CN101768672A - Top-blown bath antimony smelting method and bath smelting furnace - Google Patents
Top-blown bath antimony smelting method and bath smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101768672A CN101768672A CN201010100003A CN201010100003A CN101768672A CN 101768672 A CN101768672 A CN 101768672A CN 201010100003 A CN201010100003 A CN 201010100003A CN 201010100003 A CN201010100003 A CN 201010100003A CN 101768672 A CN101768672 A CN 101768672A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a top-blown bath smelting antimony method which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing materials, dosing the materials, smelting, collecting dust and discharging dregs. The bath smelting furnace adopting the method is characterized in that the depth of a bath (1) of a furnace body (6) is 1500mm to 2000mm; the upper part of the furnace body (6), namely a furnace top is provided with a feeding hole (2) and a spray gun (3) for feeding fuel and oxygen-enriched air; a flue (4) is arranged at the top of the furnace body (6); and the bottom of the furnace body (6) is provided with a dregs discharge hole (7). In the invention, the production can be continuously stable, the smelting process is strengthened, the production efficiency is high, the quality of antimony oxide powder is good, fuel can be used for preparing industrial concentrated sulfuric acid so as to thoroughly solve the environment protection problems, coke is replaced by bituminous coal and lump coal so as to reduce the production cost, the adaptability to raw materials is wide, antimony ore of original agents with lower grade can be processed, and the lead antimony ore can be processed.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting of metallic antimony, specifically a kind of top-blown bath antimony smelting method and bath smelting furnace thereof.
Background technology:
At present, the big-and-middle-sized antimony smelter of China is to adopt blast furnace volatile smelting, reverberatory furnace retailoring and refining techniques basically, and it is big all to have energy consumption, and the serious and labour productivity of environmental pollution such as hangs down at the shortcoming that is difficult to overcome.With regard to antimony regulus, blast furnace process is advanced technology of present stage.The main drawback of blast furnace process is: technology is simple, equipment is backward, smoke gas treatment is difficult, seriously polluted.Especially can not use the higher concentration oxygen-enriched air smelting, flue gas SO
2Concentration is 1%-2% only, can not be used for relieving haperacidity, and behind the employing 26%-28% oxygen enriched blast, flue gas concentration also can only reach 2%-3%, still can not satisfy the relieving haperacidity requirement, administers difficulty, and expense is very high.Did a large amount of research and discussion with regard to the flue gas acid preparing problem of blast furnace smelting both at home and abroad, former Shenyang Smeltery Factory, smeltery, Fuchunjiang River adopt the melting of oxygen enriched blast stove, and external Japan adopts the melting of oxygen enriched blast stove to solve the flue gas acid preparing problem, does not all have successfully.Material reaction speed is lower in the blast furnace, and the unit production capacity is low, and heat utilization efficiency is low, and energy consumption height, fuel and reductive agent are expensive metallurgical coke, and star metal per ton need consume coke 700kg-800kg, and production cost is higher; The stove sealing is poor, when the working of a furnace is bad, and flue dust, flue gas meeting leakage pollution air, production environment is relatively poor; This technology is not inconsistent with " saving energy and reduce the cost " industry policy of country, and along with the state environment protecting standard requirement is more and more severeer, blast furnace smelting process will be in state backward in technique and suffer exit.
Along with energy day is becoming tight, the legislations of environmental protection increasingly stringent, and price of labour progressively goes up, and forces traditional pyrometallurgy method to have to be replaced by new intensified smelting method.Through the effort in twenty or thirty year, flash smelting and bath smelting have become the most promising method of present replacement tradition pyrometallurgy.Difference between the two is that the flash smelting principal reaction occurs in furnace cavity, and reaction system external phase is gas phase (furnace gas); The bath smelting principal reaction takes place in the molten bath, and reaction system external phase is liquid phase.Bath smelting is that materials such as ore are added in the molten bath, and material carries out smelting in the molten bath.Bath smelting as far back as the seventies in last century, first opens the beginning by Canadian Noranda Inc., has successfully carried out smelting bath smelting process copper metallurgy with noranda furnace.According to statistics, in world's copper output, the blister copper that this two classes copper smelting by pyrometallurgy method is produced accounts for 1/3 of ultimate production respectively at present.Copper and plumbous the smelting in the production, country's explicit order eliminates blast furnace smelting process, recommends to adopt the oxygen enriched molten bath melting technology, and bath smelting furnace has replaced blast furnace smelting basically.
