CN101773742B - Multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator and separation method - Google Patents

Multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator and separation method Download PDF

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CN101773742B
CN101773742B CN2010101108392A CN201010110839A CN101773742B CN 101773742 B CN101773742 B CN 101773742B CN 2010101108392 A CN2010101108392 A CN 2010101108392A CN 201010110839 A CN201010110839 A CN 201010110839A CN 101773742 B CN101773742 B CN 101773742B
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cup
oil
settlement
central tube
settlement cup
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CN101773742A (en
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王研
王德民
彭占刚
钟荣
朱荣杰
王洪岩
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Petrochina Co Ltd
Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd
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Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator and a separation method. The multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator comprises a center pipe (1), wherein a group of sedimentation cups (2) are mounted on the outer wall of the center pipe (1) from top to bottom, clearances are formed among the sedimentation cups (2), the cup body bottom (5) of each sedimentation cup (2) is in a tile edge shape, a circular space is arranged between the cup body of each sedimentation cup (2) and the center pipe (1), the center pipe (1) corresponding to the circular space is provided with a group of liquid inlet holes (4), and a circular filter container (3) is arranged in a cup cavity of each sedimentation cup (2) below the liquid inlet holes (4) and sleeved on the center pipe (1). The separator effectively solves the problems of difficulty of oil-water separation in an oil field ground and an underhole and improves the oil-water separation efficiency in multiple so as to reduce the number and the size of wastewater treatment devices and prolong the service life of an oil well with high water content. Meanwhile, the water content of produced liquid is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the benefits are improved.

Description

Multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator and separation method
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of extraction liquid processing device in oil recovery field, oil field, specifically a kind of multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator and separation method.
Background technology:
The diameter of oil droplet is very little in the oilfield sewage system at present, oil droplet diameter more than 99% is in micron order, according to Stoke's law as can be known, square being directly proportional of the diameter of the rate of climb of oil droplet in liquid and oil droplet, so the oil in the sewage, moisture are from difficulty is bigger comparatively speaking.Traditional oils, water separating method that baffle plate and filtration are taked to increase in present oil field exist baffle plate not wait stream and plugged filter to cause the undesirable problem of separative efficiency, although take various corrective measures, but on the raising separative efficiency, reached the limit, can't satisfy the requirement of the sewage load that increases day by day, cause that Sewage Disposal sewage settling tank is many, manifold is numerous and diverse, floor space is big, and this is a very big restriction to the demand of processing quantity of sewage from now on.For example adding up oil recovery factory of Daqing oil field sewage load in 2008 is 1 * 10 8m 3Many, 44 of Sewage Disposals, the sewage settling tank amounts to 119, and the sewage water filtration jar amounts to 590, covers an area of 52 * 10 4m 2Simultaneously because present Daqing oil field is in high water-cut stage, water ratio in oil well is higher, if can be by oil water separator is installed in the down-hole, realize water-oil separating, and the water after will separating injects other stratum (being the same-well injection excavating technology), can reduce ground sewage treatment system load, the liquid of extraction simultaneously moisture content also will reduce, thereby prolong the oil well shut-in time, save production cost, increase the benefit.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator and separation method are provided, this separator solves ground, oil field and downhole oil, moisture effectively from difficult problem, significantly improve water-oil separating efficient, thereby the life-span that reduces sewage-treatment plant quantity, size and prolong high-water-cut oil-producing well can reduce ground sewage treatment system load, and the liquid of extraction simultaneously moisture content also will reduce, save production cost, increase the benefit.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention content is: this multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator comprises central tube, the outer wall of central tube equidistantly is equipped with one group of Settlement Cup from top to bottom, gapped between Settlement Cup and the Settlement Cup, the cup bottom surface of Settlement Cup is many faceted pebbles shape, the cup middle part of Settlement Cup is a hollow cylindrical, the upper edge of the cup of Settlement Cup is a zigzag, there is the corresponding central tube of annular space and annular space to have one group of inlet opening between the cup of Settlement Cup and the central tube, place the annular filter material container in the cup chamber of each Settlement Cup of inlet opening below, the filtrate container set is on central tube.
