CN101782540A - On-site detection device and detection method for heat transfer coefficients of building enclosure structures - Google Patents
On-site detection device and detection method for heat transfer coefficients of building enclosure structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN101782540A CN101782540A CN 200910155875 CN200910155875A CN101782540A CN 101782540 A CN101782540 A CN 101782540A CN 200910155875 CN200910155875 CN 200910155875 CN 200910155875 A CN200910155875 A CN 200910155875A CN 101782540 A CN101782540 A CN 101782540A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an on-site detection device and a detection method for heat transfer coefficients of building enclosure structures. The device comprises a temperature difference producing device arranged on a to-be-detected enclosure structure, as well as a data acquisition device for testing and receiving temperature and heat flow of the inner and outer sides of the to-be-detected enclosure structure. The device is characterized in that the temperature difference producing device is arranged in a bucket-shaped shell; the shell and the to-be-detected enclosure structure form a cylindrical cavity; a fan used for forced convection is arranged in the shell; and the temperature difference producing device comprises heating equipment and refrigeration equipment. The detection device provided by the invention enables heat to be capable of one-dimensional conduction, thereby greatly reducing measurement errors. The device used for on-site detection has the advantages of convenient installation and use, as well as testing time free from seasonal limit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device and detection method.
Background technology
Become today of World Focusing focus in energy crisis, building energy conservation is as grabbing the great attention that energy-conservation importance is subjected to countries in the world government and society from the life source.Close in order to hold building energy conservation, one of subject matter that solve is exactly to strengthen the supervision of architecture construction process, guarantees the building energy conservation effect.Except further improving the energy-saving design technical standard, strengthen the technological means research work of energy-conservation detection and examination especially.Wherein, the coefficient of heat conductivity of building materials and building enclosure or thermal resistance are one of key contents of decision building energy conservation effect, are one of core contents of acceptance criteria, and its effective method of testing and equipment research have far-reaching social effect.
About the method for testing of energy saving building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient, since the eighties in last century, number of research projects has been done by lot of domestic and international scientific research institution and administrative authority, proposes and developed various test and testing apparatus.But different along with geographic position and local climate condition and construction style, these means of testing can only be applicable to certain areas, perhaps there are many restrictions in use, the for example restriction etc. in testing location, test season, and checkout equipment is bulky or cost an arm and a leg, and is unfavorable for promoting the use of on a large scale.So, domestic many experts and research institution the nineties just take up research fast, accurately, on-the-spot test method and apparatus easily.
At present, the on-the-spot method that detects building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient mainly contains following several: heat flow meter method, hot case method and unstable state method, and the thermal infrared imager method etc.Multiple wall heat transfer coefficient testing apparatus, particularly on-the-spot test equipment are explored and developed to industry specialists both at home and abroad, and these equipment great majority are based on demarcates hot case method and heat flow meter ratio juris.Wang Zhenwu, Meng Qinglin as Architecture Department of South China Science ﹠ Engineering University have improved traditional heat flow meter method, use two-sided heat flow meter method Guangzhou remittance scape new city wall structure thermal resistance has been carried out on-the-spot test; The Zhongjian Building Science ﹠ Technology Inst., Beijing uses hot case ratio juris and has developed RX-H type heat transfer coefficient detecting instrument; China has built the beautiful teacher's detail analysis of the money that grinds Architecural Physics research institute of institute and has detected the hot case method and the on-the-spot heat flow method of building wall heat transfer coefficient to be measured that detects of building wall heat transfer coefficient to be measured laboratory the in.Above method still do not overcome install inconvenient, shortcoming such as be subject to seasonal restrictions.
