CN101774210A - Self-consolidation forming method of natural graphite - Google Patents

Self-consolidation forming method of natural graphite Download PDF

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CN101774210A
CN101774210A CN 201010136900 CN201010136900A CN101774210A CN 101774210 A CN101774210 A CN 101774210A CN 201010136900 CN201010136900 CN 201010136900 CN 201010136900 A CN201010136900 A CN 201010136900A CN 101774210 A CN101774210 A CN 101774210A
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graphite
temperature
self
consolidation
piece
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CN101774210B (en
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赵国刚
张海军
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Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology
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Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a self-consolidation forming method of natural graphite, relating to the method of graphite forming. The invention solves the following problems: the existing hot-press forming method of graphite has harsh conditions, the shape and the size of the product are controlled by the size of the hot-pressing furnace, secondary cutting is required, the cost is high, and cracks are easily generated and the tenacity is low in the cold-forming method of graphite. The method comprises the following steps: designing and processing a plastic mould according to the appearance and the size of the graphite workpiece, mixing the natural graphite, silica sol, phenol, formaldehyde, sodium carbonate and water, then adding the mixture into the mould and sealing the charging hole, and obtaining the graphite workpiece after solidifying, carbonizing and hole sealing. In the method, the natural graphite undergoes one-step forming in the polymer solution under normal pressure, the condition is mild, the size and the shape of the formed graphite workpiece are controlled by the size of the plastic mould and the cost is low; and the bending strength of the graphite workpiece is 26-30MPa and the porosity is 1-5%, and the graphite workpiece has no cracks. The invention can be used in such fields as the nuclear industry, the aviation industry and the general industry.

