regenerator 5, furnace lining 6, furnace shell 7, hot-blast outlet 8, combustion chamber 9,10 layers of one-tenth of high-temperature low-oxygen burner.Wherein high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is made up of the first layer gas port 11, the first layer coal gas circuit 12, the first layer gas entry 13, the first layer air jet 14, the first layer air circuit 15, the first layer gas inlet 16, second layer air jet 17, second layer air circuit 18, second layer gas inlet 19, second layer gas port 20, second layer coal gas circuit 21, second layer gas entry 22.
As shown in Figure 1, high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 of the present invention places the top of hotblast stove.The vault construction of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is circular, and lower space is cylindrical; The bottom of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is combustion chamber 9, and its structure is a truncated cone-shaped; Hot-blast outlet 8 is located at the bottom of combustion chamber 9; The bottom of combustion chamber 9 is cylindrical regenerator 5, and regenerator 5 is built by laying bricks or stones by checker brick 4 and formed; Checker brick 4 are supported on fire grate and the pillar 2.
The first layer gas entry 13, second layer gas entry 22 are connected with the gas line of outside respectively, and coal gas is introduced the first layer coal gas circuit 12 and second layer coal gas circuit 21; The first layer coal gas circuit 12 is established 20 the first layer gas ports 11 at circumferential direction, and second layer coal gas circuit 21 is established 20 second layer gas ports 20 at circumferential direction.Horizontal direction, the angle of the horizontal radial spout medullary ray of the first layer gas port 11 and second layer gas port 20 and the radial centre lines of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 25 °, can control the flow direction (eddy flow clockwise) and the tangent line circle size of coal gas so in the horizontal direction; Vertical direction, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of the first layer gas port 11 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is-25 °, the flow direction of control coal gas is downward, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of second layer gas port 20 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 25 °, and the flow direction of control coal gas upwards.
The first layer gas inlet 13, second layer gas inlet 19 respectively with the air outside pipe connection, air is introduced the first layer air circuit 15 and second layer air circuit 18; The first layer air circuit 15 is established 20 the first layer air jets 14 at circumferential direction, and second layer air circuit 18 is established 20 second layer air jets 17 at circumferential direction.Horizontal direction, the angle of the horizontal radial spout medullary ray of the first layer air jet 14 and second layer air jet 17 and the radial centre lines of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 25 °, and flow direction that so in the horizontal direction can control air (eddy flow clockwise) and tangent line circle are big or small; Vertical direction, the angle of the vertical spout medullary ray of the first layer air jet 14 and second layer air jet 17 and the longitudinal center line of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10 is 25 °, the flow direction of control air is upwards.
The coal gas of the first layer gas port 11 ejections mixes afterfire with the air of the first layer air jet 14 ejections under the condition of eddy flow diffusion, form high-temperature flue gas and flow to the bottom of high-temperature low-oxygen burner 10; After being mixed by the high-temperature flue gas that flows downward in the air of second layer air jet 17 ejection and the combustion chamber 9, its temperature can reach 800～1000 ℃, and oxygen concn is lower than 15%, the combustion air of formation high-temperature low-oxygen, in combustion chamber 9 to descending rotational flow; Burn in the atmosphere by coal gas high-temperature low-oxygen in combustion chamber 9 of second layer gas port 20 ejection, combustion processes becomes diffusion controlled reaction, no longer has the localized hyperthermia's high-nitrogen area that occurs in the traditional combustion process, NO
XGeneration be suppressed, burning and the high-temperature flue gas that forms are rotated down and flow into regenerator 5, and then heating checker brick 4, flue gas enters flue through exhanst gas outlet 3 then.
High-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace of the present invention is applicable to metallurgy and field of energy-saving technology and since the high-temp combustion process change combustioncharacteristics of traditional hot wind furnace, make sufficient combustion, Flame Temperature Distribution is even, can significantly improve the thermo-efficiency and the work-ing life of checker brick; Can effectively suppress combustion processes NO
XGeneration and discharging; Can use low-heat value gas to realize high wind-warm syndrome fully, and can reduce fuel consumption, save energy reduces CO
2Discharging.