ZL200620066046.4 has proposed a kind of on-the-spot ice chest that detects of building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient that is used for, and utilizes the artificial temperature difference that detection can be carried out under most weather.But ice chest is only applicable to summer and some areas spring and autumn, uses in the winter time then to be restricted.ZL200620043848.3 has proposed a kind of building wall heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device, utilize heating produce the temperature difference and auxiliary heating eliminate heat source side to deviate from body of wall to hot-fluid, but can not solve the side direction hot-fluid that hot-fluid flows through body of wall, just can not guarantee the one dimensional heat transfer of body of wall, cause measuring error to increase.ZL200820158854.2 has proposed a kind of hot case of building wall heat transfer coefficient pick-up unit, can detect wall heat transfer coefficient under three-dimensional situation, thereby obtain heat transfer coefficient comparatively accurately by the heat flux of indirect measurement body of wall.But the measurement complexity of each side direction hot-fluid of hot case causes indirect measuring error to increase, and does not solve in-site measurement problem simply and easily.The device that latter two patents proposes all has only heating function, uses the restriction that is subjected to season.Above-mentioned latter two patents all is that the characteristic at construction wall designs, and for architectural exterior-protecting constructions such as roofing, floors inconvenience is installed then.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is that the present situation at prior art provides a kind of heat can carry out the building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device that one dimension conduction, measuring error reduce greatly.
Another technical matters to be solved by this invention is that the present situation at prior art provides a kind of easy for installation, building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device of not being subject to seasonal restrictions.
Another technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient in-situ check and test method.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: this building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device, comprise the temperature difference generation device that is arranged on the building enclosure and be used for testing, receiving the temperature of the inside and outside both sides of described building enclosure and the data collector of hot-fluid, it is characterized in that described temperature difference generation device is arranged in the housing of tubbiness, this housing and body of wall to be measured are gone along with sb. to guard him the formation cylindrical cavity, and are provided with the fan that is used for forced convertion in the described housing.
Housing and body of wall to be measured are gone along with sb. to guard him the cavity that forms round section, adopt fan forced convection simultaneously, make in the cavity that the each point temperature evenly distributes on the cross section, the circular flat thermal source of a symmetry can be thought in this cross section as the heating thermal source of body of wall, hot-fluid is an axle with the kernel of section normal, the vertical body of wall in edge and the body of wall side emission of symmetry are gone out, because symmetry, necessarily being perpendicular to body of wall along the hot-fluid of kernel of section is passed to huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) by hot side along the one dimension direction, perhaps cold flow is passed to hot side by huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), so this cylindrical cavity can make the approximate one dimension of heat conduction at the circular heating surface of building body of wall to be measured center; Thereby measuring error is reduced greatly.
Preferably, in order to reach the effect of better uniformly transfer heat, the bottom surface that is parallel to housing in described housing can be provided with soaking plate in the position near described surface of wall to be measured, is evenly equipped with a plurality of holes on the described soaking plate.
Equally, described temperature difference generation device is arranged on the middle part of described housing bottom surface, to guarantee that Temperature Distribution is more even on hot symmetry of transmitting of cold and heat source and the cross section, guarantees that further hot and cold stream is along the symmetry of body of wall conduction and the one dimensional heat transfer of central point.
In order to reduce the loss of energy, cut down the consumption of energy, described housing can comprise inner housing and shell body, is filled with insulation material between the inside and outside housing.
Described data collector can comprise temperature sensor, heat flux sensor and be connected the data recording and processing module of described temperature sensor and heat flux sensor; Wherein said temperature sensor and described heat flux sensor are arranged on the architectural exterior-protecting construction surface of corresponding described cavity center position.Temperature sensor and heat flux sensor are arranged on the architectural exterior-protecting construction surface of corresponding cavity home position, can reduce measuring error.
Preferably, described heat flux sensor can adopt the thin slice heat flow meter of 0.1-0.3 millimeters thick, to reduce the side direction thermal loss through the heat flow meter hot-fluid, guarantees measuring accuracy, and simultaneously, the heat flow meter of the type is convenient to be pasted.
Described temperature difference generation device connects the attemperating unit that can control temperature in the described cavity, to reach the effect of temperature stabilization in the automatic control cavity.