Because smelting bath smelting process has outstanding technical superiority, progressively is developed utilization in metal industry such as copper, nickel, zinc subsequently.Domesticly once doing some useful discussions, the wherein blank of antimony bath smelting---antimony ore continuous fuming process aspect the antimony bath smelting, last century the nineties carried out commerical test in Yunnan wood profit.See " non-ferrous metal " the 52nd volume the 2nd phase (in May, 2000) P44-P48 for details, Wang Jikun, thunderclap are shown " melting bath smelting-continuous fusion is handled low-grade antimony ore research ".This technological borrowing the fuming furnace technology, the fuming oven process is had very big innovation, but this technology does not have thoroughly to break through the boundary of original technology, furnace type structure does not change.Because adopt side-blown, the part melt in the molten bath is blown in the flue dust, mixes with antimony oxygen powder, cause the antimony oxygen opaque amount produced very poor, subsequent handling can't further be processed, so this method fails to be used for industrial production, finally fails.On the other hand, this smelting process still belongs to periodically produces, rather than steady and continuous production, and the SO 2 from fume fluctuation of concentration is big, and mean concns is lower, and flue gas system sulfuric acid is difficult to control, flue gas processing costs height.Because smelting bath smelting process investment is big, and all less or the like the reason of antimony industry and enterprise industrial scale, the bath smelting of antimony does not all have the industrialization utilization at home and abroad up at present.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of top-blown bath antimony smelting method and bath smelting furnace thereof.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize its goal of the invention: adopt the top-blown bath smelting furnace, fuel and oxygen rich gas are together sprayed in the molten bath, imported very big stirring power, strong agitation melt to high-temperature fusant, strengthen gas-liquid-solid mass-and heat-transfer process, quicken metallurgical reaction.The present invention is according to non-ferrous metal bath smelting theory, using for reference on copper, the empirical basis of plumbous bath smelting,, designing small-sized, the medium-sized test scheme of top-blown bath melting antimony through careful careful demonstration repeatedly, carry out strict systematic testing, and carried out the type approval test achieving success.
A kind of top-blown bath antimony smelting method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: the antimony ore grade contains antimony 〉=20%, iron ore grade iron content 35%-60%, and Wingdale contains calcium oxide 30%-65%, and antimony ore, iron ore, Wingdale are crushed to granularity≤25mm respectively;
(2) batching: in 100 parts of antimony ore weight, by iron ore: Wingdale: lump coal is that 30-60: 15-25: 3-6 prepares burden;
(3) melting: the material that will prepare adds in the bath smelting furnace by charging opening continuously, pool depth is controlled at 1500mm-2000mm, spray into the oxygen-rich air that oxygen concn is 25%-90% from furnace roof by spray gun, simultaneously, add a kind of in Sweet natural gas or coal gas or the fine coal by spray gun, control its add-on and make the interior temperature of bath smelting furnace remain on 1150 ℃-1350 ℃, lance head inserts the melt degree of depth in bath smelting furnace be 150mm-350mm;
(4) gather dust, deslagging: the flue gas that contains weisspiessglanz is extracted out by blower fan from flue, through cooling, behind the bag-type dust, SO in the flue gas
2Be used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; The antimony oxygen powder that obtains that gathers dust send reverberatory furnace retailoring to become star metal; Slag is emitted shrend continuously.
A kind of bath smelting furnace that adopts aforesaid method, it comprises body of heater, and the pool depth of body of heater is 1500mm-2000mm, and upper of furnace body is that furnace roof is provided with charging opening and the spray gun that is used to add fuel, oxygen-rich air; Flue is located at the body of heater top, and bottom of furnace body is provided with slag notch.
