CN114449051B

CN114449051B - Data packet transmission method and communication equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114449051B
Application number: CN202111619473.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱博; 双炜; 喻竹希; 李波; 王璇
Original assignee: Aerospace Xingyun Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Aerospace Xingyun Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-27
Filing date: 2021-12-27
Publication date: 2022-12-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-27
Also published as: CN114449051A

Abstract

The application provides a data packet transmission method, a data packet transmission device and communication equipment, which are used for introducing a header conversion mechanism based on a dynamic context mapping mechanism to ensure that the normal conversion between a header and an identifier thereof can be normally realized when data transmission is carried out between terminal equipment and gateway equipment. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a first communication device receives an initial data packet transmitted by a second communication device; the first communication equipment extracts a target DVM index value transmitted along with the initial data packet; the first communication equipment searches a target header matched with a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, the DVM unit set stores matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, and each DVM unit is constructed by the first communication equipment or the second communication equipment and is synchronized in real time; the first communication device reduces the initial packet to a destination packet based on the destination header.

Description

Data packet transmission method and communication equipment

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method for transmitting a data packet and a communication device.

Background

A long-felt vision in the development of the Internet of things is to provide users with an open, internet-compatible and interoperable network environment. In order to achieve the aim, the technology of the internet of things is firstly compatible with the existing TCP/IP protocol stack in terms of communication protocols; and secondly, the Internet of things is a network environment with limited resources, so that the Internet of things has the characteristics of low speed, low power consumption and ubiquitous connection. Therefore, when the Internet of things technology is integrated with the Internet, targeted optimization in terms of data transmission efficiency is required.

In view of The above two requirements, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has specially established a Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) working group, and is dedicated to research and perfecting a protocol stack of LPWAN, so that The LPWAN has better adaptability, and a Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) mechanism is proposed on The basis of The working group, which aims to solve The problems of Compression of a long Header of The protocol stack and message segmentation transmission, for example, the Header of IPv6 is as long as 40 bytes, and is too lengthy for Internet of things messages, and a Header Compression method is required to improve transmission efficiency.

The SCHC mechanism takes advantage of LPWAN characteristics: 1) The star topology structure, the gateway is in the central position, can connect a plurality of terminals at the same time, the transmission between terminal and gateway only needs one hop. 2) Most of the traffic between the terminal and the gateway can be predicted in advance because the header contents exchanged between each other can be determined at the beginning of the network construction according to the communication protocol, i.e. the context relationship between the gateway and the terminal remains static for a long time.

The SCHC mechanism can utilize the static context environment to realize the compression and decompression of the data header, and its main realization idea is that, firstly, both data interaction parties commonly maintain a set of mapping relationship table of header field and identifier, the sender uses some identifiers to replace the original header (compression), then according to the known mapping relationship of both parties, after the receiver receives the compressed data, it inquires the matched header field in the mapping relationship table according to the identifiers, and then recovers the original header (decompression).

However, in the existing research process of related technologies, the inventor finds that after the LPWAN is fused with the Internet, the LPWAN terminal may be accessed by any user on the Internet at any time, so that the downlink traffic is no longer predictable in advance, that is, the static context relationship cannot be maintained all the time, some preset compression rules will fail, and the header and the identifier cannot be normally converted, thereby reducing the use efficiency of the SCHC mechanism and generating a large amount of incompressible messages.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a data packet transmission method, a data packet transmission device and communication equipment, which are used for overcoming the problem that a header and an identifier cannot be normally converted under some conditions of an SCHC (simple control channel) mechanism, and introducing the header conversion mechanism based on a dynamic context mapping mechanism to ensure that the header and the identifier can be normally converted when data is transmitted between terminal equipment and gateway equipment, so that the size of a data packet in a communication link can be stably and precisely simplified, and the network transmission efficiency is ensured.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for transmitting a data packet, where the method includes:

the method comprises the steps that a first communication device receives an initial data packet transmitted by a second communication device, wherein one of the first communication device and the second communication device is a terminal device, and the other one of the first communication device and the second communication device is a gateway device;

extracting a target Dynamic Virtual Mapping (DVM) index value transmitted along with an initial data packet by a first communication device;

the method comprises the steps that a first communication device searches a target header matched with a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, wherein the DVM unit set stores matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, each DVM unit is constructed by the first communication device or a second communication device and keeps synchronization in the aspect of an available state, and the target index value is obtained by the second communication device according to the target header corresponding to an initial data packet compressed by the locally stored DVM unit set;

the first communication device reverts the initial packet to a destination packet based on the destination header.

With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, different headers related to a matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set are specifically headers that are determined to be not found in the SCHC mechanism.

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, the DVM unit set is defined in a matching operation rule item in an SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism, and is stored in a target value rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism.

