CN101788965B - Multipoint automatic identification and master-slave synchronization serial communication mode - Google Patents
Multipoint automatic identification and master-slave synchronization serial communication mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multipoint automatic identification and master-slave synchronization serial communication method, in particular to a multipoint automatic identification and master-slave synchronization capable of simultaneously realizing slave automatic identification and master-slave synchronization problems, belonging to the technical field of data communication. A master adopts an ordered data format order string and sends the ordered data format order string; the slave reads orders in a progressively decreasing method, that is to say, the slave sequentially and progressively decreases the received data orders, then sequentially sends the data orders to the master in an inverted order data order format and adds data in a progressively increasing method to finally complete the transmission of the orders; and the master can adjust time at any time in the process. The invention replaces the traditional parallel-connected wiring communication mode with full and more powerful functions, simplifies the complexity degree of wiring and lengthens the communication distance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the data communication technology field, relate to a kind of multiple spot identification and the synchronous serial communication method of principal and subordinate automatically specifically.
Background technology
In automatic control and measuring system, generally all adopt wired principal and subordinate's multi-point communication method for guaranteeing reliability, and generally adopt serial communication, so that simplify wiring, prolong communication distance.Traditional system's on line method mostly is parallel and connects, and also claims star to connect, as shown in Figure 1.Need to adopt communication mode of connection in parallel under the synchronous occasion of principal and subordinate at one, yet implement very from simple: main frame is sent out a synchronizing signal, and each slave can be received this signal simultaneously, thereby realizes the synchronous working of main frame and slave.But adopt this parallel connection means of communication also must send different steering orders according to the different courses of work or different needs to each slave usually, main frame also needs from every slave read test data simultaneously.Accomplish above-mentioned requirement, main frame is at first wanted to discern every slave.Traditional method is all to establish the sign what a differs from one another in advance for every slave, and main frame is according to every the slave of sign identification that configures in advance.This way can just be brought some extra inconvenience in actual applications: at first, sign itself is exactly a relatively thing of specialty, and general non-pro people contacts first and will confuse mostly; Secondly, being provided with generally of sign also will manually participate in, and this certainly will increase the difficulty of use; The corresponding relation of the sign of slave and its actual present position is fixed, and maintain and replace can be pretty troublesome, very easily goes wrong.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of automatic identification of slave and multiple spot of principal and subordinate's stationary problem realized simultaneously and discerns automatically and the synchronous serial communication method of principal and subordinate.
For solving the foregoing invention problem, the present invention adopts multiple spot identification and the synchronous serial communication method of principal and subordinate automatically, and it comprises self-recognition methods and principal and subordinate's method for synchronous of slave;
The self-recognition methods of described slave is:
(1) main frame and a plurality of slave adopt mode of connection as shown in the figure;
(2) main frame adopts the ordered data format order, that is: give the instruction of the instruction of first slave → give second slave → → give the instruction of N slave; The content of slave instruction can have two classes: actual instruction and dummy instruction, main frame send instructions for which platform slave, then insert actual instruction in the corresponding instruction piece, otherwise insert dummy instruction;
(3) slave adopts the diminishing method reading command, that is: after first slave is received the instruction that main frame sends, read the content in first instruction block, if actual instruction is just according to execution, hand down since second slave instruction with being about to the subsequent instructions that main frame transmits, do not transmit the first original block instruction of main frame; Second slave is received first block instruction in the new instruction that first slave sends over, actual is the second original block instruction of main frame, subsequently also as first slave, if actual instruction is just according to execution, abandon the present instruction piece immediately, and the subsequent content of instruction is handed down; Each slave subsequently also hands down successively according to above-mentioned identical method; The instruction of each slave that main frame sends can correctly be read respectively by all slaves.
