CN101787682B - Water-saving light concrete method for restraining water surface evaporation and technological formula thereof - Google Patents
Water-saving light concrete method for restraining water surface evaporation and technological formula thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101787682B CN101787682B CN201010111404XA CN201010111404A CN101787682B CN 101787682 B CN101787682 B CN 101787682B CN 201010111404X A CN201010111404X A CN 201010111404XA CN 201010111404 A CN201010111404 A CN 201010111404A CN 101787682 B CN101787682 B CN 101787682B
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Abstract
The invention provides a water-saving light concrete method for restraining water surface evaporation. In the method, light concrete slabs or blocks which can float on water are partially or completely placed on the water surface. The prefabricated water-saving light concrete slabs or blocks can resist wind, seepage, freezing and ageing, the thickness of the light concrete slabs or blocks is within 3 to 9cm, and the length and width are respectively controlled within 0.5 to 3m; when in prefabrication, steel bars are added and exposed to form ring shapes, all the light concrete slabs or blocks are connected by ropes, and the connection ropes are fixed on vertical piles beside a water pool (a reservoir) or in water. The invention belongs to a physical covering method, has the advantages of simple operation, low price and low maintenance cost, can resist wind, seepage, freezing and ageing, and is particularly applicable to evaporation reducing and water saving for the water surfaces of the water pool, the reservoir, a lake and the like.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to reservoir, pond, lake inhibition evaporation technique, particularly a kind of water saving light concrete method and technical recipe thereof that suppresses evaporation from water surface.
Background technology:
In the artificial diversion in drought and water shortage area, water storage project, evaporation from water surface has caused reservoir, reservoir, the lake of huge loss, particularly arid area, with respect to storing the water body volume, exposed water surface area is big, and the water yield of its evaporation loss often surpasses and is used to produce the water yield of taking.According to statistics, the local reservoir water surface in the North China Plain evaporation loss water yield on average accounts for the ratio of reservoir gross reservoir capacity up to more than 30%.Northwest arid area in China, a year water surface evaporation reaches 1500mm～2000mm, and evaporation loss is very big, has caused unnecessary water resource waste, makes a large amount of hydraulic engineerings be difficult to produce favorable economic benefit.With the Ning Dong of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region water supply project is example, and through the two-stage pumping plant, water lift swings reservoir to duck from the Yellow River, 175 meters of total (pumping) heads, aggregate storage capacity 24,000,000 m
3, first stage of the project total supply 15,970 ten thousand m
3, the second stage of the project total supply 20,050 ten thousand m
3, the reservoir area arid is short of rain, and evaporation capacity is big, and wind Da Sha is many, the not enough 200mm of average annual amount of precipitation, average for many years water surface evaporation 2000mm, the annual mean evaporation from water surface loss water yield 5,000,000 m
3, accounting for reservoir and regulate 25% of storage capacity, a year evaporation from water surface economic loss reaches more than 700 ten thousand yuan.With Yinchuan is example, nearly ten thousand hectares of the natural waters surface such as domestic lake (150,000 mu), annual mean evaporation from water surface loss water yield m more than 200,000,000
3Therefore, adopt the measure of suitable inhibition evaporation from water surface in the arid area,, solve water resource supply and demand contradiction in short supply, still all be significant improving the ecological environment no matter to improving the economic benefit of hydraulic engineering.
Suppress evaporation from water surface methods such as chemistry, physics and biological control measure are generally arranged.
Adopt chemical method as adopting hexadecanol (C
16H
33OH) and octadecanol (C
18H
37OH) form monomolecular film inhibition evaporation from water surface and carried out more research at present, the advantage of this method is: small investment, easy to use; Can improve water environment; Can improve water temperature in the rice terrace use and promote plant growing.But also have simultaneously very big defective: the film that chemical agent forms can not reduce water body and absorb solar energy, has suppressed the consumption of evaporation to the water body heat on the contrary when suppressing evaporation, and at the water surface place that not have covering, higher water temperature can cause the increase of evaporating; The effect of stormy waves tends to state that rete can not be remained intact, and it is too many to suppress the unstable limitation of evaporation effect; Chemical agent can make O
2, CO
2See through film, make water body harmless, but most of chemical agent is originally as poisonous or low toxicity character plant, fish.Just because of these defectives, chemical method still can not be applied up till now in practice.The advantage that adopts physical method----solid covers to suppress evaporation from water surface is: the solid cladding material coefficient of thermal conductivity of selecting for use is little, tends to reduce the absorption of water body to solar energy, is not having can to reduce evaporation because reduce water temperature equally on the water surface that covers; Also can keep suppressing evaporation rate under general stormy waves condition, it is stable to suppress evaporation effect, and limitation is little.Can slacken sunlight in the water, reduce water plant.Adopt solid covers to suppress the evaporation from water surface key in application and be that solid covers is in the cheap requirement than stability under the high sea condition and material.Domestic and international useful high density polyethylene (HDPE) cord, paraffin, polystyrol plastic foam plate (EPS), polythene strip cover the experimental study that the water surface suppresses evaporation from water surface at present, but there are problems such as wind resistance, freeze proof, anti-aging difference and average inhibiting rate are low in used material.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art defective, a kind of water saving light concrete method and technical recipe thereof that suppresses evaporation from water surface is provided.