With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set is obtained by constructing an index value of matching of a header used in a preset time when the first communication device or the second communication device determines that the header used in the preset time period exists.

With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime, and the unit lifetime indicates an effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit;

in the process that a first communication device searches a target header matched with a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, if the target DVM index value and the target unit survival time length corresponding to the target header are expired or cleared, the target header is discarded;

if the first communication device restores the initial packet to the target packet based on the target header, and the first communication device is a terminal device, the method further includes:

and the first communication equipment updates the target DVM index value and the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header.

With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, the method further includes:

the first communication equipment acquires a data packet to be sent and extracts a header of the data packet to be sent;

the first communication equipment judges whether the header of a data packet to be sent has a matching relation in the DVM unit set;

if the data packet exists in the DVM unit set, the first communication device replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value matched with the header of the data packet to be sent according to the matching relation of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device;

if the data packet does not exist in the DVM unit set, the first communication device searches an idle DVM unit in the DVM unit set, writes a matching relation between a header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent in the idle DVM unit, replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device.

With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect of the present application, the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime, and the unit lifetime indicates an effective usage duration corresponding to the DVM unit;

if the unit lifetime corresponding to the matching relation of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set is expired or cleared, the first communication device gives up replacing the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent;

if the unit survival time length carried by the idle DVM unit is expired or cleared, the first communication equipment abandons the matching relation between the header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent written in the idle DVM unit;

if the first communication device replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device, the method further includes:

and the first communication equipment updates the unit lifetime corresponding to the matching relation of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for transmitting a data packet, where the apparatus is applied to a first communication device, and the apparatus includes:

the receiving unit is used for receiving an initial data packet transmitted by second communication equipment, wherein one of the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment is terminal equipment, and the other one is gateway equipment;

the extraction unit is used for extracting a target DVM index value transmitted along with the initial data packet;

the device comprises a searching unit, a searching unit and a judging unit, wherein the searching unit is used for searching a target header matched with a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, the DVM unit set stores matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set is constructed by first communication equipment or second communication equipment and keeps synchronization in the aspect of an available state, and the target index value is obtained by the second communication equipment according to the target header corresponding to an initial data packet compressed by the locally stored DVM unit set;

and the restoring unit is used for restoring the initial data packet into the target data packet based on the target header.

With reference to the second aspect of the present application, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, different headers related to a matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set are specifically headers that are determined to be not found in the SCHC mechanism and corresponding to the matching relationship.

With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, in a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, the DVM unit set is defined in the matching operation rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism, and is stored in the target value rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism.

With reference to the second aspect of the present application, in a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set is obtained by constructing an index value of matching of a header used in a preset time when the first communication device or the second communication device determines that the header used in the preset time period exists.

With reference to the second aspect of the present application, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime, where the unit lifetime indicates an effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit;

in the process that the first communication device searches a target header matched with the target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, if the target DVM index value and the target unit survival time corresponding to the target header are expired or cleared, the search unit discards the target header;

the device still includes:

and the updating unit is used for updating the target DVM index value and the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header if the restoring unit restores the initial data packet into the target data packet based on the target header and the first communication device is the terminal device.

With reference to the second aspect of the present application, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, the apparatus further includes a compressing unit, configured to:

acquiring a data packet to be sent and extracting a header of the data packet to be sent;

judging whether a header of a data packet to be sent has a matching relation in the DVM unit set or not;

if the updated data packet exists in the DVM unit set, replacing the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value matched with the header of the data packet to be sent according to the matching relation of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set, and transmitting the updated data packet to the second communication equipment;

if the data packet does not exist in the DVM unit set, searching an idle DVM unit in the DVM unit set, writing a matching relation between a header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent in the idle DVM unit, replacing the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent, and transmitting the updated data packet to the second communication device.

In combination with the fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime, and the unit lifetime indicates an effective usage duration corresponding to the DVM unit;

if the unit survival time corresponding to the matching relation of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set is expired or cleared, giving up the replacement of the header of the data packet to be sent by the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent;

if the unit survival time carried by the idle DVM unit is expired or cleared, writing a matching relation between the header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent in the idle DVM unit;

the device still includes:

and the updating unit is used for updating the unit lifetime corresponding to the matching relationship of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set if the compressing unit replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication device, including a processor and a memory, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the method provided by the first aspect of the present application or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect of the present application when calling the computer program in the memory.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor to perform the method provided in the first aspect of the present application or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect of the present application.

