CN101787525A - Stainless steel passivation process - Google Patents
Stainless steel passivation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101787525A CN101787525A CN200910263560A CN200910263560A CN101787525A CN 101787525 A CN101787525 A CN 101787525A CN 200910263560 A CN200910263560 A CN 200910263560A CN 200910263560 A CN200910263560 A CN 200910263560A CN 101787525 A CN101787525 A CN 101787525A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a surface treatment process for stainless steel, in particular to a stainless steel passivation process. The process comprises the following steps of: dipping a stainless steel workpiece in an alkali degreasing solution for 10-30 seconds under a normal temperature condition; washing the workpiece by using water at the normal temperature; acid washing: acid washing the workpiece for 50-60 seconds by using a nitric acid solution at the normal temperature; washing the workpiece by using water at the normal temperature; soaking the workpiece in a passivation solution for 40-50 seconds at the normal temperature, wherein the passivation solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate; washing the workpiece by using water at the normal temperature; heating purified water to be higher than 75 DEG C, and putting and soaking the passivated and cleaned workpiece into the purified water for 4-5 seconds; taking out the workpiece and airing. The invention greatly saves the time for passivating the stainless steel workpiece, reduces the production requirements of the workpiece and ensures that the process is more suitable for practical production.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of stainless process of surface treatment that is used for, specifically relate to stainless passivation technology.
Background technology:
Stainless steel product is through mechanical workout, after the operations such as welding, the surface can produce a large amount of cuts, sleek, and parts of stainless steel is being shaped, assembling, welding, can bring greasy dirt in the processes such as welding inspection and construction mark, iron rust, nonmetal foul, paint, welding slag and splash etc., and the polishing dust or the disparate metals particle of a large amount of other metallic elements of surface adhesion, these materials all can influence the parts of stainless steel surface quality, reduce stainless corrosion resistance and (comprise spot corrosion, crevice corrosion), even can cause stress corrosion cracking, surface quality of workpieces is poor.Therefore, generally to adopt acid wash passivation, remove the adherent various foreign matters of stainless steel surface simultaneously, reach and improve the corrosion-resistant and ornamental purpose of stainless steel to remove the cut and the sleek of stainless steel surface.
Chang Yong stainless steel surface processing mode mainly contains before: three acid (sulfuric acid+nitric acid+hydrochloric acid) pickling, nitric acid+hydrofluoric acid pickling, soda boiling-pickling composite algorithm etc.Three acid (sulfuric acid+nitric acid ten hydrochloric acid) pickling temperature will maintain about 70 ℃-80 ℃ substantially, and the concrete pickling time will decide according to steel material oxide skin composition and situation, and three pickling can be removed the stainless steel oxidation skin smoothly.Nitric acid+hydroflouric acid washing method pickling speed is fast, easy to operate, and quality is better.Soda boiling-pickling composite algorithm can be improved pickling quality, and metal consumption is also less, and soda boiling can be become flexible oxide skin, is convenient to use the acid wash scale removal thereafter, the soda boiling temperature is controlled at 500-550 ℃, and the time of soda boiling is relevant with the steel grade of product, specification, quantity, oxide skin state etc.Should immerse quick-fried descaling in the tank immediately after the soda boiling, and then with three sour acid wash scale removals.Product should be dry anhydrous when adopting this method to handle, and hurts sb.'s feelings to avoid heat alkali liquid to spatter; The product of a soda boiling is too much unsuitable, generally is not more than 1/6 of alkali lye, and product is too much, and alkali liquid temperature is descended too much, influences the soda boiling effect; Product after the soda boiling should get wet immediately, falls oxide skin with quick-fried.
Though more than these methods have certain effect, all come with some shortcomings, can not satisfy the requirement that quality product, production unit and environment protection are improved day by day.
And existing three sour acid wash only can be removed the thin oxide skin of stainless steel surface, simultaneously, have nitrogen peroxide (NO2) to separate out in a large number in the acid cleaning process, worsen labor condition, and contaminate environment also easily produces the overpickling phenomenon.In nitric acid+hydrofluoric acid pickling method, hydrofluoric acid toxicity is big, needs good ventilation condition and wastewater treatment condition; In addition, remove the cut of workpiece surface, the ability and the anti-finger of the workpiece surface line poor-performing of sleek.In soda boiling-pickling composite algorithm, alkali lye needs heating, and energy consumption is higher, and has problem of environmental pollution in acid cleaning process.