Purpose of the present invention realizes according to following proposal:
The water saving light concrete method that suppresses evaporation from water surface is may float on lightweight concrete slab waterborne or piece part or all to be covered on the water surface;
Above-mentioned lightweight concrete slab or piece are prefabricated wind resistance, impervious, freeze proof, aging-resistant water saving lightweight concrete slab or piece, plate or piece thickness are 3cm～9cm, length and width are controlled between 0.5～3m respectively, reinforcement and appearing circlewise when prefabricated, interconnect by rope, connection cord is fixed in the limit, pond;
, adopt comprehensively to cover than small face at area; At the large tracts of land water surface, cover 60%～85%, and in the big water surface, divide grid, in each grid, place some lightweight concrete slabs or piece, and in the middle of grid, make a call to soldier piles downwards, stake is connected with lightweight concrete slab or piece connection cord;
Above-mentioned lightweight concrete slab or piece bottom shape are designed to down convex.
Suppressing the lightweight concrete slab of evaporation from water surface or the prescription of piece is: water/binder ratio is controlled at 0.38～0.43, and among every 11Kg cement, foaming agent is controlled at 18～22ml, efficiently reduces 2～5% of agent by mass of cement, 7～9% of permeability-reducing admixture by mass of cement; Control unit weight is at 400-700Kg/m
3, intensity is at 1.6MPa～2.5MPa, and water absorption rate is 8～15%;
In the above-mentioned prescription 20%～30% of available coal ash instead cement weight.
The invention belongs to the physics covering method, simple, cheap, maintenance cost is low, has wind resistance, impervious, freeze proof, aging-resistant characteristics.
The specific embodiment:
The water saving light concrete method that suppresses evaporation from water surface is: adopts prefabricated wind resistance, impervious, freeze proof, aging-resistant economize on water lightweight concrete slab or piece, swim in the water surface, plate or piece thickness are 3cm～9cm, length and width are controlled between 0.5～3m respectively, reinforcement and appearing circlewise when prefabricated, interconnect, connection cord is fixed on (reservoir, lake etc.) limit laterally in the pond.If water area is less, all standing water surface; If water area is bigger, covers 60%～85% the water surface, and in the waters surface such as (reservoir, lakes etc.) of big pond, divide grid, in each grid, place some lightweight concrete slabs or piece, and in the middle of grid, make a call to soldier piles downwards, stake is connected with lightweight concrete slab or piece connection cord.For preventing that strong wind from starting billow, (bank) limit high megaphanerophyte tree of planting is windproof in the pond.If the frost heave degree is little, remain on lightweight concrete slab in the water winter, if the frost heave degree is bigger, in ice period lightweight concrete slab moved on to pond (storehouse, lake) on the bank, wait to freeze melt after, again lightweight concrete slab is put back in the water.For freeze proof, the lightweight concrete slab shaped design is following convex, so that during frost heave, integral body is appeared on the stage.
The lightweight concrete slab or the piece prescription that suppress evaporation from water surface are: water/binder ratio is controlled at 0.38～0.45, and among every 11Kg cement, foaming agent is controlled at 18～22ml, efficiently reduces agent and accounts for 2～5% of cement amount, and permeability-reducing admixture accounts for 7～9% of cement amount.Technical data unit weight is controlled at 400Kg/m
3～700Kg/m
3, strength control is at 1.6MPa～2.5MPa, and water absorption rate is controlled at 8～15%, suppresses control water efficient 80～90%.For reducing cost, 20%～30% of available coal ash instead cement amount.
Claims (1)
1. the water saving light concrete method that suppresses evaporation from water surface, be may float on lightweight concrete slab waterborne or piece part or all be covered on the water surface, above-mentioned lightweight concrete slab or piece are prefabricated wind resistance, impervious, freeze proof, aging-resistant water saving lightweight concrete slab or piece, plate or piece thickness are 3cm～9cm, length and width are controlled between 0.5～3m respectively, reinforcement and appearing circlewise when prefabricated interconnects by rope, and connection cord is fixed in the limit, pond; , adopt comprehensively to cover than small face at area; At the large tracts of land water surface, cover 60%～85%, and in the big water surface, divide grid, in each grid, place some lightweight concrete slabs or piece, and in the middle of grid, make a call to soldier piles downwards, stake is connected with lightweight concrete slab or piece connection cord; Above-mentioned lightweight concrete slab or piece bottom shape are designed to down convex; The prescription of above-mentioned plate or piece is: water/binder ratio is controlled at 0.38～0.43, and among every 11Kg cement, foaming agent is controlled at 18～22ml, efficiently reduces 2～5% of agent by mass of cement, 7～9% of permeability-reducing admixture by mass of cement; Control unit weight is at 400-700Kg/m
3, intensity is at 1.6MPa～2.5 MPa, and water absorption rate is 8～15%.
2, the water saving light concrete method of inhibition evaporation from water surface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with 20%～30% of coal ash instead cement weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010111404XA CN101787682B (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | Water-saving light concrete method for restraining water surface evaporation and technological formula thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010111404XA CN101787682B (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | Water-saving light concrete method for restraining water surface evaporation and technological formula thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101787682A CN101787682A (en) | 2010-07-28 |
| CN101787682B true CN101787682B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010111404XA Expired - Fee Related CN101787682B (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | Water-saving light concrete method for restraining water surface evaporation and technological formula thereof |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110258438B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2024-03-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | System for preventing reservoir evaporation by utilizing graphite powder |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2091406T3 (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1996-11-01 | Cca Inc | MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF AN ARTICLE MOLDED WITH DRAWING. |
| CN1191419C (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2005-03-02 | 符震球 | Heat retaining and insulated walling unit |
| CN2703801Y (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-08 | 李志宏 | Water-retaining covering board |
| CN1669872A (en) * | 2004-12-19 | 2005-09-21 | 林国冲 | Method for reducing water evaporation losses and apparatus therefor |
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2010
- 2010-02-22 CN CN201010111404XA patent/CN101787682B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101787682A (en) | 2010-07-28 |
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Granted publication date: 20111221 Termination date: 20140222 |