For building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device provided by the present invention can be used under any season and temperature conditions, described temperature difference generation device can comprise refrigerator and heating equipment and control this two temperature control system of whether working.Described temperature control system can adopt the control of relay principle, also can adopt Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers control; Described refrigerator and heating equipment can integratedly be installed together, and according to the Instruction Selection sex work that temperature control system is sent, also can install respectively, exchange according to seasonal temperature and use.
Preferably, carry for convenience, be convenient to install, assurance heat conduction is evenly carried out, the volume of described cavity is the smaller the better, and this requires the volume of temperature difference generation device can not be too big, therefore, described refrigerator can be semiconductor chilling plate, and described well heater can be circular electrothermal tube; Can be provided with dismountable installing plate on the bottom surface of described housing, refrigerator and well heater are installed in respectively on separately the installing plate.Like this, during use, can installing plate that have refrigerator or the installing plate that has heating equipment optionally be installed according to the season and the temperature in when test.
Adopt the method for above-mentioned novel building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device test site enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. described housing is installed on the described building enclosure to be measured, housing and building enclosure to be measured constitute cylindrical cavity, each two groups of described temperature sensor and heat flux sensors are installed on the both side surface of building enclosure to be measured home position corresponding to described cavity respectively;
2. start described temperature difference generation device, described refrigerator or heating equipment are started working, and simultaneously described fan rotates heat or cold that temperature difference generation device is produced and evenly is sent to building enclosure to be measured;
3. be installed in the data that temperature sensor on the building enclosure both side surface to be measured and heat flux sensor will test and be transmitted to the data processing logging modle,, calculate the result again through the data recording and processing module stored record.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1) utilizes the circular symmetry hot face to guarantee one dimensional heat transfer, heat flow meter is pasted on kernel of section, can measure hot-fluid exactly, do not have the correction problem of Two-Dimensional Heat, reduce measuring error greatly by building maintenance structure;
2) economical and practical, equipment volume is less relatively, is convenient to on-the-spot the installation; Be convenient to on-the-spot heating or refrigeration simultaneously, power consumption reduces, and saves testing cost;
3) temperature difference generation equipment is provided with refrigeration and heating function, and the two exchanges convenient, can make on-the-spot building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient to be measured measure the restriction that is not subjected to factors such as season, execution conditions;
4) data acquisition recorder of data acquisition system (DAS) can long-time continuous the data of record temperature and heat flow density.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the scheme of installation of building wall heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device to be measured in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the planar structure synoptic diagram of embodiment 1 middle shell;
Fig. 3 is the sectional structure synoptic diagram along A-A line among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the on-the-spot scheme of installation that detects in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, this novel building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device comprises:
Temperature difference generation device comprises by circular electrothermal tube 21 and semiconductor chilling plate 22; Circular electrothermal tube 21 and semiconductor chilling plate 22 are installed in respectively on the center of installing plate separately.The refrigeration of temperature difference generation device, heating equipment connect temperature control system 23, and this temperature control system 23 adopts of the prior artly can freeze, heat temperature control equipment and get final product, and the interior temperature constant of its may command cavity is at design temperature.
The data acquiring and recording device comprises thin slice heat flow meter 32 and data acquisition recorder 33 behind the two groups of temperature sensors 31, two groups 0.2 millimeter, and temperature sensor 31 and thin slice heat flow meter 32 are connected the signal input part of data acquisition recorder 33 respectively.
When using above-mentioned building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device to carry out the scene detection, it is as follows to detect step:
1. at first select to use well heater or refrigerator according to environment temperature, present embodiment uses electrothermal tube 21, and the installing plate 12 usefulness screws that electrothermal tube 21 is installed are fixed on the breach of housing 1 bottom surface.
