CN104498731B - A kind of method and apparatus of the solid sulfur melting of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus of the solid sulfur melting of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali Download PDFInfo
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- CN104498731B CN104498731B CN201410734457.5A CN201410734457A CN104498731B CN 104498731 B CN104498731 B CN 104498731B CN 201410734457 A CN201410734457 A CN 201410734457A CN 104498731 B CN104498731 B CN 104498731B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus of the solid sulfur melting of a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali；Belong to technical field of non-ferrous metallurgy.Lead-containing material, sodium carbonate and coal grain are mixed by the present invention; pelletize; deliver in joining side blown converter uniformly through conveying equipment; it is passed through oxygen-enriched air; carry out low-temperature alkali melting; output lead bullion or precious metals containing lead, smelting slag and three kinds of products of flue gas; the noble metal major parts such as gold silver enter in lead bullion; lead bullion is discharged by siphon port, and smelting slag is flowed out by slag tap, after smelting slag carries out water logging; filtrate fractional crystallization; obtaining sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide product, after flue gas ash removal, flue dust returns raw material, and waste gas can directly discharge after carrying out alkali liquor absorption.Technical solution of the present invention has the advantages such as energy consumption is low, low cost, environmental protection, has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus of the solid sulfur melting of a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali；Belong to nonferrous metallurgy skill
Art field.
Technical background
China is the country that lead resource is abundant in the world, occupies second place of the world, and not only distribution is wide, and type is many, and
And Resources Prospect is good.But, along with large-scale development in recent years, in China's lead resource, high-grade ore reduces year by year,
Compared with international lead resource, large ore deposit is few, middle-low grade resource accounts for more than 50%, develops
Find out that resource reserve accounts for nearly 55%, be available for design and the proportion finding out resource reserve of planning utilization be relatively low,
The reserves not utilized have focused largely on construction condition and the bad mining area of resources supplIes.From the beginning of 2000, I
State becomes importer from Qian Xin raw material net exporter.
Domestic lead consumption mainly lead battery, in the lead consumption structure of the whole nation, lead-acid accumulator consumption lead accounts for overall consumption
78%.Therefore, from waste lead storage battery, reclaim lead and become the main path that reviver reclaims.Reviver accounts for
The 40% of International Lead total output, but the reviver of 90% is from scrap battery.
Main in current most of reviver enterprises of China technique use traditional reverberatory furnace, blast furnace and soaring
The smelting technologies such as stove, grid is mixing together with lead mud, substantially without pretreating process；Some small enterprises, individual
Body family even uses original earth kiln soil stove to smelt；Also exist that number of the enterprise is many, small scale, power consumption is high, pollute
Seriously, industrial technology fall behind, metal recovery rate and the problem such as make a low multiple use.Mainly: lead recovery is low,
Domestic most factory response rate is generally 80%～85% (external mean level 95%)；Severe environmental pollution,
Due to backward in technique, the lead steam of discharge, lead dust, sulfur dioxide severe overweight in fusion process, reach country
Tens times of standard.
(the solid sulfur of the reduction of the leaded secondary material of low-sulfur and Fu Tie solid waste of heavy metal melts patent CN 102965510 A
Pond method of smelting and equipment) carry out oxygen enriched molten bath melting, sulfur, with the form output of ferrum sulfonium, eliminates low concentration dioxy
Change sulphur pollution, it is achieved that the melting continuously of the leaded secondary material of low-sulfur, there is eco-friendly advantage.But melting
Process is pyroreaction, and energy consumption is relatively big, and in flue gas, Dust Capacity is big, and ferrum sulfonium productivity is big, reclaims weight after ferrum sulfonium
New antacid, cost of investment and production cost are bigger.
Due to above various reasons, above oxygen enriched molten bath melting technique does not the most obtain industrial utilization, existing regeneration
Lead resource still uses original blast furnace high melt technology, therefore needs a kind of practical skill of exploitation badly
Art.
Current technology utilizes side-blown converter to carry out the solid sulfur melting of oxygen-enriched side-blowing, and the material of process mainly divides two classes, and one
Class be fired after primary ore, a class is reviver material；When processing regeneration feed, typically use with irony
Carry out solid sulfur, generate ferrum sulfonium, after ferrum sulfonium is broken, carry out roasting antacid.But no matter using any material, it melts
Refining temperature is typically at about 1200 DEG C, and therefore energy consumption is high.When using the primary ore after roasting as raw material,
Need to provide supporting acid making system, but acid making system investment is big, Product recycling profit is low；It is caused to realize
Large-scale low energy consumption, the production of high benefit.Use reviver material, with irony for sulphur-fixing agent smelt time,
Owing to smelting temperature original text, sulfur exist with the sulphate form of low value, it is also caused to realize the lowest
Energy consumption, the production of high benefit.