As can be seen from the above, the present application has the following advantageous effects:

aiming at the problem that a header and an identifier cannot be normally converted under some conditions in an SCHC mechanism, a header conversion mechanism based on a dynamic context mapping mechanism is introduced, a DVM unit set is shared on both sides of a terminal device and a gateway device in real time, matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers are stored in the DVM unit set, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, each DVM unit is constructed by a first communication device or a second communication device, and the matching relations between synchronous headers and DVM index values (identifiers) are kept between the terminal device and the gateway device in an available state through the DVM units, so that the header can be compressed into the DVM index values in the transmission process of a data packet, a receiver of the data packet can find the header matched with the DVM index values in the DVM unit set to complete decompression of the header, and thus complete reduction of the data packet, and further compared with the existing SCHC mechanism, the size of the data packet in a communication link can be stably refined, and network transmission efficiency can be guaranteed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for transmitting a data packet according to the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of header compression by a gateway device according to the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of compressing a header by a terminal device according to the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a scenario of header decompression by a gateway device according to the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of a scenario of decompressing a header by a terminal device according to the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of a scenario of a transmission method of a data packet according to the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a device for transmitting data packets according to the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The naming or numbering of the steps appearing in the present application does not mean that the steps in the method flow have to be executed in the chronological/logical order indicated by the naming or numbering, and the named or numbered process steps may be executed in a modified order depending on the technical purpose to be achieved, as long as the same or similar technical effects are achieved.

The division of the modules presented in this application is a logical division, and in practical applications, there may be another division, for example, multiple modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed, and in addition, the shown or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between the modules may be in an electrical or other similar form, which is not limited in this application. The modules or sub-modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, may or may not be physical modules, or may be distributed in a plurality of circuit modules, and some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present disclosure.

Before describing the method for transmitting data packets provided in the present application, the background related to the present application will be described first.

The method, the device and the computer readable storage medium for transmitting the data packet are applied to communication equipment, wherein the communication equipment can be specifically terminal equipment or gateway equipment, and is used for overcoming the problem that the header and the identifier cannot be normally converted under some conditions of an SCHC (simple control channel over hybrid control channel) mechanism, and introducing a header conversion mechanism based on a dynamic context mapping mechanism to ensure that the header and the identifier can be normally converted when data is transmitted between the terminal equipment and the gateway equipment, so that the size of the data packet in a communication link can be stably simplified, and the network transmission efficiency can be ensured.

In the packet transmission method mentioned in the present application, the execution subject may be a packet transmission apparatus, or a gateway device or a terminal device integrated with the packet transmission apparatus.

The gateway device may provide gateway services in a network architecture, and the communication device may implement a network interconnection function above a network layer, and the terminal device may be a server, a physical host, or a User Equipment (UE) at a terminal position in the network architecture, where the UE may specifically be a terminal device such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), and the communication device may also be set in a device cluster manner.

Further, returning to the application scenario of the internet of things, typically, the terminal device may be a processing device in an internet of things architecture and an internet of things network, and the data transmission work related to the processing device is performed in the form of a data packet, which relates to an interaction process between the terminal device and the gateway device, and the data transmission work may be performed in the form of a data packet.

Next, a method for transmitting a packet provided by the present application will be described.

First, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a transmission method of a data packet according to the present application, and the transmission method of a data packet according to the present application may specifically include the following steps S101 to S104:

step S101, a first communication device receives an initial data packet transmitted by a second communication device, wherein one of the first communication device and the second communication device is a terminal device, and the other one is a gateway device;

it can be seen that, the embodiment shown in fig. 1 does not specifically limit whether the executing party is the terminal device or the gateway device, and considering that the processing of the data packet can be considered to have symmetrical characteristics on the terminal device side and the gateway device side, based on the characteristics briefly described, the transmission method of the data packet provided in the present application is described in a generalized manner from the perspective of the data receiving party.

In practical application, if the first communication device is a terminal device, the second communication device is a gateway device; and if the first communication equipment is gateway equipment, the second communication equipment is terminal equipment.

Step S102, the first communication equipment extracts a target DVM index value transmitted along with the initial data packet;

it is understood that the first communication device receives the initial data packet from the second communication device, the header of the data packet has been compressed by the second communication data packet, the compression result is caused by the target DV mentioned herein, and the following step S103 refers to the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism of the present application.

When the initial data packet is received, a target DVM index value corresponding to the header of the original data packet is transmitted along with the initial data packet, and the target DVM index value can be understood as an identifier of the header of the original data packet of the initial data packet.

Wherein, the DVM index value can be carried in the header position of the initial data packet, and is used to replace the header of the original data packet; alternatively, the DVM index value may be carried in a location other than the original header location in the initial packet; even more, the DVM index value may be independent of the initial data packet, and may be transmitted to the first communication device in another signaling message, so that the matching relationship between the initial data packet and the target DVM index value may be identified.

