CN101789687B - Average current mode controller based on inductance current self-calibration lossless detection - Google Patents

Average current mode controller based on inductance current self-calibration lossless detection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101789687B
CN101789687B CN2010101309207A CN201010130920A CN101789687B CN 101789687 B CN101789687 B CN 101789687B CN 2010101309207 A CN2010101309207 A CN 2010101309207A CN 201010130920 A CN201010130920 A CN 201010130920A CN 101789687 B CN101789687 B CN 101789687B
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output
current
voltage
signal
control circuit
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CN101789687A (en
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娄佳娜
赵梦恋
吴晓波
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses an average current mode controller based on inductance current self-calibration lossless detection, comprising an inductance type direct current converter, a power switch, a load which is connected in series with the average current mode controller, a driver, a current loop control circuit with an inductance current self-calibration function, a voltage loop control circuit, a slope compensation circuit and a duty cycle comparison circuit. The average current mode controller has strong suitability and is suitable for any converter topology with inductance and multiple types and series of inductances. An application engineer does not need to measure the resistance value of the inductance in advance, and values in a calibration range of the controller can all be applied. By adopting the controller to control average currents, an additional energy consumption original part is not introduced at a power stage, and the conversion efficiency is obviously enhanced particularly in a topology applied with high power. The controller has multiple expansion applications and can calibrate and detect the on-resistance of the power switch.

Description

Average-current mode controller based on the Non-Destructive Testing of inductive current self calibration
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power electronics, the average-current mode controller of inductive current self calibration Non-Destructive Testing in particularly a kind of inductive type converter.
Background technology
In the inductive type converter, most basically DC-to-dc or A.C.-D.C. converter all need detect the inductive current conduct: 1. current mode loop control; 2. over-current detection protection; 3. reverse current detects, to realize interrupted current control model (DCM).Wherein the method for inductive current detection has a lot, and pluses and minuses are respectively arranged.The method and the pluses and minuses thereof of several kinds of inductive currents detections that following table has been given an example commonly used:
Detection method Advantage Shortcoming
Series resistance Precision is high Power consumption is big
Switch conduction resistance Power consumption is little Precision is low
Mirror image switch Power consumption is little, can be integrated Precision is low, and matching problem is arranged, low bandwidth
Detect inductive drop calculating inductance electric current Power consumption is little, and the complete period is detected Need know inductance value
Filter detection Power consumption is little, and the complete period is detected Resistance and the capacitance that need know inductance value and ESR resistance filter are bigger
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the average-current mode controller of a kind of inductive current self calibration Non-Destructive Testing; Adopt the intrinsic series equivalent resistance (ESR) of inductance to be implemented in the DC-DC converter of inductive type the ESR resistance of different resistances is carried out the Non-Destructive Testing of self calibration and inductive current, and based on the Average Current Control of this current detecting realization inductive current.
The average-current mode controller of a kind of inductive current self calibration Non-Destructive Testing comprises inductive type DC converter, power switch and the load of connecting with the inductive type DC converter, and described average-current mode controller also comprises:
Driver connects described power switch, is used for the closure of power controlling switch;
The current loop control circuit connects the input/output terminal of described inductive type DC converter, is used to detect the electric current of inductance of flowing through, and exports stable direct current detection signal;
The Voltage loop control circuit connects the output of described inductive type DC converter, is used for output voltage is sampled, and is current loop control circuit output reference control signal;
Slope compensation circuit, the output of connection current loop control circuit is used for the ramp signal of direct current detection signal stack to the output of current loop control circuit;
Duty ratio receives the benchmark control signal of direct current detection signal and Voltage loop control circuit output than school circuit, is used for the work of two kinds of signals of comparison and the described driver of output duty cycle signal controlling.
Wherein, described current loop control circuit comprises low pass filter, variable resistor, capacitor, power voltage a reference source and low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit, wherein:
Described power voltage a reference source is passed through parallelly connected variable resistor is connected low pass filter with capacitor output, and the output that is used to described low pass filter provides the direct current biasing signal.
Described low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit is used for variable-resistance resistance is regulated, thereby changes the DC current gain of low pass filter.