2. determine the position of building enclosure to be measured.The building enclosure that present embodiment detects is a body of wall, and body of wall to be measured should be chosen in north orientation, North-East Bound or north-westward, and the test position should not be subjected to the sunlight direct irradiation.And when measuring the heat transfer coefficient of main body section, point position should and not have the position of air penetration near heat bridge-for example pillar, window frame, lintel etc., crack, to the building of having enabled, can not be arranged near well heater, refrigerator or the fan.Detection should be provided with sunshade measure and rainproof measure for roofing, and the position that floor is then selected to be convenient to install gets final product.
3. as shown in Figure 1,32 alignment of two thin slice heat flow meters are pasted respectively on the both sides metope of body of wall 5 to be measured, at the both sides of body of wall 5 to be measured metope two groups of temperature sensors 31 are installed then.Every group of temperature sensor comprises four one-level thermopairs, and adopts isotherm to paste, and one of them thermopair sticks on the center of thin slice heat flow meter 32, with the temperature of monitoring center point whether with electric thermo-couple temperature is consistent on every side, judge conduct heat whether symmetrical.Above-mentioned heat flow meter and thermopair before use must be through demarcating, with the control survey error; Be arranged on outdoor sensor in addition and also should radiation shield be set in its periphery.
4. each sensor is received the signal input part of data acquisition recorder, turn-on data acquisition and recording instrument checks whether each point is normal.If each point is normal, enter next step; Otherwise readjust each sensor, normal up to the each point data transmission.
5. temperature sensor and heat flow meter install and transmit normal after, housing 1 button is put on the body of wall 5 to be measured, make heat flow meter 32 be positioned at the axial location of cavity.Pass screw on 1 four lugs 19 of housing with bolt then, housing 1 is installed on the body of wall 5 to be measured, housing 1 constitutes cylindrical cavities with body of wall 5 to be measured.
6. electrothermal tube 21 is connected temperature control system 23, start-up temperature control system 23, temperature control system 23 control electrothermal tubes 21 begin heating, and fan 4 begins to rotate simultaneously, and heat evenly is transmitted to body of wall 5 to be measured by the hole on the soaking plate 13; In the test process, the working condition of temperature control system 23 control electrothermal tubes 21 makes the interior temperature constant of cavity at predefined temperature value.
7. it is stable or near after stable to go along with sb. to guard him cavity temperature, enters the data acquiring and recording process.Be installed in the data that temperature sensor 31 on the metope of body of wall to be measured both sides and heat flow meter 32 will test and be transmitted to data acquisition recorder, calculate the result through its supporting calculation procedure.
Testing process is automatic record one secondary data every ten minutes, and preserves automatically, conduct heat near or the data that will gather every day when reaching steady state (SS) calculate respectively, when for three days on end result of calculation near or when constant substantially, get final product detection of end.
The test philosophy of wall heat transfer coefficient is as follows:
It is constant that testing process is controlled the inboard temperature maintenance of body of wall to be measured, reduces the error that dynamic fluctuation causes.By data acquisition unit gather automatically and calculate body of wall both side surface temperature difference t to be measured (℃) and heat flow density q (w/m
2), by formula
Obtain the coefficient of heat conductivity λ of body of wall to be measured, δ refers to the thickness of body of wall in the formula; Thereby obtain the thermal conduction resistance R=δ/λ of body of wall to be measured.
Again by formula R
W=R+Ri+Re calculates total resistance of heat transfer R of body of wall body of wall to be measured
WThereby the heat transfer coefficient that obtains body of wall to be measured is:
K＝1/R
W＝1/(Ri+R+Re) (1)
Ri, Re are respectively the convection heat transfer thermal resistance on the inside and outside surface of body of wall to be measured in the formula (1), according to " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB50176) the regulation Ri of appendix two subordinate lists 2.2 get 0.11m
2℃/W, Re gets 0.04m
2℃/W.