Because adopt technique scheme, the present invention has realized goal of the invention preferably, energy serialization stably manufactured, intensified smelting process, production efficiency height; Antimony oxygen opaque amount is good, and flue gas can be used for producing the industrial vitriol oil, thoroughly solves environmental issue; For coke, reduced production cost with bituminous coal and lump coal; Wide to adaptability to raw material, can handle more low-grade former dose antimony ore, also can handle plumbous antimony ore.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of bath smelting furnace of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of bath smelting furnace that adopts aforesaid method, it comprises body of heater 6, and molten bath 1 degree of depth of body of heater 6 is 1500mm-2000mm, and body of heater 6 tops are that furnace roof is provided with charging opening 2 and the spray gun 3 that is used to add fuel, oxygen-rich air; Flue 4 is located at body of heater 6 tops, and body of heater 6 bottoms are provided with slag notch 7.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of top-blown bath antimony smelting method, it comprises the following steps: that (1) get the raw materials ready: the antimony ore grade contains antimony 〉=20%, and (present embodiment is for containing antimony 35%, control moisture content 10%), iron ore grade iron content 35%-60% (present embodiment is an iron content 55%), Wingdale contains calcium oxide 30%-65% (present embodiment is for containing calcium oxide 52%), and antimony ore, iron ore, Wingdale are crushed to granularity≤25mm (present embodiment is 25mm) respectively;
(2) batching: in 100 parts of antimony ore weight, by iron ore: Wingdale: lump coal is that 30-60: 15-25: 3-6 prepares burden, (present embodiment is 40: 20: 3), lump coal ash≤20%, thermal value 〉=6000kcal/kg is crushed to granularity＜50mm;
(3) melting: the material that will prepare adds in the bath smelting furnace by charging opening 2 continuously, molten bath 1 degree of depth is controlled at 1500mm-2000mm (present embodiment is 1500mm), spray into the oxygen-rich air that oxygen concn is 25%-90% (present embodiment is 35%) from furnace roof by spray gun 3, simultaneously, (present embodiment is a fine coal to add a kind of in Sweet natural gases or coal gas or the fine coal by spray gun 3, ash≤20%), controlling its add-on makes the interior temperature of bath smelting furnace remain on 1150 ℃-1350 ℃ (present embodiment is 1200 ℃), lance head inserts melt 5 in bath smelting furnace the degree of depth is 150mm-350mm (present embodiment is 270mm), sprinkler pressure 0.10Mpa-0.20Mpa (present embodiment is 0.15Mpa);
(4) gather dust, deslagging: the flue gas that contains weisspiessglanz is extracted out by blower fan from flue 4, behind cooling, bag-type dust, SO in the flue gas
2Be used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; The antimony oxygen powder that obtains that gathers dust send reverberatory furnace retailoring to become star metal; Slag is emitted shrend continuously from slag notch 7.
The present invention is when producing, and the material for preparing adds continuously from body of heater 6 tops, directly falls into molten bath 1, and the degree of depth that spray gun 3 inserts melt 5 is 270mm, sprinkler pressure 0.15MPa.Test manufacture continuously, melting atmosphere is controlled to be neutrality in the stove, and the slag that generates in the molten bath 1 is emitted continuously through slag notch 7.The flue gas that has the product weisspiessglanz is extracted out flue gas SO by blower fan from furnace roof flue 4
2Concentration reaches 6.5%, is used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; Weisspiessglanz content 〉=80% in the metal oxide powder, antimony oxygen powder send reverberatory furnace retailoring to become star metal; Antimony content in slag 1.2%; Unit surface treatment capacity: 35t/m
2D.
Its melting reaction fundamental equation is:
2Sb
2S
3+9O
2＝2Sb
2O
3+6SO
2
Carry out in solid phase stock column section at principal reaction in the stove of traditional blast furnace smelting, raw material, fuel and reductive agent are bulk or block, and gas-liquid-solid mass-and heat-transfer speed is slower; And adopt oxygen enrichment to improve melting, and be subjected to the constraint of stock column formula reaction self, can not adopt high oxygen-rich concentration to realize normal reaction in the stove, the operation of can not stabilizing the economy.Therefore, the present invention adopts the bath smelting furnace antimony regulus, and melt tank reaction is changed in the stock column formula reaction of antimony ore.In the top blast mode, fuel and oxygen rich gas are together sprayed in the melt of molten bath, imported very big stirring power to high-temperature fusant, gas-liquid-solid mass-and heat-transfer process is strengthened in the strong agitation molten bath, quickens metallurgical reaction; Fuel and reductive agent, and mineral sulphur all burns in the melt that stirs, the heat direct heat transfer is given melt, and the furnace charge reaction process has been quickened in the quickening of conducting heat of melt and dispersed solids particulate material; And utilize all volatile characteristics of the multiple molecule of antimony in the antimony fusion process, and go into the stove oxygen rich gas and adopt hyperoxia concentration, effectively accelerate melting reaction speed.