Description

The method of native graphite self-consolidation forming
 
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for graphite moulding.
Background technology
Native graphite belongs to one of rare nonmetallic mineral material, has favorable conductive, heat conduction, lubricated, fire-resistant and chemical stability.Because graphite has above-mentioned property, so be widely used in fields such as metallurgy, machinery, oil, chemical industry, nuclear industry, national defence.Its main application is for being divided into following six classes substantially: one, refractory material: in metallurgy industry, with graphite make graphite crucible, do steel ingot protective agent, make the magnesia carbon brick of smelting furnace liner; Two, conductive material: in electrical equipment industry, extensively adopt graphite to make coating of electrode, brush, torch, carbon pipe and television picture tube etc.; Three, high-abrasive material and lubricant: in many plant equipment, do wear-resisting and lubriation material, can in-200 ℃~2000 ℃ temperature ranges, the speed with l00m/s slide with graphite; Four, encapsulant: make piston ring packing ring, sealing ring of the equipment of centrifugal pump, the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine and conveying corrosive medium etc. with soft graphite; Five, resistant material: make vessel, pipeline and equipment with graphite, can anti-various corrosive gas and the corrosion of liquid, be widely used in departments such as oil, chemical industry, hydrometallurgy; Six, heat insulation, high temperature resistant, radiation proof material: graphite can be used as the nose cone, aerospace equipment part, heat-barrier material, anti-ray material of nozzle, the guided missile of neutron moderator in the nuclear reactor and rocket etc.The method of existing graphite moulding has following two kinds: one, graphite is hot-forming: be with raw materials such as high purity graphite powder adding resins, through the heating pressurization, obtain the graphite of moulding, the temperature of hot pressing is generally 2500 ℃~3000 ℃, pressure 〉=20MPa, the hot-forming condition harshness of graphite, cost height, shape of product and size are controlled by the hot pressing furnace size, to carry out mechanical turning according to practical application workpiece size, shape after hot-forming in addition, further increase cost again, thereby limited the range of application of graphite material; Two, graphite cold forming: be natural scale graphite to be mixed to pinch by mechanical force extruding or binding agent form a typing shape, according to the requirement of operating mode the graphite block body of moulding carried out carbonization and graphitization processing then.Just show the favorable mechanical performance during the required mechanical force of graphite cold forming 〉=30Mpa, and crack because of external force is inhomogeneous easily, bending strength≤10MPa, toughness is low, thereby limits its application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be control, need carry out for condition harshness, shape of product and the size that solves existing graphite hot-press molding method be subjected to hot pressing furnace size institute that secondary cutting is processed, easily the cracking of cost height and cold forming method, problem that toughness is low, and provide the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming.
The method of native graphite self-consolidation forming of the present invention is carried out: one, process the mould of plastics that charge door can seal according to the size and the shaped design of graphite workpiece according to the following steps; Two, be native graphite by mass ratio: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=50~70:4~7:8~12:14~20:4~7:8~20, with native graphite, Ludox, phenol, mass concentration is that 35%~37% formaldehyde, sodium carbonate and water mix, pour in the mould of step 1 preparation the sealing charge door into; Three, will be placed on temperature through the mould that step 2 is handled is to keep 1.5h~2.5h in 50 ℃~75 ℃ the insulating box, removes mould then, obtains the graphite piece of curing molding; Four, the graphite piece of the curing molding that will obtain through step 3 is put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keeps 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min, obtains the graphite piece of carbonization; Five, the graphite piece of the carbonization that will obtain through step 4 is carried out sealing of hole and is handled, and obtains the graphite workpiece.
Sealing of hole described in the step 5 is handled and to be performed such: a, the incubator that the graphite piece after the carbonization is put into 150 ℃~160 ℃ of temperature keep 2h~4h; B, the graphite piece of handling through step a being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 150 ℃~180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h~4h under the condition of 2MPa~5MPa in temperature; C, will place 24h~48h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step b handles; D, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min through the graphite piece that step c handles; E, in the time of will being cooled to 150 ℃~180 ℃ through the graphite piece that steps d is handled, being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 150 ℃~180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h~4h under the condition of 2MPa~5MPa in temperature; F, will place 24h~48h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step e handles; G, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min, and finish sealing of hole and handle through the graphite piece that step f handles.
The present invention adopts solwution method to make the one-shot forming in Polymer Solution of phosphorus sheet native graphite, by designing different die sizes and shape, native graphite can form the complicated graphite workpiece of any size and shape, whole process is carried out under normal pressure, mild condition, do not need large-scale forcing press or equal pressing equipment, replace the higher special steel mould of cost with common mould of plastics, the size and the shape of the graphite workpiece that forms are controlled by mould of plastics, flexible operation, do not need secondary turning, preparation cost is reduced greatly; Can design the graphite workpiece product of varying strength and porosity according to the difference of parameter, bending strength is 26MPa~30MPa, and porosity is 1%~5%; The preparation process of graphite workpiece is not passed through extrusion process, and the graphite workpiece does not have crackle, and material is even, the toughness height.Method of the present invention can be used for preparing refractory material, conductive material, high-abrasive material and lubricant, encapsulant, resistant material and heat insulation, high temperature resistant, radiation proof material, is applied to forward position department and general industry fields such as nuclear industry, aviation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sem photograph of the graphite workpiece fracture of the specific embodiment 14 preparations.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the method for the native graphite self-consolidation forming of present embodiment, carry out according to the following steps: one, process the mould of plastics that charge door can seal according to the size and the shaped design of graphite workpiece; Two, be native graphite by mass ratio: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=50~70:4~7:8~12:14~20:4~7:8~20, with native graphite, Ludox, phenol, mass concentration is that 35%~37% formaldehyde, sodium carbonate and water mix, pour in the mould of step 1 preparation the sealing charge door into; Three, will be placed on temperature through the mould that step 2 is handled is to keep 1.5h~2.5h in 50 ℃~75 ℃ the insulating box, removes mould then, obtains the graphite piece of curing molding; Four, the graphite piece of the curing molding that will obtain through step 3 is put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keeps 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min, obtains the graphite piece of carbonization; Five, the graphite piece of the carbonization that will obtain through step 4 is carried out sealing of hole and is handled, and obtains the graphite workpiece.