High-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace of the present invention has multiple embodiments, only is preferred version by the specific embodiment in the description of drawings, is not to be restriction to protection scope of the present invention.Anyly do not break away from mentality of designing of the present invention, the present invention is done unsubstantiality changes, all still belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace comprises cold air inlet, fire grate and pillar, checker brick, regenerator, furnace lining, furnace shell, high-temperature low-oxygen burner, combustion chamber, vault, hot-blast outlet, exhanst gas outlet; It is characterized in that, high-temperature low-oxygen burner has been arranged on top at hotblast stove, high-temperature low-oxygen burner is made up of gas entry, coal gas circuit, gas port, gas inlet, air circuit, air jet and space gas settling chamber, the combustion air that is preheated to more than 800 ℃ entrainments products of combustion by fractional combustion in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner and high temperature gas flow, the diluting reaction district contains the oxysome volume concentrations, realizes high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion;
Described gas entry, coal gas circuit, gas port, gas inlet, air circuit, air jet are two groups, and order from top to bottom is followed successively by: coal gas, air, air, coal gas; Every group of inlet, circuit and spout all comprise 1～20 layer, and the space gas settling chamber is a cylindrical space, are built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials to form; Dome shape is circular, oval, parabola shaped or stretched wire Linear Space;
Described combustion chamber comprises aditus laryngis and diffusion burner, the spatial form of aditus laryngis be cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped or hyperbolic cylindrical, build by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials and to form, the spatial form of diffusion burner is toroidal or truncated cone-shaped, speed reduces after entering diffusion burner from the combustion gases of aditus laryngis ejection, but along with the further reinforcement of high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion, combustion flame transfers diffusion to by quick extension, temperature of combustion raises, and has formed the uniform temperature field in whole combustion chamber.
2. high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, every layer of gas port, the quantity of air jet is 4～40, horizontal direction, each layer gas port, the horizontal radial medullary ray of air jet and the angle of combustion chamber radial centre lines are-90 °～+ 90 °, control coal gas, air flows clockwise or counterclockwise, with tangent line circle size, vertical direction, each layer gas port, the vertical medullary ray of air jet and the angle of combustion chamber longitudinal center line are-90 °～+ 90 °, with control coal gas, air flows up or down, each gas port, air jet is graded profile or symmetrical distribution.
3. high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, two groups of gas entries arranging in the high-temperature low-oxygen burner, the coal gas circuit, gas port and two groups of gas inlets, the air circuit, air jet, every group comprises 1～20 layer of spout, the air of the coal gas of first group of gas port ejection and first group of air jet ejection is in topmost mixing afterfire, forming high-temperature flue gas flows to the bottom, combustion chamber, at the burner middle part intense mixing takes place with the air of second group of air jet ejection, entrainment, formation contains the oxysome volume concentrations and is lower than 15%, the high-temperature low-oxygen atmosphere of temperature more than 800 ℃ is finished burning for the second time with second group of gas port of foot afterwards.
4. high-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described burning second time is meant high-temperature and low-oxygen combustion.
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| CN2010101015241A CN101792837B (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | High-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101015241A CN101792837B (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | High-temperature low-oxygen top-combustion-type air heating furnace |
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| CN101792837B true CN101792837B (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102041337B (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-08-22 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Multi-purpose system for high-temperature preheating of hot blast furnace combustion-supporting air |
| CN103882172B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-12-09 | 济钢集团有限公司 | A kind of blast funnace hot blast stove attemperator |
| CN105650624B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-01-19 | 陈维汉 | A kind of coal gas and air classification premixed combustion and the hot-blast stove for spreading heat |
| JP3223816U (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2019-11-07 | ヂェンヂョウ アネック インダストリアル カンパニー．，リミテッド | New top-fired hot air furnace |
| CN109402314B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2024-01-16 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Top combustion type hot blast stove burner |
| CN108759084A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-06 | 靖江博鑫柯曼燃烧器制造有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving hot air stove |
| CN111690785B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2024-05-14 | 山东省冶金设计院股份有限公司 | Top combustion type hot blast stove with central uniformly distributed burner |
| CN111763018A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-13 | 北京卡卢金热风炉技术有限公司 | Heating furnace device with burner |
| CN111961780B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-04-12 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Improved method for reducing NOx generation amount of top combustion type hot blast stove |
| CN114459028A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-10 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Combustor and gas equipment |
| CN115478160A (en) * | 2022-10-01 | 2022-12-16 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Device and process method for producing pellets by using low-calorific-value fuel |
| CN115786615A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-03-14 | 中钢设备有限公司 | Hydrogen-carbon-rich circulating blast furnace matched gas heating furnace |
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