CN101786685A - 一种用于处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水的材料制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水的材料制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水的材料制备方法,先将10~15g膨润土粉碎为20~200目,分散到25~30ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;再在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量以K+和Fe3+电荷总量计,该总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的10~100%,FeCl3和KCl物质的量比例为1∶2~1∶4,搅拌4~6h,搅拌过程中温度为10~30℃;最后沉淀分离,将沉淀物悬浊液干燥得到水处理材料。采用该方法制成的水处理材料可高效吸附芳香族硝基化合物,之后利用Fe3+的催化作用,直接将吸附的有机污染物分解为二氧化碳、水等无害物质,分解后的水处理剂可重复利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水处理材料的制备方法,尤其涉及一种用于处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水的水处理材料的制备方法。
背景技术
芳香族硝基化合物包括硝基苯、硝基氯苯、硝基苯胺等,广泛用于医药、农药、染料、炸药及其它化工产品的生产。这类化合物的生产量日益增大,产生的废水量也相应增加。这类化合物具有毒性大、难降解的特点,它可以通过呼吸道吸入或皮肤吸收进入人体,导致神经系统症状、贫血和肝脏疾患;它若进入水体,则会造成水体污染。
目前,国内外对芳香族硝基化合物废水的主要处理方法有物理、化学、生化等方法。物理法中的吸附法可以有效去除废水中的污染物,是常用的处理方法之一。吸附剂的成本决定了该类废水的处理成本。
膨润土是一种以蒙脱石为主要矿物组成的粘土岩,在环境保护领域也广阔的应用前景。蒙脱石是由两个共顶联接的硅氧四面体片中间夹一个共边联接的铝氧八面体片组成的层状硅酸盐矿物,其结构中的单片层是纵横尺寸比很大的薄片,直径约为100-200nm,而厚度仅为1nm。5-10层这样的薄片通过层间阳离子结合在一起构成基本颗粒,由这些基本颗粒构成更大的不规则集团,因而膨润土具有层状结构。结构中铝对硅和镁对铝的类质同象替代的离子交换作用,会导致结构单元层内负电荷(即层电荷)过剩,为达到正负电荷的平衡,需要一定数量的阳离子来补偿而且位于层间区域。这些阳离子以离子键力联结结构单元层,并且是活动的,它的键强比分子键或氢键大得多。因此当蒙脱石结构单元层内部电荷未达到平衡时,单元层间的空隙中将由一定量的阳离子来充填,从而发生(阳)离子交换作用。蒙脱石由于破键、晶格内类质同象取代及吸附在其表面的腐殖质离解等原因而带负电荷,从而导致晶格层间结合疏松,遇水易膨胀成碎片,颗粒分散度高,具有巨大的内表面积和大量的交换性阳离子,使其具有良好的吸附性能和离子交换性能(其阳离子交换容量约为74~130mmol/100g)。膨润土由于有良好的物理化学性能,可做粘结剂、悬浮剂、触变剂、稳定剂、净化脱色剂、充填料、饲料、催化剂等,广泛用于农业、轻工业及化妆品、药品、化工、石油、环保、纳米材料等领域,所以膨润土是一种用途广泛的天然矿物材料。
但天然存在的钠基膨润土和钙基膨润土并不具有良好的应用性,必须利用膨润土良好的阳离子交换性能对其进行针对性改性,才能提高膨润土的吸附性能。在吸附处理芳香族硝基化合物等方面一般是利用表面活性剂改性膨润土得到有机膨润土,利用其分配作用能有效去除这类有机污染物。但是吸附法存在的一个重要缺陷就是转移了污染物,污染仍然存在,处理不当容易造成二次污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种用于处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水的水处理材料的制备方法,该方法所制备的水处理材料同时具有吸附和催化的特点,能在吸附污染物之后利用其本身的催化性能将污染物降解。
本发明采用的技术方案是依次包括如下步骤:
1)将10~15g膨润土粉碎为20~200目,分散到25~30ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;
2)在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量以K+和Fe3+电荷总量计,该总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的10~100%,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量比例为1∶2~1∶4;
3)搅拌4~6h,搅拌过程中维持温度在10~30℃;
4)沉淀分离,将沉淀物悬浊液干燥。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明以膨润土作为基体,利用K+和Fe3+对同时改性膨润土,其中K+可以和芳香族硝基化合物形成牢固的电子对配位结合,将芳香族硝基化合物吸附到膨润土层间。通过沉降分离,芳香族硝基化合物可以在短时间内被高效去除。
2、利用改性膨润土制得的水处理剂在吸附处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水后,利用Fe3+的催化作用,可以直接将吸附的有机污染物分解为无害的物质,如二氧化碳、水等,分解后该水处理剂可以重复利用。
具体实施方式
本发明首先将10~15g膨润土粉碎为20~200目,分散到25~30ml丙酮中制成悬浊液。在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量以K+和Fe3+电荷总量计,该总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的10~100%,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量(摩尔)比例为1∶2~1∶4;再将所得的混和液搅拌4~6h,搅拌过程中维持温度在10~30℃;最后沉淀分离混和液,将沉淀物悬浊液干燥,即得到该水处理材料。
以下结合4个实施例来进一步描述本发明:
实施例1
将10g阳离子交换容量为108.4mmol/100g的膨润土粉碎为20目,分散到25ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的10%,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的量各为0.36mmol和0.72mmol,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量(摩尔)比例为1∶2。搅拌6h,搅拌过程中维持温度在30℃;沉淀分离,自然挥发干,得到该水处理材料。
在30m浓度为20mg/L硝基苯溶液中加入0.05g的用上述方法制备得到的水处理剂,25℃恒温振荡1h,沉淀分离,测定溶液中硝基苯的浓度,去除率为95.2%。沉淀分离后得到的沉淀物悬浊液调节pH到3,振荡3h,烘干,可以重复利用。
实施例2
将15g阳离子交换容量为108.4mmol/100g的膨润土粉碎为200目,分散到30ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的100%,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的量各为5.42mmol和10.84mmol,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量(摩尔)比例为1∶2。搅拌4h,搅拌过程中维持温度在10℃;沉淀分离,自然挥发干,得到该水处理材料。