(4) slave adopts inverted order data command form, and add data with increment method: each data block of described slave is incrementally added respectively by the slave of correspondence, forward inverted order after the ordering of Xing Chenging is served as reasons at last, that is to say that it passes to second slave with the data block of oneself if first from confidential transmission data; If second slave simultaneously also has data to send, it sets up oneself a actual blocks of data so, otherwise sets up an empty data block; It sends the data block of oneself earlier, transmits the data block of first slave subsequently; Other slave is also according to above-mentioned same method action;
Described principal and subordinate's machine method for synchronous is the method for synchronous that slave adopts self-timing, that is to say that main frame sends first synchronizing signal after the some time that powers on, and meanwhile, each slave begins motor synchronizing constantly regularly in identical powering on; Also be to immobilize in the cycle interval time that main frame is sent out between each synchronizing signal, so main frame can send follow-up synchronizing signal at interval according to certain regular time; Each slave also is like this, uses the self-timing amount identical with main frame to decide oneself synchronization point, so send moment of second synchronizing signal at main frame, slave is also by self regularly beginning second progress of work; Later slave is respectively according to above-mentioned same method action.
Also comprise the constant mark that is located at head and the tail respectively in the actual instruction structure of the main frame in the self-recognition methods of described slave and the data structure of slave, that is to say that head and the tail in the host command structure add respectively that host command begins sign and host command finishes to identify; Add respectively from machine data at the head and the tail of the data structure of each slave and to begin sign and the slave ED identifies.
Described principal and subordinate's machine method for synchronous also comprises the synchronous correction of slave, and its special feature is: described principal and subordinate's method for synchronous is not transmitted the synchronizing signal of main frame for each slave, but send synchronizing signal to next slave on one's own initiative, this synchronizing signal delivery time begins a process simultaneously at it, be as the criterion with its self-timing, and this self-timing is through revising synchronously; In the loop in the whole means of communication, see from back to front, the N slave synchronously from the N-1 slave, the synchronization accuracy of N slave depends on the N-1 slave so; And the N-1 slave depends on the more N-2 slave of front, and the rest may be inferred, and up to first slave, and the precision of first slave depends on the main frame of front.
The self-recognition methods of slave combines with principal and subordinate's method for synchronous among the present invention, it with complete and more strong functions substitute traditional and the tie means of communication, and can simplify wiring, prolong communication, modern society in the computing machine popularization and application has excellent application value.
Description of drawings
Annexation figure in the existing means of communication in parallel of Fig. 1 between main frame and the slave.
Fig. 2 is the annexation figure between main frame and the slave in the means of communication of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the order format pie graph of main frame among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the director data pie graph of slave among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the order format pie graph of the actual main frame that uses among the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the data layout pie graph of the actual slave that uses among the present invention.
Specific implementation method
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with Figure of description.
At first introduce the method that the slave among the present invention is discerned automatically.
Fig. 1 shows the annexation between the main frame and slave in the existing means of communication in parallel.One of sending of main frame only needs the signal of certain slave response, and each slave can receive simultaneously, the sequencing that has nothing special.Should how which platform slave to distinguish this signal be responded by? main frame also will add each slave sign of establishing in advance except signal itself when signaling, slave could be distinguished and should be responded by whom like this.
Fig. 2 shows the means of communication of the present invention; Observe signal transmission shown in Figure 2, be not difficult to find such phenomenon: if main frame sends a signal, have only first directly to receive from function, other slave is received the signal of main frame to this without any approach, unless first slave is transmitted after receiving host signal again.If follow-up slave also carries out forwarding work as first slave, by this relay method, the signal of main frame just can spread all over all slaves in an orderly manner so.
Introduce the process of main frame reception slave signal in automatic identification of multiple spot of the present invention and the synchronous serial communication method below: if at a time, all slaves begin to send data, for main frame, it can only directly receive the signal that the N slave at end is sent, receive the signal of other slave without any approach, unless the signal of the N front slave that it is received from the function forwarding, if the slave of front all carries out forwarding work as the N slave, by with above-mentioned similar relay method, main frame just can be received " in an orderly manner " signal of whole slaves.And in the means of communication shown in Figure 1 and tie, do not allow slave to send signal simultaneously, because have only a public and straight-through communication line; For avoiding the communication conflict, each slave can only be taken up in order of priority and be sent own signal, and how who does is first manage after for whom? this all establishes the sign what a differs from one another in advance according to every slave of that sign above-mentioned again, that is to say the address.Communication in parallel has only these addresses of dependence just can set up an order, even if do not consider the communication conflict, slave sends signal at random, and main frame also must rely on the ownership that signal is distinguished in the address.