Summary of the invention
The high pollution that exists for existing reviver resource blast furnace volatile smelting technology, high energy consumption and existing
Oxygen enriched molten bath melting technique cannot the deficiency of industrialization conscientiously, it is desirable to provide a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkaline
Property solid sulfur melting method and apparatus.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, comprises the steps:
Step one
By the granulation that adds water after lead-containing material, reducing agent, sodium carbonate mix homogeneously, obtain smelting standby granule；Institute
The mass ratio stating sodium carbonate and lead-containing material is 0.4-5:1；The consumption of reducing agent is by complete for the lead in lead-containing material
Portion is reduced to 1.5-3 times of the theoretical amount of simple substance lead；
Step 2
Step one gained is smelted standby granule, is continuously added in oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting furnace and is passed through oxygen rich gas,
At 800～1000 DEG C, carry out reduction melting, obtain lead bullion or precious metals containing lead, smelting slag, flue gas.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, described lead-containing material is former selected from reviver
Material or the mixture of reviver raw material and lead ore powder, described reviver raw material selected from scrap battery clay and screen,
At least one in sulphuric acid lead skim, lead oxide flue dust, matte slag.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, described lead ore powder is selected from galena
At least one in powder, lead chloride ground-slag, lead fume dirt.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, the granularity≤5mm of described lead-containing material.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, described reducing agent is solid reductant,
At least one in coke, activated carbon, reduction coal of described solid reductant；The grain of described solid reductant
Degree≤10mm.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, in described lead-containing material, the quality of lead
Percentage composition is 30-90%.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, O in described oxygen rich gas2Volume is dense
Degree is 30%～90%, and it is 0.1MPa～1.6MPa that oxygen rich gas sends into pressure, O in oxygen rich gas2Flow and smelting
The relation refining standby particulate charge amount is: (180Nm3～420Nm3)/(t smelts standby granule).
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, described oxygen rich gas is by oxygen and nitrogen
Composition.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, the granularity smelting standby granule is
3mm～25mm；Smelting the weight/mass percentage composition of water in standby granule is 7%～15%.
The method of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, in reviver raw material and/or lead ore powder
The sulfur contained enters in smelting slag with the form of sodium sulfide, smelting slag carbonic acid in water logging recycles smelting slag
Sodium and sodium sulfide；Described water logging is: be added to the water by smelting slag by liquid-solid mass ratio 3-6:1, until slag
Filtering after complete loose pulverizing, filtrate, through fractional crystallization, obtains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide product respectively；During water logging,
Control temperature and be 20-90 DEG C.
The equipment of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, including being positioned at the resistance to of side-blown bottom of furnace body
Firebrick is built cupola well (9) by laying bricks or stones, is positioned at the Copper Water Jacket (10) in the middle part of body of heater and is positioned at the molten steel set of upper of furnace body
(11), main charge door, auxiliary charge door, exhaust opening (4), slag discharge port (7), metal discharge port
(8), main air port (2), overfiren air port (6), tertiary air orifice (5)；Described main air port (2) is arranged
The bottom of Copper Water Jacket (10), described overfiren air port (6) is arranged on the top of molten steel set (11)；Described three
Secondary air port (5) is arranged on the top of molten steel set；Described slag discharge port (7) be arranged on main air port (2) with
Under.
The equipment of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, described main air port (2) arrives cupola well (9)
The ratio that the vertical dimension of bottom is high with stove is 0.4-0.7:1；
Described overfiren air port (6) is 0.5-0.9:1 to the ratio that the vertical dimension of cupola well (9) bottom is high with stove；
Described tertiary air orifice (5) is 0.7-1:1 to the ratio that the vertical dimension of cupola well (9) bottom is high with stove.
When the equipment of the solid sulfur melting of the present invention a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali is used for smelting lead-containing material, by master
Air port (2), overfiren air port (6), tertiary air orifice (5) are passed through oxygen rich gas in stove；During smelting, main
The aspirated pressure in air port (2) is 0.2MPa～2Mpa, O in main air port (2) sent into oxygen rich gas2Flow
50Nm is met with smelting the standby particulate charge amount of refining3～150Nm3)/(t smelts standby granule)；Overfiren air port
(6) aspirated pressure is 0.1MPa～0.4MPa, O in overfiren air port (6) sent into oxygen rich gas2Flow
Satisfied (the 20Nm of standby particulate charge amount is refined with smelting3～120Nm3)/(t smelts standby granule)；Tertiary air
The aspirated pressure of mouth (5) is 0.1MPa～0.4MPa, O in tertiary air orifice (5) sent into oxygen rich gas2Stream
Amount refines the satisfied (5Nm of standby particulate charge amount with smelting3～80Nm3)/(t smelts standby granule).