Wherein, described Voltage loop control circuit comprises error amplifier, some feedback divider resistances, first voltage-reference, compensating resistance and compensation condenser;
Described error amplifier one input is connected to converter output terminal through the feedback divider resistance, and another input connects first and connects voltage-reference, is used for the reference voltage that feedback signal and described first voltage-reference provide is done the error amplification;
Described compensating resistance is connected the output of error amplifier with compensation condenser, be used to constitute the integral form hysteresis frequency compensation network of Voltage loop control circuit.
Wherein, described low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit comprises preamplifier, comparator, the counter and second voltage-reference;
Preamplifier connects the output of described low pass filter, is used for the detection signal of low pass filter output is amplified;
Comparator connects the output and described second voltage-reference of described preamplifier, is used for the reference signal of monitor signal after the amplification of preamplifier output and the output of second voltage-reference is compared;
Counter receives the comparison signal that comparator is exported, and is used for controlling described variable-resistance resistance according to the comparison signal that receives.
Average-current mode controller of the present invention does not need extra introducing integrator again in the design of electric current loop, do not have complicated compensation problem.In addition; The feedback stage of electric current loop is a low pass filter; Left half-plane limit of its transfer function band; After current loop control circuit closed loop, the limit in the feedback stage transfer function has resolved into a left half-plane zero point and a high frequency poles in closed loop transfer function,, helps to increase bandwidth and improves phase margin.
Average-current mode controller of the present invention and the advantage that adopts this controller to average current control method are that adaptability is strong; Be applicable to the converter topology of any charged sense and the inductance of multiple model and series; The Application Engineer does not need to record in advance the resistance of inductance, and the value in controller adjustable scope all can be used.Adopt this controller to average Current Control, do not introduce extra power consumption original paper in power stage, especially in the middle of the topology of high-power applications, conversion efficiency has quite significantly raising.Controller of the present invention has a lot of expanded application, can calibrate detection to the conducting resistance of power switch.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an electrical block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the oscillogram of key signal during circuit working among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the signal waveforms of each node in the circuit in the self-calibration process among Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 be invention electrical block diagram, describe with voltage-dropping type buck topology, other booster types boost topology, the control of buck-boost type buck-boost topology is similar.
The average-current mode controller of a kind of inductive current self calibration Non-Destructive Testing comprises:
The inductive type DC converter, wherein L is an inductance, has the ESR resistance an of the unknown, resistance R oWith capacitor C oForm output loading;
Power switch is made up of P channel power switch MP and N channel power switch MN, the output voltage of control inductive type DC converter;
Driver connects power switch, the closure of power controlling switch;
The current loop control circuit comprises transconductance type amplifier gm, variable resistor R S, capacitor C SBe fine into low pass single order gm-c filter; Power voltage a reference source DC and low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit; The low pass filter input connects the inductance L two ends of inductive type DC converter, detects the electric current of inductance L of flowing through, and exports stable direct current detection signal V S, power voltage a reference source DC is through the variable resistor R of parallel connection SWith capacitor C SThe output that connects low pass filter.Low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit connects the output of low pass filter, and control variable resistor R SResistance.
The Voltage loop control circuit comprises error amplifier EA, two output voltages feedback divider resistance R1 and R2, first voltage-reference, compensating resistance R CWith compensation condenser C C, the Voltage loop control circuit connects feedback divider resistance R1 through error amplifier EA one input and the R2 sampling obtains feedback signal V FB, wherein, the output load of output feedback divider resistance R1 and R2 series connection back and inductive type DC converter also connects, and error amplifier EA is by feedback signal V FBDo the error amplification and be current loop control circuit output reference control signal V with reference voltage C
Compensating resistance R CWith compensation condenser C CThe output that connects error amplifier EA, the integral form hysteresis frequency compensation network of formation Voltage loop control circuit.
Slope compensation circuit RAMP is that a peak-to-peak value is V MThe slope, connect the output of current loop control circuit, obtain signal V to ramp signal of direct current detection signal stack of current loop control circuit output RAMP
Duty ratio comparison circuit PWM, the signal V behind the reception stack ramp signal RAMPBenchmark control signal V with the output of Voltage loop control circuit C, than the work of two kinds of signals in school and output duty cycle signal controlling driver.Produce duty cycle signals d.