At body of wall inside surface to be measured the temperature θ that 4 thermocouple assays are built body of wall inside surface to be measured is set respectively
Ijk, exterior surface of wall to be measured is provided with the temperature θ that 4 thermocouple assays are built exterior surface of wall to be measured
Ejk, by the heat flow density q of heat flow meter collection by body of wall to be measured
Jk, subscript j representative data times of collection, subscript k representative data sensor number.The record data that conduct heat after stablizing are imported computer, according to
Obtain body of wall to be measured and calculate thermal conduction resistance, n is the data recording total degree in the formula, according to
Obtain body of wall to be measured and calculate heat transfer coefficient.Good at the concrete temperature difference generation device shown in the accompanying drawing 2,3 and the correction data of different building maintaining structures in conjunction with demarcating in advance again, final Treatment Analysis obtains the Coefficient K of enclosed structure.
The part that does not relate among the present invention is same as the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device, comprise the temperature difference generation device that is arranged on the building enclosure to be measured and be used for testing, receiving the temperature of the inside and outside both sides of described building enclosure to be measured and the data collector of hot-fluid, it is characterized in that described temperature difference generation device is arranged in the housing of tubbiness, this housing and building enclosure to be measured are gone along with sb. to guard him the formation cylindrical cavity, and are provided with the fan that is used for forced convertion in the described housing.
2. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the bottom surface that is parallel to housing in the described housing is provided with soaking plate in the position near described building enclosure to be measured surface, is evenly equipped with a plurality of holes on the described soaking plate.
3. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 2 is characterized in that described temperature difference generation device is arranged on the middle part of described housing bottom surface.
4. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described housing comprises inner housing and shell body, is filled with insulation material between the inside and outside housing.
5. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described data collector comprises temperature sensor, heat flux sensor and is connected the data recording and processing module of described temperature sensor and heat flux sensor; Wherein said temperature sensor and described heat flux sensor are arranged on the architectural exterior-protecting construction surface of corresponding described cavity center.
6. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 5 is characterized in that described heat flux sensor is the thin slice heat flow meter of 0.1-0.3 millimeters thick.
7. according to the described building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device of the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that described temperature difference generation device connects the attemperating unit that can control temperature in the described cavity.
8. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 7 is characterized in that described temperature difference generation device comprises refrigerator and heating equipment; By the work of attemperating unit control refrigerator and heating equipment whether and keep the temperature value that temperature constant is being set in the described cavity described refrigerator and heating equipment all are connected to described attemperating unit.
9. building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient on-site detecting device according to claim 8, the bottom surface that it is characterized in that described housing is provided with dismountable installing plate, described refrigerator is a semiconductor chilling plate, described well heater is circular electrothermal tube, and refrigerator and well heater are installed in respectively on separately the installing plate.
10. a building enclosure structure heat transfer coefficient in-situ check and test method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. described housing is installed on the described building enclosure to be measured, housing and building enclosure to be measured constitute cylindrical cavity, each two groups of described temperature sensor and heat flux sensors are installed on the both side surface of building enclosure to be measured home position corresponding to described cavity respectively;
2. start described temperature difference generation device, described refrigerator or heating equipment are started working, and simultaneously described fan rotates heat or cold that temperature difference generation device is produced and evenly is sent to building enclosure to be measured;
3. be installed in the data that temperature sensor on the building enclosure both side surface to be measured and heat flux sensor will test and be transmitted to the data processing logging modle,, calculate the result again through the data recording and processing module store recording.
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| CN111624226A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-04 | 无锡踏达机电科技有限公司 | Wall body thermal insulation performance detection device based on architectural design |
| CN111624226B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-10 | 广东珈源检测有限公司 | Wall body thermal insulation performance detection device based on architectural design |
| CN116148310A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-05-23 | 天津市津能滨海热电有限公司 | Infrared thermal imaging-based building envelope detection method |
| CN116148310B (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-06-23 | 天津市津能滨海热电有限公司 | Infrared thermal imaging-based building envelope detection method |
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