Step S103, the first communication device searches a target header matched with a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, wherein the DVM unit set stores matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, each DVM unit is constructed by the first communication device or the second communication device and keeps synchronization in an available state, and the target index value is obtained by the second communication device according to the target header corresponding to the locally stored DVM unit set compressed initial data packet;

for the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism constructed in the present application, it may be understood that, in a compressor or a decompressor associated with a header of a terminal device and a gateway device, a set of DVM mapping units (DVM unit set) is respectively established and maintained, and a DVM index value is respectively configured for each DVM unit, where a matching relationship between the DVM index value and a header thereof is stored in each DVM unit, and the matching relationship may also be referred to as a mapping relationship.

In the early stage of construction, before the device is initialized, the terminal device and the gateway device may establish (define) a set of DVM units (DVM unit set) with a certain length in advance, and how many DVM units are needed to be configured during the device initialization.

In the normal usage phase, synchronization (maintenance) is maintained in terms of the available state with respect to the set of DVM elements, including:

1) DVM units initially established by the two parties need to be consistent on basic parameters such as unit length, number, index numbers and the like;

2) If the parameters of the DVM unit are to be updated, including the stored matching relationship, both sides need to be updated synchronously and keep consistent.

In an application stage of the DVM unit, taking the gateway device as a data sending party as an example, the gateway device maps a header (which may be recorded as a header field to be compressed) of a data packet to be sent into one DVM unit first, reads a DVM index value of the DVM unit, then compresses the DVM index value, and sends the DVM index value to the terminal device along with the compressed initial data packet.

After receiving the initial data packet, the terminal device performs operation according to the decompression flow to reconstruct the header, finds the corresponding DVM unit according to the DVM index value sent along with the initial data packet and extracts the real header (which is the header field to be compressed mentioned in the previous paragraph) from the DVM unit, so as to restore the data packet to be sent at the initial gateway device side and complete one-time data exchange.

In step S104, the first communication device restores the initial packet to the destination packet based on the destination header.

As described in step S103, after the target header matching the current initial packet is obtained in the DVM unit set, the initial packet may be restored to the target packet based on the target header, where the target packet is the packet that the second communication device side originally intends to send to the first communication device.

As can be seen from the above, for the problem that the SCHC mechanism cannot normally convert the header and the identifier under some conditions, the present application introduces a header conversion mechanism based on a dynamic context mapping mechanism, and shares a DVM unit set on both sides of the terminal device and the gateway device in real time, where the DVM unit set stores matching relationships between different DVM index values and different headers, and each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relationship, and is constructed by the first communication device or the second communication device, and the DVM unit keeps a matching relationship between a synchronization header and a DVM index value (identifier) in an available state between the terminal device and the gateway device, so that during transmission of a packet, the header can be compressed into the DVM index value, and a receiver of the packet can find the header matching the DVM index value in the DVM unit set, complete decompression of the header, thus complete restoration of the packet, and further can stably refine the size of the packet in a communication link compared with the existing SCHC mechanism, and simplify transmission efficiency of a network.

The steps of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and the possible implementation manner thereof in practical applications will be described in detail.

It can be understood that the present application is proposed based on the SCHC mechanism, and in practical applications, in addition to replacing the original SCHC mechanism in the internet of things network, the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism provided by the present application can be introduced based on the existing SCHC mechanism, so that under the condition that the original SCHC mechanism is retained and the conversion processing of most general types of messages and identifiers can be realized, the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism of the present application solves the conversion processing of messages and identifiers that is difficult or impossible to complete by the SCHC mechanism, thus not only solving the problem that the SCHC mechanism in the existing network architecture cannot ensure that all messages can be normally converted, but also being conveniently and smoothly applied to the existing network architecture and having the characteristic of being softly transplanted into a specific application scenario.

For example, different headers related to the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set may specifically be headers that are determined to be unable to find a corresponding matching relationship in the SCHC mechanism, for example, headers that are abnormally converted during the operation of the SCHC mechanism in a historical time period, for example, headers that are manually configured and are considered to be unsuitable for the SCHC mechanism, and the like.

In addition, the header translation mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism provided in the present application may refer to the existing SCHC mechanism setup in some details.

For example, in the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism, for data processing related to the compression of the header by the data sender (converting the header field into the DVM index identifier), an SCHC compression mode (mainly similar in flow) may be adopted; similarly, the data processing involved in the decompression of the header (converting the DVM index value into the header field) at the data receiving side can be performed in an SCHC decompression manner (mainly similar in flow).

In addition, as another practical implementation manner, the DVM unit set is defined in a Matching Operator (MO) rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism and is stored in a Target Value rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism, so that the DVM unit set is better integrated into a specific application scene in which the SCHC mechanism exists.

Further, as another practical implementation manner, the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set may be constructed based on a header that cannot be normally converted by the SCHC mechanism, and in practical applications, the matching relationship may also be constructed by constructing an index value of a header match used in a preset time when the first communication device or the second communication device determines that there is a header used in the preset time period.