Low pass filter in the current loop control circuit is a single order gm-c filter, by transconductance type amplifier gm and variable resistor R S, capacitor C SForm.Its transfer function is expressed as:
G f ( s ) = g m · R S 1 + s · R S · C S - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, g mBe the transconductance value of transconductance type amplifier gm, R SBe variable resistor R SResistance, C SBe capacitor C SCapacitance, s representes complex variable.
Can know by formula (1), after the mutual conductance of amplifier is confirmed, as long as change variable resistor R SResistance just can change the DC current gain of low pass filter.When the bandwidth of low pass filter during less than the converter operating frequency, its output signal just can accurately be represented the mean value of inductive current, detected inductive current mean value V SFor:
V S ‾ = g m · R S · R ESR · i L ‾ - - - ( 2 )
R ESRBe the resistance of inductance ESR resistance, i LIt is the electric current that flows through inductance
After the electric current loop closed loop, its closed loop transfer function, is:
Ai ( s ) = V IN R ESR · ( g m · R S · V IN + V M ) · ( 1 + s · R S · C S ) ( 1 + s · L R ESR ) · ( 1 + s · V M · R S · C S g m · R S · V IN + V M ) - - - ( 3 )
V INBe the input voltage of converter, V MBe the peak-to-peak value on slope, L is the sense value of inductance.
It is thus clear that its closed loop transfer function, has a low frequency zero point and two high frequency poles, helps to improve the closed loop amplitude-frequency characteristic.
V behind slope of current loop control circuit output signal stack RAMPWith benchmark control signal V CRelatively produce the work that duty cycle signals d removes the power controlling switch.Because the particularity of electric current loop design, current loop control circuit itself does not need compensation, the amplitude-frequency characteristic that the Voltage loop control circuit also only needs simple compensation just can realize ideal.Here adopt a transconductance type amplifier to realize integral form hysteresis frequency compensation.
Pay special attention to the power voltage a reference source DC below the gm-c filter, its effect is that the output for filter provides a suitable direct current biasing, and promptly the output signal of filter is formed by stacking on this power voltage a reference source.If inductor current signal reduces and near zero, the output of filter also reduces and near the DC fiducial value.Even can guarantee like this under very little electric current, the output of filter and avoids getting into saturation condition still within reasonable range.
Fig. 2 is the oscillogram of system's loop operate as normal key signal.Inductive current I LBeing triangular wave, also is triangular wave through detection signal behind the low pass filter, and its high-frequency gain is very little, so benchmark control signal V SCan be similar to as direct current signal.Be superimposed with signal V behind the slope RAMPIt still is ramp signal.Voltage loop output signal V CBecause the influence of integral form hysteresis frequency compensation network also can be treated as direct current signal.V RAMPWith V CSignal can obtain the work that duty cycle signals d removes the power controlling switch through behind the PWM comparator.
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram of current detecting self-calibration circuit.
Wherein, low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit comprises preamplifier, comparator, the counter and second voltage-reference;
Preamplifier connects the output of low pass filter, with the detection signal V of low pass filter output SAmplify;
Comparator, the output and second voltage-reference of connection preamplifier are with the monitor signal V after the amplification of preamplifier output COMPReference signal V with the output of second voltage-reference REFCompare;
Counter receives the comparison signal that comparator is exported, and is used for according to the comparison signal control variable resistor R that receives SResistance.
Variable resistor R wherein SBe by R Mini, R 0, 2 * R 0, 4 * R 0, 8 * R 0, 16 * R 0, 32 * R 0, 64 * R 0With 128 * R 0Composition is composed in series, R 0, 2 * R 0, 4 * R 0, 8 * R 0, 16 * R 0, 32 * R 0, 64 * R 0With 128 * R 0Switch of each parallel connection.The ESR resistance of general inductance arrives several ohm in tens milliohms and does not wait, when adopting 8 to be counter, and variable resistor R in the current detecting self-calibration circuit SAdjustable scope is R Mini＜R S＜R Mini+ 255R 0Enough be applicable to general application, if need to increase adjusting range, can increase the figure place of counter, this method very visitor is prone in integrated circuit, realize.In addition, whole current detecting self-calibration circuit all can be integrated on sheet, need not outside sheet, to increase additional devices.