在30m浓度为20mg/L硝基苯溶液中加入0.05g的用上述方法制备得到的水处理剂,25℃恒温振荡1h,沉淀分离,测定溶液中硝基苯的浓度,去除率为99.7%。沉淀分离后得到的沉淀物悬浊液调节pH到3,振荡3h,烘干,可以重复利用。
实施例3
将10g阳离子交换容量为76.3mmol/100g的膨润土粉碎为200目,分散到25ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的100%,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的量各为1.5mmol和6.1mmol,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量(摩尔)比例为1∶4。搅拌6h,搅拌过程中维持温度在25℃;沉淀分离,自然挥发干,得到该水处理材料。
在30m浓度为20mg/L硝基苯溶液中加入0.05g的用上述方法制备得到的水处理剂,25℃恒温振荡1h,沉淀分离,测定溶液中硝基苯的浓度,去除率为99.6%。沉淀分离后得到的沉淀物悬浊液调节pH到3,振荡3h,烘干,可以重复利用。
实施例4
将10g阳离子交换容量为76.3mmol/100g的膨润土粉碎为200目,分散到25~30ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的10%,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的量各为0.19mmol和0.57mmol,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量(摩尔)比例为1∶3。搅拌4h,搅拌过程中维持温度在30℃;沉淀分离,自然挥发干,得到该水处理材料。
在30m浓度为20mg/L硝基苯溶液中加入0.05g的用上述方法制备得到的水处理剂,25℃恒温振荡1h,沉淀分离,测定溶液中硝基苯的浓度,去除率为94.2%。沉淀分离后得到的沉淀物悬浊液调节pH到3,振荡3h,烘干,可以重复利用。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于处理含芳香族硝基化合物废水的材料制备方法,其特征是依次包括如下步骤:
1)将10~15g膨润土粉碎为20~200目,分散到25~30ml丙酮中制成悬浊液;
2)在该悬浊液中加入无水KCl和无水FeCl3,无水KCl和无水FeCl3的总量以K+和Fe3+电荷总量计,该总量为膨润土总的阳离子交换容量的10~100%,其中FeCl3和KCl物质的量比例为1∶2~1∶4;
3)搅拌4~6h,搅拌过程中维持温度在10~30℃;
4)沉淀分离,将沉淀物悬浊液干燥。
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CN102765800A (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-07 | 常州大学 | 一种免合成非均相芬顿处理有机废水的处理方法 |
CN102992442A (zh) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-27 | 常州大学 | 一种膨润土协同芬顿反应处理有机废水的方法 |
US10336946B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2019-07-02 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Catalytic pyrolysis method and apparatus |
US10611969B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis of hydrocarbons |
US10851312B1 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2020-12-01 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis of hydrocarbons |
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JP2005046732A (ja) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Green Japan:Kk | リン吸着材の製造方法 |
CN101015787A (zh) * | 2006-12-28 | 2007-08-15 | 沈阳化工学院 | 水处理用铁钛改性膨润土及其制备方法 |
CN101229505A (zh) * | 2007-10-26 | 2008-07-30 | 江苏工业学院 | 一种水处理材料阴离子型染料吸附剂的制备方法 |
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JP2005046732A (ja) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Green Japan:Kk | リン吸着材の製造方法 |
CN101015787A (zh) * | 2006-12-28 | 2007-08-15 | 沈阳化工学院 | 水处理用铁钛改性膨润土及其制备方法 |
CN101229505A (zh) * | 2007-10-26 | 2008-07-30 | 江苏工业学院 | 一种水处理材料阴离子型染料吸附剂的制备方法 |
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《中国有色金属学报》 20071031 唐建军等 Fe(Ⅲ)改性膨润土光催化降解水溶液中的4-氯苯酚 第1724页第1.1节 1 第17卷, 第10期 2 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102765800A (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-07 | 常州大学 | 一种免合成非均相芬顿处理有机废水的处理方法 |
CN102992442A (zh) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-27 | 常州大学 | 一种膨润土协同芬顿反应处理有机废水的方法 |
US10336946B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2019-07-02 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Catalytic pyrolysis method and apparatus |
US10557089B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Emulsion and system for catalytic pyrolysis |
US10611969B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis of hydrocarbons |
US10851312B1 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2020-12-01 | Racional Energy & Environment Company | Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis of hydrocarbons |
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