It is easy to understand that the SCHC mechanism is directed to a header having a general characteristic or a characteristic of high frequency usage, and for some headers that are more specific and less frequently used, the header conversion requirement of the header can be met through the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism of the present application, and the headers can be specifically determined as headers used in a preset time period, that is, headers used in a short time period, so that the details of the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism of the present application in actual application are more finely extended, and the application range is wider.

Moreover, as can be seen from the matching relationship in the DVM unit constructed for the header used within the preset time period, the header related to the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism in the present application may have a time attribute, which may be a time attribute related to the requirement of using the header in practical applications, and in another practical implementation, may also be a time attribute that the header related to the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism in the present application is constrained, that is, in addition to constructing the header conversion relationship for the header used in a short time (one time attribute), the valid use time (another time attribute) may be set for the constructed header conversion relationship.

That is, each DVM unit, in addition to storing the matching relationship between the basic header and the DVM index value, may also carry a unit lifetime, where the unit lifetime is used to indicate the effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit, and if the DVM fails, obviously, the matching relationship between the stored header and the DVM index value is expired or cleared, and cannot be used continuously.

Under the arrangement, in practical application, the system can be promoted to automatically and dynamically update different matching relations stored in the DVM unit set, and the overdue matching relations can be automatically cleared, so that the effects of optimizing and simplifying the storage space are achieved.

Furthermore, in this setting, the DVM unit has a lifetime and can be reused after the lifetime expires. Therefore, the DVM unit establishes a mechanism similar to the dynamic context relationship, and can reduce the number of context synchronization times and the number of context synchronization between the gateway device and the terminal device, thereby further reducing the consumption of network resources.

Correspondingly, returning to a specific transmission scenario of the data packet, in the process that the first communication device searches for the target header matched with the target DVM index value from the locally stored DVM unit set, if the target DVM index value and the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header have expired or are cleared, the target header may be discarded.

For example, the target header may be discarded when it is retrieved or extracted; alternatively, the lookup may be interrupted while the target header is being looked up; alternatively, the lookup may be aborted directly before looking up the target header.

And if the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header is not expired or cleared, the first communication device may perform normal execution to restore the initial packet to the target packet based on the target header. On the basis, a special setting exists, if the unit lifetime of the DVM unit indicates the remaining effective use times in a countdown mode in practical application, the countdown processing on the remaining effective use times can be involved in the use process, so that the use duration of the DVM unit and the occupation of the storage space are further accurately and simply restrained.

In the countdown processing of the remaining effective use times in the unit lifetime of the DVM unit, the present application considers that the execution can be performed only when the data receiver, that is, the first communication device, is a terminal device, that is, the first communication device updates the target DVM index value and the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header. When the data receiver is the gateway device, the application considers that only the release of the DVM unit can be involved in the data transmission process between the terminal device and the gateway device, and the countdown processing of the remaining effective use times on the unit lifetime of the DVM unit is not needed.

It is understood that the above description is mainly described in terms of a data receiver during data transmission, and at a data receiver, decompression processing on a header (restoring the header with a DVM index value) is mainly involved, while compression processing on a data sender side (compressing the header with a DVM index value) may be further included for the entire data transmission process.

For convenience of description, the first communication device is still used as an execution object of the compression processing, and it is understood that the data packet involved in the compression processing executed by the first communication device and the data packet sent by the second communication device to the first communication device are not the same data packet, and the relationship between the data packets involved in different data transmission processes may vary according to the service rule involved in a specific application scenario, and is not limited herein.

As another practical implementation, the compression process performed by the first communication device may include the following:

It can be seen that, in the compression process, it is first required to find whether there is a matching relationship that can be used already in the DVM unit, and if there is no matching relationship, it may also involve finding an idle unit to construct a new matching relationship, where it can be understood that the number of DVM units in the general DVM unit set can satisfy a larger number of usage requirements in the preset, and if there is a situation that there is no idle DVM unit after use, it may also continue to create a new DVM unit as a new idle DVM unit for use.

In addition, further in combination with the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, the DVM unit may further carry a unit lifetime thereof to indicate the effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit, in this case, in the compression process, the update of the unit lifetime may also be involved, specifically:

From the above, it can be seen again that, in the present application, the unit lifetime mechanism introduced in the header compression process is considered for practical application, so that the usage duration of the DVM unit and the occupation of the storage space can be further accurately, simply and conveniently constrained, and the simplified application of the header conversion mechanism based on the dynamic context mapping mechanism of the present application is realized.

For convenience of understanding, the four aspects referred to in the foregoing, namely, the gateway device compressed header, the terminal device compressed header, the gateway device decompressed header, and the terminal device decompressed header, may also be understood from the exemplary examples in conjunction with fig. 2 to 5, and the scene diagrams of the four aspects are respectively shown.

