CN101768432A - Corrosion-resistant propping agent - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant propping agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN101768432A CN101768432A CN200810187650A CN200810187650A CN101768432A CN 101768432 A CN101768432 A CN 101768432A CN 200810187650 A CN200810187650 A CN 200810187650A CN 200810187650 A CN200810187650 A CN 200810187650A CN 101768432 A CN101768432 A CN 101768432A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corrosion-resistant propping agent for oil exploitation, which mainly comprises mixed filler particles, resin and a curing agent. The weight ratio of the mixed filler particles and the resin is 100: (0.1-9), and the curing agent accounts for 5-30wt% of the weight of the resin, wherein the mixed filler particles comprise inorganic powder and a carbon nano tube; the average particle diameter of the inorganic powder is within 10 to 40mum, and the inorganic powder accounts for 80-99wt% of the weight of the mixed filler particles; the diameter of the carbon nano tube is within 1 to 20nm, and the axial length is within 10 to 100mum. The corrosion-resistant propping agent has the advantages of strong environmental corrosion resisting capability and high compressive strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil, gas well propping agent in the oilfield exploitation field, relate to the oil in the oilfield exploitation field, the preparation method of gas well propping agent specifically.
Background technology
Because the crude oil viscosity is big, the rock stratum voidage is low, and the space is connective poor, brings very big difficulty to oil extraction operation.In order to improve crude yield and oil recovery rate, people generally adopt propping agent to improve space, rock stratum and space connectedness.In actual mechanical process,, need propping agent to possess that anti-environmental attack ability is strong, intensity is high and low density characteristic usually in order to improve the rate of permeation of oil, gas.
A kind of composite proppant is disclosed in the U.S. Pat 2002048676, form by filler grain and binding agent, wherein the median size of filler grain is 0.5-60 μ m, wherein the volumn concentration of filler grain in composite proppant is 60-90%, filler grain is the big inorganic particulates such as mineral powders of density by the intensity height, grinding as plant shells such as nut-shells that density is little with intensity is low mixes, carry out a certain proportion of mixing by powder, finally obtain the propping agent of improved performance two kinds of different qualities.But still there is following defective in the prior art:
(1) hardness such as inorganic particle such as quartz sand are big in the composite proppant of the prior art, supporting capacity is strong, in the rock stratum, can play skeleton function, but its shock resistance difference and density are bigger, of the fracturing fluid carry in the process when collision mutually takes place between particle broken easily and easily sedimentation takes place and can't arrive the rock seam and play the effect of supporting the rock seam; Though and plant shell has good impact resistance and lower density, in fracturing liquid carries the process of propping agent, can play absorption, disperse the effect of the collision potential energy between propping agent and be difficult for sedimentation in fracturing liquid, but the ultimate compression strength of plant shell is not high, the environmental corrosion resisting ability is relatively poor, the long-time back plant shell that uses is broken owing to self degraded taking place in the actual application, thereby finally causes the fragmentation of propping agent to reduce the water conservancy diversion rate of rock stratum.Therefore in the prior art, the voltage endurance capability of propping agent and anti-environmental attack ability are all undesirable.
(2) in addition, resin content accounts for more than the 10wt% of propping agent in the prior art, be that resin content is higher, and the increasing to have reduced and mainly play the inorganic particle of skeleton function such as the content of quartz sand in the propping agent of resin content, very easily broken under the high impact forces effect, and resin is easy degradation with aging in environment, causes the propping agent environmental resistance to reduce.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, technical problem to be solved by this invention is: composite proppant of the prior art has the defective of not high, the anti-environmental attack ability of intensity.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of corrosion-resistant propping agent, described corrosion-resistant propping agent mainly comprises the mixed fillers particle, resin and solidifying agent, the weight ratio of described mixed fillers particle and described resin is 100: (0.1-9), described solidifying agent accounts for the 5-30wt% of described weight resin, wherein, described mixed fillers particle comprises inorganic powder and carbon nanotube, the median size of described inorganic powder is 10-40 μ m and the 80-99wt% that accounts for described mixed fillers particle weight, and the diameter of described carbon nanotube is that 1-20nm and axial length are 10-100 μ m.
Described carbon nanotube is Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and/or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
The diameter of described carbon nanotube is that 5-10nm and axial length are 20-80 μ m.
Described inorganic powder accounts for the 93-98wt% of described mixed fillers particle, and the median size of described mixed fillers particle is 20-30 μ m.
Described inorganic powder is formed after crushed by quartz sand and/or haydite sand.
The weight ratio of described mixed fillers particle and described resin is 100: (2-6).
Described composite particles also comprises softening agent, and described softening agent accounts for the 1-30wt% of described weight resin, and described softening agent is one or more in adjacent benzene two type manthanoate, fatty group dibasic acid, the phosphoric acid ester.
Described softening agent accounts for the 10-20wt% of described weight resin.
Described solidifying agent accounts for the 10-20wt% of described weight resin.