Embodiment 2:
The present invention is in step (1), and going into the stove powder is plumbous antimony ore, contains antimony 21%, and is leaded 25%, control material moisture content 9.5%;
The present invention is in step (2), and batching is in 100 parts of antimony ore weight, by iron ore: Wingdale: lump coal is to prepare burden at 32: 15: 5;
The present invention is in step (3), and molten bath 1 degree of depth is controlled at 1800mm, and smelting temperature is controlled at 1280 ℃, and fine coal and 50% oxygen-rich air are sprayed in the molten bath 1 by spray gun 3; The degree of depth that lance head inserts melt 5 is 300mm, sprinkler pressure 0.20MPa.
Test manufacture continuously, melting atmosphere is controlled to be neutrality in the stove, and the slag that generates in the molten bath is emitted continuously; Flue gas SO
2Concentration reaches 11%, is used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; Metal oxide powder (flue dust) contains antimony 33.7%, leaded 40%; Antimony content in slag 1.8%, leaded 1.0%; Unit surface treatment capacity: 36-38t/m
2D.
Antimony lead oxygen powder is reduced into alloy earlier, and blowing separates again, and antimony oxygen powder restores, plumbous electrolysis.
Its melting reaction fundamental equation is:
2Sb
2S
3+9O
2＝2Sb
2O
3+6SO
2
2PbS+3O
2＝2PbO+2SO
2
Surplus with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The present invention is in step (1), and going into furnace charge is the antimony ore powder, contains antimony 28%, control material moisture content 9.8%, iron ore grade iron content 46%;
The present invention is in step (2), and batching is in 100 parts of antimony ore weight, by iron ore: Wingdale: lump coal is to prepare burden at 55: 21: 3;
The present invention is in step (3), and molten bath 1 degree of depth is controlled at 1700mm, and smelting temperature is controlled at 1250 ℃, and thermal value is 4606kJ/Nm
3Coal gas and 60% oxygen-rich air spray in the molten bath 1 by spray gun 3;
Melting atmosphere is controlled to be neutrality in the continuous production, stove, and the slag that generates in the molten bath is emitted continuously; Flue gas SO
2Concentration reaches 7.6%, is used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; Antimony oxygen powder contains antimony 〉=80%, and antimony oxygen powder send reverberatory furnace retailoring to become star metal; Antimony content in slag 1.4%.
Surplus with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
The present invention is in step (1), and going into furnace charge is the antimony ore powder, contains antimony 58%, control material moisture content 9.8%, and Wingdale contains calcium oxide 46%;
The present invention is in step (2), and batching is in 100 parts of antimony ore weight, by iron ore: Wingdale: lump coal is to prepare burden at 31: 16: 4;
The present invention is in step (3), and molten bath 1 degree of depth is controlled at 1600mm, and fine coal and 50% oxygen-rich air are sprayed in the molten bath 1 by spray gun 3;
Test manufacture continuously, melting atmosphere is controlled to be neutrality in the stove, and the slag that generates in the molten bath is emitted continuously; Flue gas SO
2Concentration reaches 16.7%, is used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; Antimony oxygen powder contains antimony 〉=81%, and antimony oxygen powder send reverberatory furnace retailoring to become star metal; Unit surface treatment capacity: 33t/m
2D.