Beneficial effect
Sodium carbonate, reviver material and reducing agent are first carried out dispensing by the present invention, and the compound after preparing adds
In side-blown converter, blast and oxygen-enriched carry out melting, the oxygen-enriched slag blanket that directly blasts of fusion process, oxygen with fall into slag blanket
In coal grain direct reaction, be greatly accelerated response speed, each component generation redox reaction in lead-containing material,
Separating out liquid lead, the metallic lead that reaction generates sinks to the bottommost in molten bath, finally by rainbow owing to density is relatively big
Suction inlet is released, and slag blanket floats on molten bath topmost, and the smelting slag agitation below air port is little.
The advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. due to the fact that the method taking caustic fusion, it is achieved that lead under the conditions of low temperature, low stain one
Step reduction melting so that whole smelting process is simple, easily-controllable.Simultaneously can also the sodium sulfide of output high level.
2. in the present invention, sulfur is fixed with the form of sodium sulfide, output high level vulcanizate, is processing containing gold, silver
During Deng the reviver raw material of noble metal, can the noble metal such as synthetical recovery gold, silver, good in economic efficiency.
3. utilizing side-blown converter to carry out low smelting heat under excess oxygen, energy consumption is low, and reducing atmosphere controls good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of side-blown converter of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the side view of side-blown converter of the present invention.
In the drawings
1-molten bath district；2-main air port；3-charge door；4-exhaust opening；5-tertiary air orifice；6-overfiren air port；
7-slag discharge port；8-metal discharge port；9-cupola well；10-Copper Water Jacket；11-molten steel set.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Design cupola well a size of 1600 × 2500mm, hearth area are 4m2Side-blown converter, stove both sides are respectively arranged
3 main air ports, by slag discharge port and put metallic antimony mouth Position Design guarantee the slag blanket degree of depth 1200mm,
Metallic antimony layer depth is at 500mm, and on melt liquid level, at 1500mm, stove both sides respectively arrange 3 overfiren air ports,
Above overfiren air port, at 1000mm, stove both sides respectively arrange 2 tertiary air orifices, arrangeCharge door one
Individual, exhaust opening a size of 400 × 400mm.
Above-mentioned side-blown converter is tested.
Get the raw materials ready:
Taking the scrap battery clay of leaded 68.76% to mix with the broken grid of leaded 93.12%, mixed material contains
Lead 76.31%；Sodium carbonate addition is the 40% of relative lead materials quality, and adding coal grain amount is relative lead materials
The 10% of quality, above-mentioned material is added water in drum pelletizer material moisture is 8%, makes particle diameter and exists
The spherolite of 5mm～18mm is standby.
Melting:
Being joined in above-mentioned side-blown converter with the charging rate of 10t/h by above-mentioned spherolite material, smelting temperature controls
Between 800～900 DEG C, O in the oxygen-enriched air that main air port blasts2Concentration is 50%, and remaining is N2, oxygen-enriched sky
Atmospheric pressure is 0.8MPa, and oxygen-enriched air flow is 3000Nm3/h；O in secondary wind and tertiary air2Concentration is all
50%, remaining is N2, Stress control is at 0.2MPa, and secondary air flow is 500Nm3/ h, tertiary air flow is
300Nm3/h.Lead recovery 94.31%, lead bullion leaded 98.74%.Take slag 50kg 150L water at room temperature
Lower immersion, substep reclaims sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide, and condensing crystallizing obtains sodium sulfide product 10kg, sulfur-fixing rate step by step
More than 90%.
Embodiment 2:
Smelting furnace is same as in Example 1.
Get the raw materials ready:
Taking the scrap battery clay and leaded 20.14% of leaded 68.76%, the sulphide ore original ore powder of Au 4g/t mixes
Close, compound leaded 50.12%；Sodium carbonate addition is the 40% of relative lead materials quality, adds coal grain amount
For the 10% of relative lead materials quality, it is 8% that above-mentioned material adds water in drum pelletizer material moisture,
Make particle diameter standby at the spherolite of 5mm～18mm.
Melting:
Being joined in above-mentioned side-blown converter with the charging rate of 10t/h by above-mentioned spherolite material, smelting temperature controls
Between 800～900 DEG C, O in the oxygen-enriched air that main air port blasts2Concentration is 50%, and remaining is N2, oxygen-enriched sky
Atmospheric pressure is 0.8MPa, and oxygen-enriched air flow is 3000Nm3/h；O in secondary wind and tertiary air2Concentration is all
50%, remaining is N2, Stress control is at 0.2MPa, and secondary air flow is 500Nm3/ h, tertiary air flow is
300Nm3/h.Lead recovery 93.11%, lead bullion leaded 99.12%, the 8.2g/t Han Au in lead bullion, gold direct yield
97.67%.Taking slag 50kg 150L water to soak at normal temperatures, substep reclaims sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide, point
Step condensing crystallizing obtains sodium sulfide product 18kg, and sulfur-fixing rate is more than 90%.