As the configuration processing before the actual application, it may include:

in the SCHC rule base, a new matching operator is redefined in the matching operation rule item, and the new matching operator is named as DVM related to the application.

In the SCHC rule base, a set of available DVM cell lists, such as [ (DVM 1), (DVM 2), … … ], is redefined in the target value rule term, and the number of DVM cells in the list may be an integer power of 2.

The DVM unit includes three parts: 1) DVM index value. 2) The actual value. 3) And (4) survival time. Wherein, the DVM index value can be preset to an initial value (such as 0); the actual value is used for storing the actual value of the header field to be compressed at the gateway side, namely the header; the survival time is a countdown timer which can be set at an initial value, and the minimum value is 0, namely the unit survival time. Note that this value is now empty on the terminal side, the DVM index value and the actual value must be of the same type and size for the header field to be processed, otherwise the operation will be erroneous.

In practical applications, the four aspects mentioned above can be included:

1. gateway device compressed header (corresponding to FIG. 2)

(1) Determining a data flow direction according to the position of a compression starting side, and configuring a flow direction identifier DI = Down and a matching operator MO = DVM-Mapping;

the initiating side refers to whether the DVM compression is initiated by the terminal device or the gateway device. If it is terminal device → gateway device, it is defined as uplink traffic, otherwise, gateway → terminal, it is defined as downlink traffic, and different flow directions determine the configuration of indication Index (DI) field in the rule base, for example, when downlink traffic is matched with compression rule, DI = Down.

It is understood that the setting of the data flow is the scene determination and scene restoration usage that can be involved in the actual application.

(2) Judging whether the header field establishes a mapping relation with the DVM unit;

the judgment process can be processed by software polling, if the header to be compressed finds an available DVM unit, the corresponding index value can be obtained, otherwise, the next one is continuously found until all units in the DVM unit list are unavailable, the fact that the mapping relation cannot be established is prompted, and the DVM operation is unavailable.

(3) If the mapping relation exists, executing corresponding compression operation, and if the mapping relation does not exist, continuously judging whether an available DVM unit exists;

(4) If the DVM unit which can be used is found, the header field is written into the unit, and then the corresponding compression operation is executed and the survival time of the unit is updated; if no available DVM unit exists, continuously judging whether a DVM unit which is expired (released due to the expiration of the time-to-live) exists;

(5) If the DVM unit which is out of date exists, writing the DVM unit with a header value, and then executing corresponding compression operation and updating the survival time of the unit; if no DVM unit which is expired exists, a prompt of 'the DVM operation is unavailable' is returned.

2. Terminal equipment compressed header (corresponding to FIG. 3)

(1) Determining data flow direction according to the position of a compression initiating side, and configuring a flow direction identifier DI = UP and a matching operator MO = DVM-Mapping;

(2) Judging whether a mapping relation between the header field and the DVM unit is established or not;

(4) If the DVM unit which can be used is found, the header field is written into the unit, and then the corresponding compression operation is executed and the survival time of the unit is updated; if no available DVM unit exists, continuing to judge whether a DVM unit which is expired (released due to the expiration of the survival time) exists;

(5) If the DVM unit which is out of date exists, writing the DVM unit with a header value, and then executing corresponding compression operation and updating the survival time of the unit; if no DVM unit which has expired exists, a prompt of 'the DVM operation is unavailable' is returned.

3. Gateway device decompression header (corresponding to fig. 4)

(1) Determining a data flow direction according to the position of a compression initiating side, and configuring a flow direction identifier DI = Up and a matching operator MO = DVM-Mapping;

(2) And executing corresponding decompression operation, and restoring the header by using the DVM index value corresponding to the actual value stored in the DVM unit.

4. Terminal equipment decompression header (corresponding to FIG. 5)

(2) And executing corresponding decompression operation, restoring the header by using the DVM index value corresponding To the actual value saved in the DVM unit, and updating the survival Time of the DVM unit according To the Time To Live (TTL) value in the compression/decompression (C/D) operation.

The foregoing exemplary description is continued with an example by referring to a scene diagram of the transmission method of the data packet of the present application shown in fig. 6.

Suppose an LPWAN terminal uses a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) service to initiate a POST request to an IPv6 Application server on the Internet, and then receives a response message from the server, which is analogous to a scenario where an external CoAP/HTTP client, as a typical type, sends an aperiodic message to the LPWAN terminal.

The compression rule base used in this scenario is shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 rule base

For this application example, the global IPV6 prefix (IPv 6 DEVprefix) of the terminal is alpha:/64, and the device ID part (IPv 6 DEViid) may depend on its MAC address. The CoAP in the terminal runs on a UDP5678 port, and the target source path is/r. The CoAP types are consistent in uplink and downlink, and the command codes are (0.02) and ACK (0.00), respectively. Furthermore, values for UDPLength and UDPchksum are negligible, since the decompressor can recalculate these values depending on the protocol of the lower layers (values of certain fields in the transport layer can be calculated by the protocol below the transport layer). Thus, all known header fields for which the compressor does not send anything but for which the decompressor needs to reconstruct the header using these saved values are still saved in the rule base.