Surplus with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5:
The present invention is in step (1), and going into the stove powder is plumbous antimony ore, contains antimony 20%, and is leaded 28%, control material moisture content 9.7%;
The present invention is in step (2), and batching is with embodiment 2;
The present invention is in step (3), and molten bath 1 degree of depth is controlled at 1500mm, and smelting temperature is controlled at 1290 ℃, and thermal value is 4606kJ/Nm
3Coal gas and 55% oxygen-rich air spray in the molten bath 1 by spray gun 3; The degree of depth that lance head inserts melt 5 is 320mm;
Test manufacture continuously, melting atmosphere is controlled to be weak oxide in the stove, and the slag that generates in the molten bath is emitted continuously; Flue gas SO
2Concentration reaches 12%, is used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; Plumbous antimony oxygen powder contains antimony 34%, leaded 41%; Antimony content in slag 1.6%, leaded 1.2%; Unit surface treatment capacity: 32t/m
2D.
Surplus with embodiment 2.
Claims (2)
1. a top-blown bath antimony smelting method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready: the antimony ore grade contains antimony 〉=20%, iron ore grade iron content 35%-60%, and Wingdale contains calcium oxide 30%-65%, and antimony ore, iron ore, Wingdale are crushed to granularity≤25mm respectively;
(2) batching: in 100 parts of antimony ore weight, by iron ore: Wingdale: lump coal is that 30-60: 15-25: 3-6 prepares burden;
(3) melting: the material that will prepare adds in the bath smelting furnace by charging opening continuously, pool depth is controlled at 1500mm-2000mm, spray into the oxygen-rich air that oxygen concn is 25%-90% from furnace roof by spray gun, simultaneously, add a kind of in Sweet natural gas or coal gas or the fine coal by spray gun, control its add-on and make the interior temperature of bath smelting furnace remain on 1150 ℃-1350 ℃, lance head inserts the melt degree of depth in bath smelting furnace be 150mm-350mm;
(4) gather dust, deslagging: the flue gas that contains weisspiessglanz is extracted out by blower fan from flue, through cooling, behind the bag-type dust, SO in the flue gas
2Be used for producing the industrial vitriol oil; The antimony oxygen powder that obtains that gathers dust send reverberatory furnace retailoring to become star metal; Slag is emitted shrend continuously.
2. one kind is adopted the bath smelting furnace of method according to claim 1, it comprises body of heater [6], molten bath [1] degree of depth that it is characterized in that body of heater [6] is 1500mm-2000mm, and body of heater [6] top is that furnace roof is provided with charging opening [2] and is used to add the spray gun [3] of fuel, oxygen-rich air; Flue [4] is located at body of heater [6] top, and body of heater [6] bottom is provided with slag notch [7].
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103173636A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-06-26 | 中南大学 | Antimony sulfide concentrate oxygen-enriched melting tank melting method |
| CN103924100A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 锡矿山闪星锑业有限责任公司 | Method and device for producing crude antimony by smelting antimony oxide-containing material in smelting furnace |
| CN103924101A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 锡矿山闪星锑业有限责任公司 | Method and device for producing crude antimony trioxide by smelting of rich oxygen side-blown volatile molten pool |
| CN104846215A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-08-19 | 江西瑞林稀贵金属科技有限公司 | Smelting furnace |
| CN106086477A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-09 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | The smelting system of antimony concentrate |
-
2010
- 2010-01-20 CN CN201010100003A patent/CN101768672A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103173636A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-06-26 | 中南大学 | Antimony sulfide concentrate oxygen-enriched melting tank melting method |
| CN103173636B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-03 | 中南大学 | Antimony sulfide concentrate oxygen-enriched melting tank melting method |
| CN103924100A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 锡矿山闪星锑业有限责任公司 | Method and device for producing crude antimony by smelting antimony oxide-containing material in smelting furnace |
| CN103924101A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 锡矿山闪星锑业有限责任公司 | Method and device for producing crude antimony trioxide by smelting of rich oxygen side-blown volatile molten pool |
| CN103924100B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-01-06 | 锡矿山闪星锑业有限责任公司 | A kind of method and device producing needle antimony containing weisspiessglanz material bath smelting |
| CN103924101B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-03-30 | 锡矿山闪星锑业有限责任公司 | Oxygen-enriched side-blowing volatilization bath smelting produces method and the device of thick antimonous oxide |
| CN104846215A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-08-19 | 江西瑞林稀贵金属科技有限公司 | Smelting furnace |
| CN106086477A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-09 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | The smelting system of antimony concentrate |
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