And the present invention relies on sign like that without the parallel connection method communication fully, and this " order " that it utilizes the tandem-type connection communication to form naturally can reach same effect.
The order format that Fig. 3 shows main frame constitutes; At first narrate main frame and assign the course of work of instruction, have two classes, actual instruction and dummy instruction in the slave instruction; Main frame sends instructions for which platform slave, then in the corresponding instruction piece, insert actual instruction, otherwise insert dummy instruction, host command sends, and after first slave is received, reads the content of first slave instruction block, if actual instruction is just according to execution, hand down with being about to original second slave instruction that main frame transmits, do not transmit the first original block instruction of main frame, can abandon because first slave has been carried out; Second slave is received first block instruction in the new instruction that first slave sends over, that is to say second of original host command, subsequently also as first slave, is that actual instruction is just according to execution, abandon the present instruction piece immediately, and the subsequent content of instruction is handed down; Each slave subsequently also hands down successively according to above-mentioned identical method; According to this mechanism of successively decreasing, the instruction of each slave that main frame sends can correctly be read respectively by all slaves, has finished the same thing that will rely on above-mentioned sign just can accomplish originally.
Fig. 4 shows the form from machine data; The process that slave sends data is as follows: the content of each data block also is divided into two classes: real data and empty data.Make comparisons with the host command of Fig. 3, its forming process is just opposite, and each data block is incrementally added respectively by the slave of correspondence, and the order of Pai Lieing is also just opposite at last.Specifically be such operation: if first from confidential transmission data, it passes to second slave with the data block of oneself; If second slave simultaneously also has data to send, it sets up oneself a actual blocks of data so, otherwise sets up an empty data block.It sends the data block of oneself earlier, transmits the data block of first slave subsequently.Other slave forms the whole data segment structure as Fig. 4 too at last.The inverted order arrangement of data block allows it can also adapt to the randomness that slave sends data in this structure.For example, second from confidential data sometime, but first slave does not have data to send out, and the mechanism of this inverted order just allows second slave needn't wait for earnestly that first slave sends out data and come, and can down transmit the data block of oneself immediately.The mechanism of inverted order is also simpler to main frame identification: first data block that main frame is received must be the N slave, surplus person and the like.This fixed pattern can not cause the real data segment length to change along with the randomness because of above-mentioned slave transmission data and change.If this point is not accomplished in the ordering of forward.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show the order structure of main frame and the actual use of slave: the head and the tail at host command add service bit respectively, and promptly host command begins sign and host command end sign; Equally, add service bit respectively, promptly begin to identify slave ED sign from machine data at the head and the tail of described each slave data structure.The data structure of the order structure of main frame and slave is through after modifying like this, can be so that the easier differentiation of main frame and slave and handle this two class Content of communciation of different nature.
Another part of the present invention of explanation now realizes the synchronous method of principal and subordinate.
At first, investigate the series wiring means of communication and carry out the synchronous where the shoe pinches of principal and subordinate.
" serial communication " and series wiring communication among the present invention are not the same thing, and data transmitted with the method for displacement when the former referred to communication; The latter refers to the mode of connection of each communication point; Even if characteristics of serial communication are exactly that the simplest byte of data neither transmit quickly, but data are divided into a plurality of data bit, bit by bit transfer wants byte-8 data bit to add the serial transmission time of 2 service bits so serial communication transmits signal at the soonest then.
Main frame sends a synchronizing signal in Fig. 2, might as well suppose that for the sake of simplicity it is a byte, first slave begins delivery time at main frame just can receive this byte after the time through 1 byte of serial communication transmission, it promptly sends rearwards to receive the back, second slave is received this byte through 1 byte again after the delivery time, N slave so, to the last.Obviously, in this way transmit the main frame synchronizing signal, main frame begins to send out the moment of synchronizing signal relatively, and first slave receives that the moment of synchronizing signal will postpone the delivery time of a byte, second slave will postpone the delivery time of two bytes, and N is from a confidential delay N delivery time.If require to reach strict synchronism, directly receive that according to slave self moment of synchronizing signal obviously can't finish as synchronization point.