Above-mentioned cup bottom surface formed fin of adjacent two faceted pebbles and horizontal direction angle are 30 °, the profile of tooth of the upper end of Settlement Cup for matching with the cup bottom surface rib shape of Settlement Cup, the cup of Settlement Cup is enclosed within on the central tube, have the bar v notch v on the cup, the both sides of cup are fixed with limited post respectively, and there is the spacing hole that matches with limited post the upper end of cup.
Described central tube is being opened inlet opening near on the position of each Settlement Cup inside bottom, and number is 4-10, aperture 0.9mm-1.2mm.
In the above-mentioned filtrate container slightly oil-wet walnut shell filtering material is housed, the material thickness of filter bed is between 10-100mm, and the filtering layer permeability is 10-100 μ m 2, the diameter of walnut shell filtering material is between 0.5-3mm.
Be with positioning sleeve on the above-mentioned central tube, the lower end of last positioning sleeve and the spacing hole of uppermost Settlement Cup are fixed by screw and central tube after pegging graft, and are with down positioning sleeve on the cup of nethermost Settlement Cup, and following positioning sleeve is fixed by screw and central tube.
Ground and downhole oil-water separation method: be to place the multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator that many groups combine by the series and parallel mode in the sedimentation separation jar or under the oil well pump; Oil-water mixture each Settlement Cup on the separator central tube of flowing through earlier, and contact with a plurality of rib shapes surface, Settlement Cup bottom, the Settlement Cup surface has the oleophyllie hydrophobic characteristic, and the surperficial angle crest line of outer two watts of rib shapes surfaces, Settlement Cup bottom have slight oil-wet behavior; Isolated oil droplet is assembled at the prismatic face inclination angle, surfacing effect lower edge of buoyancy and oil-wet behavior and is quickened and rises in the oil-water mixture, and at crest line position collision coalescence, assemble to assemble to rise along the outer wall on Settlement Cup top again after forming the larger diameter oil droplet and overflow Settlement Cup; The oil-water mixture filtrate that separator Settlement Cup inner bottom part is placed of flowing through again, the filtrate in the Settlement Cup also has slight oil-wet behavior; Little oil droplet in the oil-water mixture is adsorbed, gathers the filtering material particle surface and forms big oil film when flowing through filtering layer, big oil film goes out filtering layer at the situation float downward that overcomes absorption affinity and gravity; Mixed liquor after the separation flows into central tube by the inlet opening on the central tube and is discharged from; Total treating capacity of all inlet openings of settlement separator should make the time of staying of liquid in cup in all Settlement Cups satisfy on-the-spot actual needs, and the feed liquor amount of all inlet openings is answered approximately equal on the central tube.