The DVM method in this scenario is mainly used for performing compression/decompression operations on a prefix portion (IPv 6 APPprefix) and an ID portion (IPv 6 apppid) of an IPv6 address of a user, a port number (udpapport) in a UDP header, and a message ID field (CoAPMID) in a CoAP header. Because the values of these fields are different between different data streams, the existing SCHC method is not compressible, but the DVM method referred to in this application can handle.

As shown in the rule base in table 1 above, the present application defines two DVM units to participate in compression/decompression, and processes the fields that cannot be compressed by the SCHC by using the DVM units according to the data processing proposed by the present application, so that the data traffic between the terminal and the gateway can still be transmitted in a compressed state, thereby stably reducing the communication overhead.

The above is an introduction of the method for transmitting a data packet provided by the present application, and in order to better implement the method for transmitting a data packet provided by the present application, the present application further provides a device for transmitting a data packet from the perspective of a functional module.

Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission device for data packets according to the present application, in which the transmission device 700 for data packets may specifically include the following structure:

a receiving unit 701, configured to receive an initial data packet transmitted by a second communication device, where one of the first communication device and the second communication device is a terminal device, and the other is a gateway device;

an extracting unit 702, configured to extract a target DVM index value transmitted with an initial data packet;

the searching unit 703 is configured to search for a target header matching a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, where the DVM unit set stores matching relationships between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relationship, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set is constructed by the first communication device or the second communication device and keeps synchronization in an available state, and the target index value is obtained by the second communication device by compressing the target header corresponding to the initial packet according to the locally stored DVM unit set;

a restoring unit 704, configured to restore the initial packet to the target packet based on the target header.

In an exemplary implementation manner, different headers involved in the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set are specifically headers determined to be unable to find a corresponding matching relationship in the SCHC mechanism.

In another exemplary implementation manner, the DVM unit set is defined in the matching operation rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism, and is stored in the target value rule item in the SCHC rule base corresponding to the SCHC mechanism.

In another exemplary implementation manner, the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set is obtained by constructing an index value of matching of a header used in a preset time when the first communication device or the second communication device determines that there is a header used in the preset time period.

In another exemplary implementation, the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime indicating an effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit;

the device still includes:

an updating unit 705, configured to update the target DVM index value and the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header if the restoring unit restores the initial packet to the target packet based on the target header and the first communication device is a terminal device.

In yet another exemplary implementation, the apparatus further includes a compressing unit 706 configured to:

judging whether the header of a data packet to be sent has a matching relation in the DVM unit set;

if the data packet exists, replacing the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value matched with the header of the data packet to be sent according to the matching relation of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set, and transmitting the updated data packet to the second communication device;

if the unit survival time length carried by the idle DVM unit is expired or cleared, writing a matching relation between the header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent in the idle DVM unit;

the device still includes:

an updating unit 705, configured to update a unit lifetime corresponding to a matching relationship existing in the DVM unit set for the header of the data packet to be sent if the compressing unit replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device.

The present application further provides a communication device from a hardware structure perspective, referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of the communication device of the present application, the communication device of the present application may be a terminal device or a gateway device, specifically, the communication device of the present application may include a processor 801, a memory 802, and an input/output device 803, and when the processor 801 is used to execute a computer program stored in the memory 802, each step of the transmission method for the data packet in the corresponding embodiment of fig. 1 is implemented; alternatively, the processor 801 is configured to implement the functions of the units in the corresponding embodiment shown in fig. 7 when executing the computer program stored in the memory 802, and the memory 802 is configured to store the computer program required by the processor 801 to execute the method for transmitting the data packet in the corresponding embodiment shown in fig. 1.

Illustratively, a computer program may be partitioned into one or more modules/units, which are stored in the memory 802 and executed by the processor 801 to accomplish the present application. One or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing certain functions, the instruction segments being used to describe the execution of a computer program in a computer device.

The communication devices may include, but are not limited to, a processor 801, memory 802, input output devices 803. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the illustration is merely an example of a communication device and does not constitute a limitation of a communication device and may include more or less components than those illustrated, or combine certain components, or different components, e.g., the communication device may also include a network access device, bus, etc., through which the processor 801, memory 802, input output device 803, etc., are coupled.

The Processor 801 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like, the processor being the control center for the communication device and the various interfaces and lines connecting the various parts of the overall device.