First solution that the present invention proposes for this reason is that slave adopts the method for synchronous of self-timing; The whole system operation process just becomes like this: system powers on, and main frame is sent out first synchronizing signal after the some time that powers on.Meanwhile, each slave begins motor synchronizing constantly regularly in identical powering on, and this regularly generally is not difficult to get near main frame and sends required value synchronously.Usually main frame is sent out the interval time between each synchronizing signal, is also referred to as the cycle, is changeless; Therefore main frame can send follow-up synchronizing signal at interval according to certain regular time, each slave also is like this, decide the synchronization point of oneself with the self-timing amount identical with main frame, so send the moment of second synchronizing signal at main frame, slave is also by self regularly beginning second progress of work, so go down, in the ideal case, main frame and slave just can be realized synchronous working.
Certainly, during real work, do not have good like this perfect condition, the synchronization point error of main frame and slave can be passed in time and be accumulated change gradually greatly; For this reason, second solution that the present invention proposes is based on the above method, slave also will be revised synchronously, be after system powers on, main frame and slave are almost sent out synchronizing signal and beginning first process respectively at synchronization, subsequently, first slave is received the synchronizing signal that main frame transmits after the transmission time through 1 above-mentioned byte, it adjusts the timing of oneself in view of the above, it is regularly next to that is to say that first slave just started in the moment of receiving the main frame synchronizing signal, regularly amount deducts transmission time of above-mentioned 1 byte for the original cycle, like this, second process that slave is started working constantly and the moment of second synchronizing signal of main frame transmission will be very approaching; Further, have nothing to do the zero hour of the zero hour of second process of first slave and its own first process regularly in time, error just can not accumulate like this, in fact, Here it is slave is according to receiving that the moment of main frame synchronizing signal carries out the leading timing of next process, this timing will be deducted the delay of main frame synchronizing signal, make final both can take place in the very approaching moment, all repeat such step at every turn, this way does not have the accumulation of error, the synchronization accuracy of subsequent cycle and front identical; Directly use this thinking, this self-timing of first slave will make primitive period regularly measure the transmission time of a leading above-mentioned byte, and second slave just needs the transmission time of leading above-mentioned two bytes, the rest may be inferred, in the transmission time of the leading N of a N slave byte, like this, the leading amount that each slave requires is different, depend on their priority positions in series loop, the difference of this value can increase the difficulty of realization and reduce precision.
But the timing in multibyte transmission time was regularly compared with the transmission time of byte, and above-mentioned way must accumulate out bigger error; Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of improving one's methods again for this reason, this method make each slave only need manage on the basis of primitive period leading phase with transmission time of an above-mentioned byte just passable.Be not difficult to find, though the leading amount of this of the relative main frame of each slave is different, but it is with respect to all identical that is to say 1 bytes of serial communication transmission time of leading amount of the previous slave in the series loop, utilize this characteristics, we change idea, two slaves that front and back are adjacent, previous slave is regarded as the main frame of a back slave, with this visual angle, each slave front directly is exactly a main frame, a plurality of priority levels of having been said above slave has not had are inferior, thereby also just needn't be concerned about own particular location in series loop, and then need the leading of above-mentioned several times of byte transmission times.The specific practice of this kind principal and subordinate method for synchronous is exactly the synchronizing signal that each slave is not transmitted main frame, but send synchronizing signal to next slave on one's own initiative, this synchronizing signal delivery time begins the very moment of a process at it certainly exactly, be as the criterion with its self-timing, and this self-timing is corrected through said process; In the series loop of system, see from back to front, the N slave synchronously from the N-1 slave, the synchronization accuracy of N slave depends on the N-1 slave so; And the N-1 slave depends on the more N-2 slave of front, reasoning is gone down, up to first slave, its precision depends on the main frame of its front, and whole like this process is just perfect, and main frame is by this series loop, its synchronization accuracy is transmitted in slave step by step, finally run through all slaves, so far, the principal and subordinate's stationary problem in the serial communication method has just solved.