In the above-mentioned sedimentation separation process, total treating capacity of all inlet openings of settlement separator should make the time of staying of liquid in cup in all Settlement Cups satisfy on-the-spot actual needs, and the feed liquor amount of all inlet openings is answered approximately equal (promptly waiting stream) on the central tube, the number of the inlet opening that has on area of passage that can be by changing inlet opening, the position of each Settlement Cup inside bottom and the number of Settlement Cup realize, thereby make central tube topmost the single aperture flow relative difference of the single aperture flow of Settlement Cup and bottom Settlement Cup less than 5%, i.e. approximately equal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, many Settlement Cups are the oil-water mixture break into portions, utilize the bottom outline that has selectivity and be faceted pebble shape rising type, make the oil droplet after the separation assemble rapidly, rise, and reach the purpose of effective separation oil droplet.2, total treating capacity of all inlet openings can make the liquid in all Settlement Cups that the sufficiently long time of staying is arranged in cup, and the feed liquor amount of all inlet openings is answered approximately equal on the central tube, thereby has guaranteed that oil droplet carries out fully effectively separating in Settlement Cup.3, be placed with annular slightly oil-wet walnut shell filtering material layer in the Settlement Cup, utilize the oil reservoir theory, little oil droplet in the oil-water mixture is adsorbed, gathers slightly oil-wet filtering layer particle surface and forms big oil film when flowing through filtering layer, big oil film goes out filtering layer at the situation float downward that overcomes absorption affinity and gravity again, has guaranteed that the oil droplet that first separation does not go out in the oil-water mixture separates once more.4, overcome the defective of existing all kinds of oil, water separating method existence, particularly can solve and not wait flow problem in the traditional separation method, it is minimum that the content of oil in the liquid stream of handling in the identical time is dropped to, and reaches to improve separative efficiency, increase disposal ability and energy saving purposes.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Settlement Cup in the accompanying drawing 1;
Fig. 3 is a partial structurtes schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a partial structurtes schematic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: the 1-central tube, the 2-Settlement Cup, 3-filtrate container, the 4-inlet opening, 5-cup bottom surface, 6-cup, 7-bar v notch v, 8-spacing hole, 9-limited post, the last positioning sleeve of 10-, positioning sleeve under the 11-, the 12-liquid that is untreated, 13-are handled back liquid.
The specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
This multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator is to be made of many group switching centres pipe 1, Settlement Cup 2, filtrate container 3 and walnut shell filtering material; In the settling tank also, many group switching centres pipe 1 is installed in series, central tube 1 equal intervals is installed a plurality of Settlement Cups 2, gapped between Settlement Cup 2 and the Settlement Cup 2, the cup bottom surface 5 of Settlement Cup 2 is many faceted pebbles shape, faceted pebble and crest line position can make oil droplet collision coalescence, assemble formation larger diameter oil droplet, there is the corresponding central tube 1 of annular space and annular space to have one group of isometrical inlet opening 4 between the cup of Settlement Cup 2 and the central tube 1, the number of the inlet opening 4 that has on the central tube 1 of each Settlement Cup 2 correspondence is 4-10, and the area of passage of inlet opening 4 is at 0.2mm 2-7mm 2Between, can guarantee that the time of staying of liquid in cup help separating, placement annular filter material container 3 is placed with the slightly oil-wet filtrate in the cup chamber of each Settlement Cup 2 of inlet opening 4 belows in the filtrate container 3, and filtrate container 3 is enclosed within on the central tube 1.
Cup bottom surface 5 adjacent two watts of formed fins of faceted pebble and horizontal direction angle are 30 °, experimental result shows, when fin and horizontal direction angle are 30 °, oil droplet is the fastest along the inclined-plane rate of climb, the coalescence fullest, oil-water separation is best, the cup middle part of Settlement Cup 2 is a hollow cylindrical, the zigzag of the upper edge of Settlement Cup 2 for matching with 5 watts of rib shapes in cup bottom surface of Settlement Cup 2, the cup 6 of Settlement Cup 2 is enclosed within on the central tube 1, have bar v notch v 7 on the cup 6, the both sides of cup 6 are fixed with limited post 9 respectively, there is the spacing hole 8 that matches with limited post 9 upper end of cup 6, limited post 9 on a last Settlement Cup 2 cups 6 is inserted in the spacing hole 8 in next Settlement Cup 2 cups 6, has realized the connection between the Settlement Cup, the firm favourable water-oil separating of this connected mode.
The slightly oil-wet walnut shell filtering material is housed in the filtrate container 3, and the material thickness of filter bed is between 10-100mm, and the filtering layer permeability is 10-100 μ m 2, the diameter of walnut shell filtering material is between 0.5-3mm.The mixed liquor secondary separation of filtrate to separating through Settlement Cup 2, it is minimum that the content of oil in the liquid stream is dropped to, and lifted from separative efficiency.