The memory 802 may be used to store computer programs and/or modules, and the processor 801 may implement various functions of the computer device by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory 802 and invoking data stored in the memory 802. The memory 802 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data created according to use of the communication apparatus, and the like. In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.

The processor 801, when executing the computer program stored in the memory 802, may specifically implement the following functions:

receiving an initial data packet transmitted by second communication equipment, wherein one of the first communication equipment and the second communication equipment is terminal equipment, and the other one is gateway equipment;

extracting a target DVM index value transmitted with the initial data packet;

searching a target header matched with a target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, wherein the DVM unit set stores matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, each DVM unit is constructed by first communication equipment or second communication equipment and keeps synchronization in the aspect of available state, and the target index value is obtained by the second communication equipment according to the target header corresponding to an initial data packet compressed by the locally stored DVM unit set;

based on the target header, the initial packet is restored to the target packet.

It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described transmission apparatus for data packets, the communication device and the corresponding units thereof may refer to the description of the transmission method for data packets in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1, and are not described herein again in detail.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of the methods of the above embodiments may be performed by instructions or by associated hardware controlled by the instructions, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

For this reason, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a plurality of instructions are stored, where the instructions can be loaded by a processor to execute the steps of the transmission method of the data packet in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1 in the present application, and specific operations may refer to the description of the transmission method of the data packet in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1, which is not repeated herein.

Wherein the computer-readable storage medium may include: read Only Memory (ROM), random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic or optical disks, and the like.

Since the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can execute the steps of the method for transmitting the data packet in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the method for transmitting the data packet in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 1 can be achieved, which are described in detail in the foregoing description and are not repeated herein.

The foregoing detailed description is directed to a method, an apparatus, a communication device, and a computer-readable storage medium for transmitting a data packet provided by the present application, and a specific example is applied in the present application to explain the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the description of the foregoing embodiment is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting data packets, the method comprising:

a first communication device receives an initial data packet transmitted by a second communication device, wherein one of the first communication device and the second communication device is a terminal device, and the other one is a gateway device;

the first communication equipment extracts a target dynamic virtual mapping DVM index value transmitted along with the initial data packet;

the first communication device searches for a target header matched with the target DVM index value from a locally stored DVM unit set, wherein the DVM unit set stores matching relations between different DVM index values and different headers, each DVM unit in the DVM unit set stores a corresponding matching relation, each DVM unit is constructed by the first communication device or the second communication device and keeps synchronization in an available state, and the target index value is obtained by the second communication device compressing the target header corresponding to the initial data packet according to the locally stored DVM unit set;

the first communication device reverts the initial data packet to a target data packet based on the target header;

the different headers related to the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set are specifically headers determined as being unable to find the corresponding matching relationship in the static context header compression SCHC mechanism.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DVM unit set is defined in a matching operation rule item in the SCHC mechanism-corresponding SCHC rule base and stored in a target value rule item in the SCHC mechanism-corresponding SCHC rule base.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the matching relationship stored in the DVM unit set is obtained by constructing an index value of matching of headers used in a preset time period when the first communication device or the second communication device determines that there is a header used in the preset time period.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime indicating an effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit;

in the process that the first communication device searches for a target header matched with the target DVM index value from the locally stored DVM unit set, if the target DVM index value and the target unit lifetime corresponding to the target header are expired or cleared, discarding the target header;

if the first communication device restores the initial packet to the target packet based on the target header, and the first communication device is the terminal device, the method further includes:

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

the first communication device judges whether the header of the data packet to be sent has a matching relation in the DVM unit set;

if the updated data packet exists in the DVM unit set, the first communication device replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value matched with the header of the data packet to be sent according to the matching relationship of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device;

if the data packet does not exist in the DVM unit set, the first communication device searches an idle DVM unit in the DVM unit set, writes a matching relationship between the header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent in the idle DVM unit, replaces the header of the data packet to be sent with the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the DVM unit further carries a unit lifetime indicating an effective usage duration of the corresponding DVM unit;

if the unit lifetime corresponding to the matching relationship existing in the DVM unit set for the header of the data packet to be sent is expired or cleared, the first communication device abandons the DVM index value corresponding to the data packet to be sent to replace the header of the data packet to be sent;

if the unit lifetime carried by the idle DVM unit is expired or cleared, the first communication device abandons writing the matching relationship between the header of the data packet to be sent and the determined DVM index value of the data packet to be sent in the idle DVM unit;

if the first communication device replaces the header of the to-be-sent data packet with the DVM index value corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, and transmits the updated data packet to the second communication device, the method further includes:

and the first communication equipment updates the unit lifetime corresponding to the matching relationship of the header of the data packet to be sent in the DVM unit set.

7. A communication device comprising a processor and a memory, a computer program being stored in the memory, the processor performing the method according to any of claims 1 to 6 when calling the computer program in the memory.