The course of work of current detecting self-calibration circuit is: the reasonable start-up course of control system lets the current detecting self-calibration circuit before electric current loop loop and Voltage loop loop are started working, work and finishes.Its operation principle: during system start-up, break off inductance and power stage, and pour into a less direct current and detect electric current, obtain V through gm-c filter detection inductance voltage S, switch S 0～S7 is closure during startup, variable resistor R SBe arranged on the resistance value minimum value, V SThrough obtaining V behind the preamplifier COMPSignal is input to a comparator then, with a reference signal V REFRelatively, if V COMPSignal is less than V REFSignal, comparator output triggers a counter and makes it to count one, and opens the switch S 0 of lowest order, makes variable resistor R SResistance value increase R 0, through this feedback, the DC current gain of gm-c filter also increases, and the signal after increasing is continued to do above-mentioned comparison, after the logical cycle compares, up to V COMPSignal approaches and surpasses V REFSignal, then comparator output control counter stops counting and keeps count value, and the current detecting self-calibration process is promptly accomplished, and electric current loop and Voltage loop power loop begin operate as normal subsequently.
Fig. 4 is the signal waveform of each node in the circuit in the self-calibration process.
When sensed signal sources was direct current, the voltage of each node was direct current in one-period.When counter stops, having to draw a conclusion:
V REF＝K·g m·R S·R ESR·I S (4)
Note: a = g m · R S · R ESR = V REF K · I S - - - ( 5 )
Substitution formula (2): V S=ai L(6)
Wherein, K is the gain of preamplifier.
Analysis by formula (5) (6) can be known, after system parameters is confirmed, is a steady state value through a value behind the self calibration, and promptly the detection ratio of current detection module is a constant ratio, the needs of coincidence control system design.

Claims (3)

1. the average-current mode controller of inductive current self calibration Non-Destructive Testing comprises inductive type DC converter, power switch and the load of connecting with the inductive type DC converter, and it is characterized in that: described average-current mode controller also comprises:
Driver connects described power switch, is used for the closure of power controlling switch;
The current loop control circuit; The input/output terminal that connects described inductive type DC converter; Be used to detect the electric current of inductance of flowing through, and export stable direct current detection signal, described current loop control circuit comprises low pass filter, variable resistor, capacitor; Power voltage a reference source and low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit, wherein:
Described power voltage a reference source is passed through parallelly connected variable resistor is connected low pass filter with capacitor output, and the output that is used to described low pass filter provides the direct current biasing signal;
Described low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit is used for variable-resistance resistance is regulated, thereby changes the DC current gain of low pass filter;
The Voltage loop control circuit connects the output of described inductive type DC converter, is used for output voltage is sampled, and is current loop control circuit output reference control signal;
Slope compensation circuit, the output of connection current loop control circuit is used for the ramp signal of direct current detection signal stack to the output of current loop control circuit;
The duty ratio comparison circuit receives the benchmark control signal that direct current detection signal and Voltage loop control circuit are exported, and is used for the work of two kinds of signals of comparison and the described driver of output duty cycle signal controlling.
2. average-current mode controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described low pass filter DC current gain self-calibration circuit comprises preamplifier, comparator, the counter and second voltage-reference, wherein,
Described preamplifier connects the output of described low pass filter, is used for the detection signal of low pass filter output is amplified;
Described comparator connects the output and described second voltage-reference of described preamplifier, is used for the reference signal of detection signal after the amplification of preamplifier output and the output of second voltage-reference is compared;
Described counter receives the comparison signal that comparator is exported, and is used for controlling described variable-resistance resistance according to the comparison signal that receives.
3. average-current mode controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described Voltage loop control circuit comprises error amplifier, some feedback divider resistances, first voltage-reference, compensating resistance and compensation condenser, wherein:
Described error amplifier one input is connected to converter output terminal through the feedback divider resistance, and another input connects first voltage-reference, is used for the reference voltage that feedback signal and described first voltage-reference provide is done the error amplification;
Described compensating resistance is connected the output of error amplifier with compensation condenser, be used to constitute the integral form hysteresis frequency compensation network of Voltage loop control circuit.
CN2010101309207A 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Average current mode controller based on inductance current self-calibration lossless detection Expired - Fee Related CN101789687B (en)

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