Present embodiment adopts solwution method to make the one-shot forming in Polymer Solution of phosphorus sheet native graphite, by designing different die sizes and shape, native graphite can form the complicated graphite workpiece of any size and shape, whole process is carried out under normal pressure, mild condition, do not need large-scale forcing press or equal pressing equipment, replace the higher special steel mould of cost with common mould of plastics, the size and the shape of the graphite workpiece that forms are controlled by mould of plastics, flexible operation, do not need secondary turning, preparation cost is reduced greatly; Can design the graphite workpiece product of varying strength and porosity according to the difference of parameter, bending strength is 26MPa~30MPa, and porosity is 1%~5%; The preparation process of graphite workpiece is not passed through extrusion process, and the graphite workpiece does not have crackle, and material is even, the toughness height.The method of present embodiment can be applied to the range of application of forward position department such as nuclear industry, aviation and general industry, as controls its porosity and can prepare heat preserving and insulating material, can prepare the conduction heat-transfer matcrial again after adopting sealing of hole and carbonization, graphitization processing.
The specific embodiment two: what present embodiment and the specific embodiment one were different is: the sealing of hole described in the step 5 is handled and carried out according to the following steps: a, the incubator that the graphite piece after the carbonization is put into 150 ℃~160 ℃ of temperature keep 2h~4h; B, the graphite piece of handling through step a being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 150 ℃~180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h~4h under the condition of 2MPa~5MPa in temperature; C, will place 24h~48h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step b handles; D, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min through the graphite piece that step c handles; E, in the time of will being cooled to 150 ℃~180 ℃ through the graphite piece that steps d is handled, being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 150 ℃~180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h~4h under the condition of 2MPa~5MPa in temperature; F, will place 24h~48h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step e handles; G, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min, and finish sealing of hole and handle through the graphite piece that step f handles.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: what present embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is: sealing of hole described in the step 5 is handled and carried out according to the following steps: a, the incubator that the graphite piece after the carbonization is put into 155 ℃ of temperature keep 3h; B, the graphite piece of handling through step a being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 160 ℃, pressure are to keep 3h under the condition of 3MPa in temperature; C, will place 36h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step b handles; D, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 2h after being warming up to 1000 ℃ with the speed of 4 ℃/min through the graphite piece that step c handles; E, in the time of will being cooled to 170 ℃ through the graphite piece that steps d is handled, being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 170 ℃, pressure are to keep 3.5h under the condition of 3.5MPa in temperature; F, will place 40h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step e handles; G, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 2h after being warming up to 1050 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min, and finish sealing of hole and handle through the graphite piece that step f handles.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to three is: in the step 2 by quality than native graphite: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=53~67:4.5~6.5:8.5~11.5:15~19:4.5~6.5:9~18.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
The specific embodiment five: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to four is: in the step 2 by quality than native graphite: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=60:5:10:17:5.5:12.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
The specific embodiment six: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to five is: the temperature of insulating box is 55 ℃~70 ℃ in the step 3.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
The specific embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to six is: the temperature of insulating box is 60 ℃ in the step 3.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
The specific embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to seven is: temperature retention time is 1.6h~2.4h in the step 3.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to seven.
The specific embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to eight is: temperature retention time is 2h in the step 3.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to eight.
The specific embodiment ten: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to nine is: the speed with 2.5 ℃/min~4.5 ℃/min in the step 4 is warming up to 950 ℃~1050 ℃.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to nine.
The specific embodiment 11: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to ten is: the speed with 3.5 ℃/min in the step 4 is warming up to 1000 ℃.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to ten.
The specific embodiment 12: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to 11 is: temperature retention time is 1.6h~2.4h in the step 4.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to 11.
The specific embodiment 13: what present embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to 12 is: temperature retention time is 2h in the step 4.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to 12.
The specific embodiment 14: the method for the native graphite self-consolidation forming of present embodiment is carried out according to the following steps: one, process the mould of plastics that charge door can seal according to the size of wanting the graphite workpiece and shaped design; Two, be native graphite by mass ratio: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=60:5:10:18:5:15, with native graphite, Ludox, phenol, mass concentration is that 37% formaldehyde, sodium carbonate and water mix, pour in the mould of step 1 preparation the sealing charge door into; Three, will put into temperature through the mould that step 2 is handled is that 65 ℃ insulating box keeps 2h, removes mould then, obtains the graphite piece of curing molding; Four, the graphite piece of the curing molding that will obtain through step 3 is put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keeps 2h after being warming up to 1000 ℃ with the speed of 5 ℃/min, obtains the graphite piece of carbonization; Five, the graphite piece of the carbonization that will obtain through step 4 is carried out sealing of hole and is handled, and obtains the graphite workpiece.
Sealing of hole described in the present embodiment step 5 is handled and to be performed such: a, the incubator that the graphite piece after the carbonization is put into 160 ℃ of temperature keep 2h; B, the graphite piece of handling through step a being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 160 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h under the condition of 3MPa in temperature; C, will place 24h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step b handles; D, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 2.5h after being warming up to 1000 ℃ with the speed of 4 ℃/min through the graphite piece that step c handles; E, in the time of will being cooled to 180 ℃ through the graphite piece that steps d is handled, being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h under the condition of 4MPa in temperature; F, will place 24h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step e handles; G, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 2h after being warming up to 1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min, and finish sealing of hole and handle through the graphite piece that step f handles.
The sem photograph of the graphite workpiece fracture after the step 4 of present embodiment is handled as shown in Figure 1, as can be seen from Figure 1, the inner flawless of graphite workpiece, material structure is even, flake graphite laminar surface some nanometer white particles that evenly distribute, the some of them particle is unified into wire, and this leucoplastid may be Ludox and the macromolecule crystallization at graphite surface, play cementation, improved the intensity of graphite workpiece; The bending strength of the graphite workpiece that present embodiment obtains is 28MPa, and porosity is 4%; Present embodiment adopts solwution method to make the one-shot forming in Polymer Solution of phosphorus sheet native graphite, die size and shape by design, native graphite can form the complicated graphite workpiece of any size and shape, whole process is carried out under normal pressure, mild condition, do not need large-scale forcing press or equal pressing equipment, replace the higher special steel mould of cost with common mould of plastics, the size and the shape of the graphite workpiece that forms are controlled by mould of plastics, flexible operation, do not need secondary turning, preparation cost is reduced greatly.