So the above relatively defective of existing stainless steel passivation process has been made partly and having been improved, its key step is: workpiece was flooded 15-20 minute in 60-80 ℃ basic solution; Washing; Sandblast; Washing; Workpiece is put into salpeter solution to be soaked 30-60 minute; Washing; The baking workpiece is 30-60 minute under 80-100 ℃ condition.But in the process of stainless steel work-piece passivation, still expended the too much time, and the passivation condition is also too high, is unsuitable for widespread use.
Summary of the invention:
Because the shape of the outside surface of workpiece changes, or abrasive material is to the impact and the shear action of workpiece surface, certain degree of cleaning and different roughness that the surface of workpiece is obtained, the mechanical property of workpiece surface is improved, therefore improved the fatigue resistance of workpiece, increase the sticking power between it and the coating, prolonged the weather resistance of filming, also helped the levelling and the decoration of coating.The purpose that stainless steel surface carries out pickling be to workpiece in special cleaning requirement, before the pickling workpiece is carried out necessary skimming treatment, check after the pickling that equipment appearance metal luster is qualified.Through overpickling workpiece, must carry out passivation, form passivation film at workpiece surface and prevent the equipment corrosion.And the defective too high for the conditional request of passivation for stainless steel based on prior art, that general producer should not realize now proposes a kind of stainless steel passivation process, and technical scheme of the present invention realizes by following content:
A kind of stainless steel passivation process is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) degreasing under the condition of stainless steel work-piece at normal temperature, is flooded 10-30 second in alkali degreasing solution;
(2) clean, at normal temperatures the water cleaning workpiece;
(3) pickling, at normal temperatures with salpeter solution to workpiece pickling 50-60 second, salpeter solution concentration is 9%-13%, all the other are water;
(4) clean, at normal temperatures the water cleaning workpiece;
(5) passivation at normal temperatures, is soaked workpiece and is placed passivating solution, and passivating solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate 99, and soak time is 40-50 second, and in the immersion process, adding concentration is the salpeter solution of 58%-68%, and the pH value of regulator solution is to 3-4;
(6) clean, at normal temperatures the water cleaning workpiece;
(7) drying is heated to pure water more than 75 ℃, and passivation and clean workpiece are put into, and soaks 4-5 and takes out after second, dries to get final product.
Described alkali degreasing solution is the alkali degreasing solution that contains the sodium hydroxide of 3.1-4.9wt%.
Described passivating solution is for containing nitric acid 300-500g/L, the solution of sodium dichromate 99 20-30g/L.
The invention has the advantages that:
One, the degreasing of all passivation, pickling, passivation, drying step all carry out at normal temperature, reduced in the traditional technology environmental requirement for passivation, the required in steps time shorten greatly compared to prior art, the above measure of the present invention has overcome the wrong understanding on the conventional art, and can reach product requirement.
Wherein defatting step from before shortened to tens seconds in tens minutes, and carry out at normal temperature; Passivation step from before shortened to less than 1 minute in 60 minutes, also be to carry out at normal temperatures; Drying step from before high bake 60 minutes to several seconds of immersion of the present invention and dry, also saved a large amount of time, improved working efficiency.
Two, do not do sandblasting in the step, sandblast is one material surface processing that material enters when making link or carries out before the japanning, mainly is to remove surperficial rusty stain, dust etc.And the present invention adopts the outside surface pickling, except removing rusty stain, dust, can also remove other impurity, and protection workpiece appearance is handled workpiece surface and reached better effect.
Three, to the comprehensive acid wash passivation of stainless steel, remove dirts such as all kinds of greasy dirts, rust, oxide skin, weldering spot, handle the rear surface and become even silvery white, improve the stainless steel corrosion resistance greatly, be applicable to various model stainless steel components, sheet material and equipment thereof.