One group of equidistant Settlement Cup 2 is installed on the central tube 1 in such scheme, according to short distance migration principle: when flow stream velocity, oil droplet diameter one regularly, oil droplet is separated the vertical range of being migrated directly influences oil-water separation.If the vertical range that oil droplet begins to migrate to separating from the bottom is 10m, now the 10m vertical range is divided into 100 equal portions with dividing plate, then the vertical range of being migrated separated of oil droplet becomes and has only 0.1m, the used time has descended 100 times under the constant situation of speed, and separative efficiency has improved 100 times.Therefore in every central tube equal intervals of coalescence separator a plurality of Settlement Cups are installed, are reduced oil droplet and separate migration distance, thereby improve separative efficiency.
Stream such as employing of the present invention principle: during separator work, sewage only is introduced into Settlement Cup 2, then just can enter central tube 1 and be discharged from by the inlet opening on the central tube 1, and etc. the key of stream keep effluent stream to equate when being separator work through the flow of each Settlement Cup 2 and inlet opening.Therefore need carry out theory to the aperture design of inlet opening calculates.
The size of inlet opening is according to the sewage load accurate Calculation, and the liquid measure that makes each glass enter the oil water separator central tube equates, therefore liquid flows down the reduction of speed degree and is in each Settlement Cup:
Figure GSA00000016241900051
In the formula: n---be the number of Settlement Cup
Q---be the liquid measure in the single Settlement Cup
F Ring---between oil water separator central tube and the Settlement Cup external diameter annulus area
For oil water mixture, owing to there is a density contrast, so the two will separate and should guarantee V Down<V Floating, V FloatingBe the speed of water-oil separating.
By formula (1) as can be seen, liquid flowed down the speed V that falls when liquid was flowed through oil water separator DownReduced n and doubly (tested with 190 cups, on-the-spot), so just than being easier to realize V generally with several thousand cups Floating<V OnThe aperture by changing inlet opening and the number of Settlement Cup simultaneously, allowing the each total amount of liquid Q that handles of settling tank of different disposal amount account for the ratio of all Settlement Cup total capacities can not be excessive, makes oil water mixture have time enough to separate.
The present invention adopts the coalescence principle:
If think that oil-water separation is good, must make V Down<V Floating(V wherein DownSpeed for downward liquid flow; V FloatingBe the rate of climb of oil droplet in liquid).
Set up V with Stoke's law FloatingExpression formula:
Figure GSA00000016241900052
From Stoke's law as can be seen, the diameter of oil droplet is big more, V FloatingBig more, the easy more come-up of oil droplet is separated.Therefore increase that the oil droplet diameter can effectively improve oil-water separation in the sewage.Make the oil droplet coalescence by separator Settlement Cup shaped design: when countless small oil droplets accumulate in the narrow space, then oil droplet collides each other, the probability of coalescence will increase greatly; Simultaneously, make the oil droplet in the narrow space have time enough collision, coalescence to become enough big oil droplet by the mode that stops.For this reason, designed the convex-concave rib shape body of Settlement Cup polycrystalline substance, several 12 of rib, 24 on inclined-plane for tilting.Two inclined-plane angle female parts form a narrow space that helps oil droplet collision, coalescence, and while two inclined-planes and indent angle line form semi-enclosed barrier zones, thereby make oil droplet that more collision, coalescence time be arranged.
The present invention utilizes the oil reservoir theory to make oil droplet be attracted to filter material surface and forms big oil film:
According to the oil reservoir theory, in the oleophylic rock stratum passage of certain permeability, little oil droplet can stick on the oleophylic conduit wall, touches coalescence together with tail little oil droplet, and along with constantly touching coalescence, little oil droplet becomes the bigger oil film of big formation gradually.Relation according to barometric gradient Δ P/L and flow Q:
ΔP L = μQ AK
Wherein, K is a permeability; A is a sectional area; L is a liquid column length; μ is the viscosity of liquid.