The solution of the principal and subordinate's method for synchronous among the present invention, make the automatic recognition function of narrating previously of the present invention that actual purposes really arranged, it can substitute traditional also tie means of communication with complete and stronger function, has simplified the complexity of wiring, has prolonged the distance of communication.
Claims (3)
1. a multiple spot is discerned and the synchronous serial communication method of principal and subordinate automatically, and it is characterized in that: it is made up of self-recognition methods and principal and subordinate's machine method for synchronous of slave;
The self-recognition methods of described slave is:
(1) main frame adopts ordered data format order string, that is: give the instruction of the instruction of first slave → give second slave → → give the instruction of N slave; Have two classes in the slave instruction: actual instruction and dummy instruction, main frame send instructions for which platform slave, then insert actual instruction in the corresponding instruction piece, otherwise insert dummy instruction;
(2) slave adopts the diminishing method reading command, that is: after first slave is received the instruction that main frame sends, read the content in first instruction block, if actual instruction is just according to execution, hand down since second slave instruction with being about to the subsequent instructions that main frame transmits, do not transmit the first original block instruction of main frame; Second slave is received first block instruction in the new instruction that first slave sends over, actual is the second original block instruction of main frame, subsequently also as first slave, is that actual instruction is just according to execution, abandon the present instruction piece immediately, and the subsequent content of instruction is handed down; Each slave subsequently also hands down successively according to above-mentioned identical method; The instruction of each slave that main frame sends can correctly be read respectively by all slaves;
(3) slave adopts inverted order data command form, and add data with increment method: each data block of described slave is incrementally added respectively by the slave of correspondence, the ordering of Xing Chenging is an inverted order from back to front at last, that is to say that it passes to second slave with the data block of oneself if first from confidential transmission data; If second slave simultaneously also has data to send, it sets up oneself a actual blocks of data so, otherwise sets up an empty data block; It sends the data block of oneself earlier, transmits the data block of first slave subsequently; Other slave is also according to above-mentioned same method action;
Described principal and subordinate's machine method for synchronous is the method for synchronous that slave adopts self-timing, that is to say that main frame sends first synchronizing signal after the some time that powers on, and meanwhile, each slave begins motor synchronizing constantly regularly in identical powering on; Also be to immobilize in the cycle interval time that main frame is sent out between each synchronizing signal, so main frame can send follow-up synchronizing signal at interval according to certain regular time; Each slave also is like this, uses the self-timing amount identical with main frame to decide oneself synchronization point, so send moment of second synchronizing signal at main frame, slave is also by self regularly beginning second progress of work; Later slave is respectively according to above-mentioned same method action.
2. multiple spot as claimed in claim 1 is identification and the synchronous serial communication method of principal and subordinate automatically, it is characterized in that: also comprise the constant mark that is located at head and the tail respectively in the order structure of the main frame in the self-recognition methods of described slave and the data structure of slave, that is to say that head and the tail in the host command structure add respectively that host command begins sign and host command finishes to identify; Add respectively from machine data at the head and the tail of the data structure of each slave and to begin sign and the slave ED identifies.
3. multiple spot as claimed in claim 1 is identification and the synchronous serial communication method of principal and subordinate automatically, it is characterized in that: described principal and subordinate's machine method for synchronous also comprises the synchronous correction of slave, that is: principal and subordinate's method for synchronous is not transmitted the synchronizing signal of main frame for each slave, but send synchronizing signal to next slave on one's own initiative, this synchronizing signal delivery time begins a process simultaneously at it, be as the criterion with its self-timing, and this self-timing is through revising synchronously; In the loop in the whole means of communication, see from back to front, the N slave synchronously from the N-1 slave, the synchronization accuracy of N slave depends on the N-1 slave so; And the N-1 slave depends on the more N-2 slave of front, and the rest may be inferred, and up to first slave, and the precision of first slave depends on the main frame of front.
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| TWI495969B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-08-11 | Pegatron Corp | Method for automatically determining the sequence of multiple machines |
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