Embodiment:
A kind of stainless steel passivation process is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) degreasing under the condition of stainless steel work-piece at normal temperature, is flooded 10-30 second in alkali degreasing solution; (2) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures; (3) pickling: at normal temperatures with salpeter solution to workpiece pickling 50-60 second, salpeter solution concentration is 9%-13%, all the other are water; (4) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures; (5) passivation: at normal temperatures, soak workpiece and place passivating solution, passivating solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate 99, and soak time is 40-50 second, and in the immersion process, adding concentration is the salpeter solution of 58%-68%, and the pH value of regulator solution is to 3-4; (6) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures; (7) drying: pure water is heated to more than 75 ℃, passivation and clean workpiece are put into, immersion 4-5 took out after second, dried to get final product.Alkali degreasing solution is the alkali degreasing solution that contains the sodium hydroxide of 3.1-4.9wt%.Passivating solution is for containing nitric acid 300-500g/L, the solution of sodium dichromate 99 20-30g/L.
Embodiment 1
Because the shape of the outside surface of workpiece changes, or abrasive material is to the impact and the shear action of workpiece surface, certain degree of cleaning and different roughness that the surface of workpiece is obtained, the mechanical property of workpiece surface is improved, therefore improved the fatigue resistance of workpiece, increase the sticking power between it and the coating, prolonged the weather resistance of filming, also helped the levelling and the decoration of coating.The purpose that stainless steel surface carries out pickling be to workpiece in special cleaning requirement, before the pickling workpiece is carried out necessary skimming treatment, check after the pickling that equipment appearance metal luster is qualified.Through overpickling workpiece, must carry out passivation, form passivation film at workpiece surface and prevent the equipment corrosion.
A kind of stainless steel passivation process may further comprise the steps:
(1) degreasing, under the condition of stainless steel work-piece at normal temperature, dipping is 10 seconds in alkali degreasing solution, should fully immerse in the solution when workpiece is gone into skim soln.(2) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures, having cleaned afterwards, product does not have the greasy dirt vestige.(3) pickling: at normal temperatures with salpeter solution to workpiece pickling 60 seconds, the mass percent of nitric acid is 9% in the salpeter solution, all the other are water; (4) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures; (5) passivation: soak workpiece and place passivating solution, passivating solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate 99, and soak time is 50 seconds, and in the immersion process, the adding mass volume ratio is 58% salpeter solution, and the pH value of regulator solution is 4; (6) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures, should clean during cleaning fully, product does not have dirt, liquid medicine vestige; (7) drying: pure water is heated to more than 75 ℃, passivation and clean workpiece are put into, take out after soaking for 4 seconds, dry and get final product.Alkali degreasing solution is the alkali degreasing solution that contains the sodium hydroxide of 4.9wt%.Passivating solution contains nitric acid 300g/L, sodium dichromate 99 30g/L.
After Passivation Treatment was finished, the workpiece Ying Jing that finds to have the dirt vestige is Shot Blasting rear Passivation Treatment once more once more.
Embodiment 2
Because the shape of the outside surface of workpiece changes, or abrasive material is to the impact and the shear action of workpiece surface, certain degree of cleaning and different roughness that the surface of workpiece is obtained, the mechanical property of workpiece surface is improved, therefore improved the fatigue resistance of workpiece, increase the sticking power between it and the coating, prolonged the weather resistance of filming, also helped the levelling and the decoration of coating.The purpose that stainless steel surface carries out pickling be to workpiece in special cleaning requirement, before the pickling workpiece is carried out necessary skimming treatment, check after the pickling that equipment appearance metal luster is qualified.Through overpickling workpiece, must carry out passivation, form passivation film at workpiece surface and prevent the equipment corrosion.