When the value of flow Q made barometric gradient Δ P/L≤0.0016MPa/m, oil film was easy to come-up and is taken out of passage.Therefore increase the thick filter material layer of 1.2cm at separator Settlement Cup inner bottom part, when sewage passes through the oleophylic filtering layer, little oil droplet accumulates in the oil wet grain surface and forms oil film, by adjusting treating capacity, make the buoyancy of downward pumping power less than oil film, oil film can be separated by emersion filtering layer on the filtering layer pore channel like this.
Be with positioning sleeve 10 on the central tube 1, after pegging graft, the spacing hole 8 of the lower end of last positioning sleeve 10 and uppermost Settlement Cup 2 fixes by screw and central tube 1, last positioning sleeve 10 fixes uppermost Settlement Cup 2 with central tube 1, be with down positioning sleeve 11 on the cup 6 of nethermost Settlement Cup 2, following positioning sleeve 11 is fixed by screw and central tube 1, and following positioning sleeve 11 fixes a nethermost Settlement Cup 2 with central tube 1.
Above-mentioned Settlement Cup 2 surfaces are coated with the surface nature material with oleophyllie hydrophobic characteristic, help water oil and separate.
Multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator be installed in the settling tank or oil well pump under, in the settling tank or under the oil well pump also, the multicomponent that is installed in series is from device.Oil-water mixture each Settlement Cup 1 formed by two parts form on the separator central tube 1 of flowing through earlier, isolated oil droplet quicken to rise along prismatic face inclination angle, Settlement Cup 1 bottom in the oil-water mixture, and at crest line position collision coalescence, assemble to assemble to rise along the outer wall on Settlement Cup 2 tops again after forming the larger diameter oil droplet and overflow Settlement Cup 2; The filtrate that liquid was placed by the cup inner bottom part again after process in the Settlement Cup 2 was separated for the first time, the absorption of filtering material particle surface, the little oil droplet of gathering make it to form emersion filtering layer on the big oil film, and last parting liquid flows into central tubes 1 by inlet opening 4 again; The feed liquor amount of all inlet openings 4 answers approximately equal promptly to wait stream on the central tube 1, and purpose is to make the liquid in all Settlement Cups 2 that the sufficiently long time of staying be arranged in cup, thereby guarantees that oil droplet carries out fully effectively separating in Settlement Cup 1.Can realize satisfied on-the-spot actual needs of the time of staying of liquid in cup by the area of passage that changes inlet opening 4, the number of inlet opening 4 and the number of Settlement Cup 2.
The oil, moisture that the present invention goes for other field except that the oil field from, realize oil, moisture from, improve separative efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator, comprise central tube (1), Settlement Cup (2), filtrate container (3) and walnut shell filtering material, it is characterized in that: the outer wall of central tube (1) equidistantly is equipped with one group of Settlement Cup (2) from top to bottom, gapped between Settlement Cup (2) and the Settlement Cup (2), the bottom of cup (5) of Settlement Cup (2) is many faceted pebbles shape, the cup middle part of Settlement Cup (2) is a hollow cylindrical, the upper edge of the cup of Settlement Cup (2) is and the corresponding zigzag of cup basal edge face shape, there is the corresponding central tube (1) of annular space and annular space to have one group of inlet opening (4) between the cup of Settlement Cup (2) and the central tube (1), place annular filter material container (3) in the cup chamber of each Settlement Cup (2) of inlet opening (4) below, filtrate container (3) is enclosed within on the central tube (1).
2. multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: bottom of cup (5) formed fin of adjacent two faceted pebbles and horizontal direction angle are 30 °, the profile of tooth of the upper end of Settlement Cup (2) for matching with cup bottom surface (5) the rib shape of Settlement Cup (2), the cup (6) of Settlement Cup (2) is enclosed within on the central tube (1), have bar v notch v (7) on the cup (6), the both sides of cup (6) are fixed with limited post (9) respectively, and there is the spacing hole (8) that matches with limited post (9) upper end of cup (6).
3. multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described central tube (1) is being opened inlet opening (4) near on the position of each Settlement Cup (2) inside bottom, and number is 4-10, aperture 0.9mm-1.2mm.
4. multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the filtrate container is equipped with the slightly oil-wet walnut shell filtering material in (3), and the material thickness of filter bed is between 10-100mm, and the filtering layer permeability is 10-100 μ m 2, the diameter of walnut shell filtering material is between 0.5-3mm.
5. multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be with positioning sleeve (10) on the central tube (1), the spacing hole (8) of the lower end of last positioning sleeve (10) and uppermost Settlement Cup (2) is fixed by screw and central tube (1) after pegging graft, be with down positioning sleeve (11) on the cup (6) of nethermost Settlement Cup (2), following positioning sleeve (11) is fixed by screw and central tube (1).
6. ground and downhole oil-water separation method is characterized in that: be to place claim 1 or the 2 described multilayer uniform-flow-type coalescence oil-water separators that many groups combine by the series and parallel mode in the sedimentation separation jar or under the oil well pump; Oil-water mixture each Settlement Cup (2) on the separator central tube (1) of flowing through earlier, and contact with a plurality of rib shapes in Settlement Cup (2) bottom surface, Settlement Cup (2) surface has the oleophyllie hydrophobic characteristic, and angle crest line surface, outer two watts of rib shapes surface, Settlement Cup (2) bottom has slight oil-wet behavior; Isolated oil droplet is assembled at the prismatic face inclination angle, surfacing effect lower edge of buoyancy and oil-wet behavior and is quickened and rises in the oil-water mixture, and at crest line position collision coalescence, assemble to assemble to rise along the outer wall on Settlement Cup (2) top again after forming the larger diameter oil droplet and overflow Settlement Cup (2); The oil-water mixture filtrate that separator Settlement Cup (2) inner bottom part is placed of flowing through again, the filtrate in the Settlement Cup (2) also has slight oil-wet behavior; Little oil droplet in the oil-water mixture is adsorbed, gathers the filtering material particle surface and forms big oil film when flowing through filtering layer, big oil film goes out filtering layer at the situation float downward that overcomes absorption affinity and gravity; Mixed liquor after the separation flows into central tube (1) by the inlet opening (4) on the central tube (1) and is discharged from; Total treating capacity of all inlet openings of settlement separator (4) should make the time of staying of liquid in cup in all Settlement Cups (2) satisfy on-the-spot actual needs, and the feed liquor amount of last all inlet openings (4) of central tube (1) is answered approximately equal.
7. ground as claimed in claim 6 and downhole oil-water separation method, it is characterized in that: in the above-mentioned sedimentation separation process, total treating capacity of all inlet openings of settlement separator (4) should make the time of staying of liquid in cup in all Settlement Cups (2) satisfy on-the-spot actual needs, and central tube (1) is gone up the feed liquor amount of all inlet openings (4) and is answered approximately equal promptly to wait stream, can be by changing the area of passage of inlet opening (4), the number of the inlet opening (4) that has on the position of each Settlement Cup (2) inside bottom and the number of Settlement Cup (2) realize, thereby make central tube (1) topmost the single aperture flow relative difference of the single aperture flow of Settlement Cup (2) and bottom Settlement Cup (2) less than 5%, i.e. approximately equal.
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EP2685046B8 (en) * 2011-03-09 2017-04-05 Petrochina Company Limited Crown-shaped separation device for separating oil and water in well
CN103071321B (en) * 2012-12-27 2016-01-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Multiple-stage underground liquid-sand separator
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CN107353931B (en) * 2017-07-18 2018-12-14 中国科学院力学研究所 A kind of water-oil phase flow pattern conversion equipment
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CN2221996Y (en) * 1994-11-22 1996-03-13 胜利石油管理局勘察设计研究院 Hydraulic rotational flow device for removing oil from sewage
CN2276379Y (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-03-18 胜利石油管理局勘察设计研究院 Crude oil pre-dehydrate, sewage unoilding hydrocyclone
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