Claims (10)

1. the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming is characterized in that the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming, carries out according to the following steps: one, the mould of plastics that can seal according to the size and the shaped design processing charge door of graphite workpiece; Two, be native graphite by mass ratio: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=50~70:4~7:8~12:14~20:4~7:8~20, with native graphite, Ludox, phenol, mass concentration is that 35%~37% formaldehyde, sodium carbonate and water mix, pour in the mould of step 1 preparation the sealing charge door into; Three, will be placed on temperature through the mould that step 2 is handled is to keep 1.5h~2.5h in 50 ℃~75 ℃ the insulating box, removes mould then, obtains the graphite piece of curing molding; Four, the graphite piece of the curing molding that will obtain through step 3 is put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keeps 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min, obtains the graphite piece of carbonization; Five, the graphite piece of the carbonization that will obtain through step 4 is carried out sealing of hole and is handled, and obtains the graphite workpiece.
2. the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the sealing of hole described in the step 5 is handled carries out according to the following steps: a, the incubator that the graphite piece after the carbonization is put into 150 ℃~160 ℃ of temperature keep 2h~4h; B, the graphite piece of handling through step a being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 150 ℃~180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h~4h under the condition of 2MPa~5MPa in temperature; C, will place 24h~48h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step b handles; D, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min through the graphite piece that step c handles; E, in the time of will being cooled to 150 ℃~180 ℃ through the graphite piece that steps d is handled, being immersed in the high-pressure impregnation still that mid temperature pitch is housed, is that 150 ℃~180 ℃, pressure are to keep 2h~4h under the condition of 2MPa~5MPa in temperature; F, will place 24h~48h in the greenhouse through the graphite piece that step e handles; G, will put into graphitizing furnace, under nitrogen protection, keep 1.5h~2.5h after being warming up to 900 ℃~1100 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min~5 ℃/min, and finish sealing of hole and handle through the graphite piece that step f handles.
3. the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that in the step 2 by mass ratio being native graphite: Ludox: phenol: mass concentration is 35%~37% formaldehyde: sodium carbonate: water=53~67:4.5~6.5:8.5~11.5:15~19:4.5~6.5:9~18.
4. the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming according to claim 3, the temperature that it is characterized in that insulating box in the step 3 are 55 ℃~70 ℃.
5. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 4 described native graphite self-consolidation formings, it is characterized in that the temperature retention time in the step 3 is 1.6h~2.4h.
6. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 4 described native graphite self-consolidation formings, it is characterized in that the temperature retention time in the step 3 is 2h.
7. the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the step 4 being warming up to 950 ℃~1050 ℃ with the speed of 2.5 ℃/min~4.5 ℃/min.
8. the method for native graphite self-consolidation forming according to claim 5 is characterized in that the speed with 3.5 ℃/min is warming up to 1000 ℃ in the step 4.
9. according to the method for claim 1,2,4 or 7 described native graphite self-consolidation formings, it is characterized in that the temperature retention time in the step 4 is 1.6h~2.4h.
10. according to the method for claim 1,2,4 or 7 described native graphite self-consolidation formings, it is characterized in that the temperature retention time in the step 4 is 2h.
CN2010101369000A 2010-03-31 2010-03-31 Self-consolidation forming method of natural graphite Expired - Fee Related CN101774210B (en)

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WO2024118217A1 (en) * 2022-11-29 2024-06-06 Corning Incorporated Graphite powder mould and method of manufacturing such a mould

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Inventor after: Zhang Haijun

Inventor after: Meng Fanna

Inventor after: Chen Hongyu

Inventor after: Zhao Guogang

Inventor before: Zhao Guogang

Inventor before: Zhang Haijun

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