A kind of stainless steel passivation process may further comprise the steps:
(1) degreasing, under the condition of stainless steel work-piece at normal temperature, dipping is 30 seconds in alkali degreasing solution, should fully immerse in the solution when workpiece is gone into skim soln.(2) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures, having cleaned afterwards, product does not have the greasy dirt vestige.(3) pickling: at normal temperatures with salpeter solution to workpiece pickling 50 seconds, the mass percent of nitric acid is 13% in the salpeter solution, all the other are water; (4) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures; (5) passivation: soak workpiece and place passivating solution, passivating solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate 99, and soak time is 40 seconds, and in the immersion process, the adding mass volume ratio is 68% salpeter solution, and the pH value of regulator solution is 3; (6) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures, should clean during cleaning fully, product does not have dirt, liquid medicine vestige; (7) drying: pure water is heated to more than 75 ℃, passivation and clean workpiece are put into, take out after soaking for 5 seconds, dry and get final product.Alkali degreasing solution is the alkali degreasing solution that contains the sodium hydroxide of 3.1wt%.Passivating solution contains nitric acid 500g/L, sodium dichromate 99 20g/L.
After Passivation Treatment was finished, the workpiece Ying Jing that finds to have the dirt vestige is Shot Blasting rear Passivation Treatment once more once more.
Embodiment 3
Because the shape of the outside surface of workpiece changes, or abrasive material is to the impact and the shear action of workpiece surface, certain degree of cleaning and different roughness that the surface of workpiece is obtained, the mechanical property of workpiece surface is improved, therefore improved the fatigue resistance of workpiece, increase the sticking power between it and the coating, prolonged the weather resistance of filming, also helped the levelling and the decoration of coating.The purpose that stainless steel surface carries out pickling be to workpiece in special cleaning requirement, before the pickling workpiece is carried out necessary skimming treatment, check after the pickling that equipment appearance metal luster is qualified.Through overpickling workpiece, must carry out passivation, form passivation film at workpiece surface and prevent the equipment corrosion.
A kind of stainless steel passivation process may further comprise the steps:
(1) degreasing, under the condition of stainless steel work-piece at normal temperature, dipping is 20 seconds in alkali degreasing solution, should fully immerse in the solution when workpiece is gone into skim soln.(2) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures, having cleaned afterwards, product does not have the greasy dirt vestige.(3) pickling: at normal temperatures with salpeter solution to workpiece pickling 55 seconds, the mass percent of nitric acid is 11% in the salpeter solution, all the other are water; (4) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures; (5) passivation: soak workpiece and place passivating solution, passivating solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate 99, and soak time is 45 seconds, and in the immersion process, the adding mass volume ratio is 63% salpeter solution, and the pH value of regulator solution is 3.5; (6) clean: water cleaning workpiece at normal temperatures, should clean during cleaning fully, product does not have dirt, liquid medicine vestige; (7) drying: pure water is heated to more than 75 ℃, passivation and clean workpiece are put into, take out after soaking for 4 seconds, dry and get final product.Alkali degreasing solution is the alkali degreasing solution that contains the sodium hydroxide of 4wt%.Passivating solution contains nitric acid 400g/L, sodium dichromate 99 25g/L.
After Passivation Treatment was finished, the workpiece Ying Jing that finds to have the dirt vestige is Shot Blasting rear Passivation Treatment once more once more.
Claims (3)
1. stainless steel passivation process is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) degreasing under the condition of stainless steel work-piece at normal temperature, is flooded 10-30 second in alkali degreasing solution;
(2) clean, at normal temperatures the water cleaning workpiece;
(3) pickling, at normal temperatures with salpeter solution to workpiece pickling 50-60 second, salpeter solution concentration is 9%-13%, all the other are water;
(4) clean, at normal temperatures the water cleaning workpiece;
(5) passivation at normal temperatures, is soaked workpiece and is placed passivating solution, and passivating solution contains nitric acid and sodium dichromate 99, and soak time is 40-50 second, and in the immersion process, adding concentration is the salpeter solution of 58%-68%, and the pH value of regulator solution is to 3-4;
(6) clean, at normal temperatures the water cleaning workpiece;
(7) drying is heated to pure water more than 75 ℃, and passivation and clean workpiece are put into, and soaks 4-5 and takes out after second, dries to get final product.
2. stainless steel passivation process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described alkali degreasing solution is the alkali degreasing solution that contains the sodium hydroxide of 3.1-4.9wt%.
3. stainless steel passivation process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described passivating solution is for containing nitric acid 300-500g/L, the solution of sodium dichromate 99 20-30g/L.
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