Claims (3)
1. the equipment of the solid sulfur melting of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali, it is characterised in that: include being positioned at side-blown converter
Cupola well (9) bottom body, it is positioned at the Copper Water Jacket (10) in the middle part of body of heater and is positioned at the molten steel set of upper of furnace body
(11), main charge door, auxiliary charge door, exhaust opening (4), slag discharge port (7), metal discharge port (8),
Main air port (2), overfiren air port (6), tertiary air orifice (5)；Described main air port (2) arranges Copper Water Jacket (10)
Bottom, described overfiren air port (6) is arranged on the top of molten steel set (11)；Described tertiary air orifice (5) sets
Put the top at molten steel set；Described slag discharge port (7) is arranged on main air port (2) below.
The equipment of the solid sulfur melting of a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In:
Described main air port (2) is 0.4-0.7:1 to the ratio that the vertical dimension of cupola well (9) bottom is high with stove；
Described overfiren air port (6) is 0.5-0.9:1 to the ratio that the vertical dimension of cupola well (9) bottom is high with stove；
Described tertiary air orifice (5) is 0.7-1:1 to the ratio that the vertical dimension of cupola well (9) bottom is high with stove.
The equipment of the solid sulfur melting of a kind of oxygen-enriched side-blowing low-temperature alkali the most according to claim 1, its feature
It is: when being used for smelting lead-containing material, by main air port (2), overfiren air port (6), tertiary air orifice (5)
It is passed through oxygen rich gas in stove；During smelting, the aspirated pressure of main air port (2) is 0.2MPa～2MPa, main air
O in mouth (2) sent into oxygen rich gas2Flow meets 50Nm with smelting the standby particulate charge amount of refining3～150Nm3/t
Smelt standby granule；The aspirated pressure of overfiren air port (6) is 0.1MPa～0.4MPa, overfiren air port (6) institute
Send into O in oxygen rich gas2Flow meets 20Nm with smelting the standby particulate charge amount of refining3～120Nm3/ t smelts standby
Use granule；The aspirated pressure of tertiary air orifice (5) is 0.1MPa～0.4MPa, and tertiary air orifice (5) is sent into richness
O in carrier of oxygen2Flow meets 5Nm with smelting the standby particulate charge amount of refining3～80Nm3/ t smelts standby granule.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104846214B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-05-10 | 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 | Method for processing heavy metal-containing gypsum residue by oxygen-rich top-blown lead smelting furnace |
| CN104894379A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-09-09 | 池州西恩新材料科技有限公司 | Method for carrying out reduction treatment on solid waste containing heavy metal through oxygen-enriched side blown converter |
| CN104862483A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-26 | 杨华锋 | Method for disposing secondary lead materials by high oxygen-enriched side-blown bath smelting combination acid-making system |
| PE20170608A1 (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-05-24 | Arbieto Francisco Javier Cardenas | PROCESS TO EXTRACT METALS FROM ITS SULFURATED MINERALS THROUGH DIRECT REDUCTION WITH REGENERATION AND RECYCLING OF THE IRON REDUCING AGENT AND THE FUNDING SODIUM CARBONATE |
| CN106086459A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-09 | 安阳市岷山有色金属有限责任公司 | A kind of oxygen bottom-blowing direct-reduction lead smelting process |
| CN106498164A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-15 | 湖南中大联合创新科技发展有限公司 | A kind of process for processing non-ferrous metal material using energy saving and environment friendly oxygen-enriched air smelting stove |
| CN108239705B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-09-06 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | A kind of zinc leaching residue processing dual chamber Double bottom side-blown converter and its processing method |
| CN110295285B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-04-16 | 四川正祥环保技术有限公司 | Method for recovering zinc from oxygen-enriched solid sulfur reduction smelting slag |
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| CN202152363U (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-02-29 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Smelting furnace with oxygen-enriched side-blown reducing molten bath |
| CN102776383A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-14 | 杨龙安 | Method for smelting crude lead in oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting furnace |
| CN103320614A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-09-25 | 郴州市金贵银业股份有限公司 | Lead matte pyrogenic process treatment technology |
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| CN202152363U (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-02-29 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Smelting furnace with oxygen-enriched side-blown reducing molten bath |
| CN102776383A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-14 | 杨龙安 | Method for smelting crude lead in oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting furnace |
| CN103320614A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-09-25 | 郴州市金贵银业股份有限公司 | Lead matte pyrogenic process treatment technology |
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