Described resin is a resol, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of Paraformaldehyde 96, vulkacit H; Or
Described resin is furane resin, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of Phenylsulfonic acid, toluenesulphonic acids, xylene monosulfonic acid; Or
Described resin is a Resins, epoxy, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of fatty amine and affixture, tertiary amine and salt thereof, aromatic amine and modification body thereof, imidazoles; Or
Described resin is a unsaturated polyester resin, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of acyl peroxide class, peroxyesters; Or
Described resin is a Vinylite, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of acyl peroxide class, peroxyesters.
Compared with prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) body material in the corrosion-resistant propping agent is the mixture that inorganic powder and carbon nanotube mix formation by a certain percentage among the present invention, because good corrosion resistance and low-density character that carbon nanotube itself has, thereby anti-environmental attack ability, the anti-pressure ability of whole propping agent have been improved on the one hand greatly, can play the effect that reduces support density on the other hand, thereby effectively prevent the situation that propping agent settles from fracturing liquid.
(2) in addition,, carry the process that propping agent injects the rock seam, can partially absorb and collide potential energy between propping agent, thereby reduce propping agent because the broken situation that produces during collision at fracturing liquid because carbon nanotube self has high toughness.
(3) median size of mixed fillers particle proves by experiment that for being controlled at 10-40 μ m the composite particles among the present invention has good anti-pressure ability and shock proof ability among the present invention.
(4) among the present invention, control resin content and adding can increase the softening agent of mechanical strength of resin, still have the good bond effect and the purpose of intensity simultaneously thereby reached reduction composite particles cost.
Embodiment
Next in conjunction with the embodiments the corrosion-resistant propping agent among the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
95g quartz sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the quartz sand powder of 30 μ m, carries out thorough mixing with 5g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube carbon nanotube again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 10nm, and axial length is 80 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with 6g resol, add the 1.2g dibutyl phthalate in the coating process, add the 1.2g hexamethylenetetramine again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S1 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 95g quartz sand powder of 30 μ m, 5g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, and 6g resol, 1.2g dibutyl phthalate and 1.2g hexamethylenetetramine among the propping agent S1 for preparing by this method.
Hexamethylenetetramine is to make overlay film have the resin layer of certain intensity with formation in the resin solidification of quartz sand surface as the effect of solidifying agent.Dibutyl phthalate reduces its fragility and increases anti-breaking capacity as the performance that can improve resin molding that act as of softening agent.
Embodiment 2
93g haydite sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the haydite sand powder of 10 μ m, carries out thorough mixing with the 7g double-walled carbon nano-tube again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 20nm, and axial length is 100 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with the 9g furane resin, add 2.7g Phenylsulfonic acid, toluenesulphonic acids mixture in the coating process, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S2 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 93g haydite sand powder of 10 μ m, 7g double-walled carbon nano-tube, and 9g furane resin, 0.09g dibutyl phthalate and 2.7g Phenylsulfonic acid, toluenesulphonic acids mixture among the propping agent S2 for preparing by this method.
Embodiment 3
The mixture of 99g quartz sand and haydite sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the quartz sand of 40 μ m and the mixture powder of haydite sand, carries out thorough mixing with the 1g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube again, thereby forms mixed fillers particle, the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 1nm, and axial length is 10 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with the 0.1g furane resin, add the 0.03g dimixo-octyl phthalate in the coating process, add the 0.02g xylene monosulfonic acid again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S3 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 95g quartz sand of 40 μ m and the mixture powder of haydite sand, 5g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, and 0.1g furane resin, 0.03g dimixo-octyl phthalate and 0.02g xylene monosulfonic acid among the propping agent S3 for preparing by this method.
Embodiment 4
90g quartz sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the quartz sand powder of 20 μ m, carries out thorough mixing with the 10g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 7nm, and axial length is 50 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with 2g Resins, epoxy, add the 0.2g Polycizer W 260 in the coating process, add 0.2g aliphatics amine solidifying agent again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S4 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 90g quartz sand powder of 20 μ m, 10g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, and 2g Resins, epoxy, 0.2g Polycizer W 260 and 0.2g aliphatics amine solidifying agent among the propping agent S4 for preparing by this method.
Embodiment 5
80g quartz sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the quartz sand powder of 25 μ m, carries out thorough mixing with the 20g double-walled carbon nano-tube again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 5nm, and axial length is 20 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with the 5g unsaturated polyester resin, add the 0.75g diisooctyl sebacate in the coating process, add 0.25g acyl peroxide class solidifying agent again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S5 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 80g quartz sand of 25 μ m, 20g double-walled carbon nanometer, and 5g unsaturated polyester resin, 0.75g diisooctyl sebacate and 0.25g acyl peroxide class solidifying agent among the propping agent S5 for preparing by this method.
Embodiment 6
98g quartz sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the quartz sand powder of 15 μ m, and the mixture with 2g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and double-walled carbon nano-tube carries out thorough mixing again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and double-walled carbon nano-tube is 15nm, and axial length is 70 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with the 8g Vinylite, add the 2g triphenylphosphate in the coating process, add 2g peroxyesters solidifying agent again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S6 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 98g quartz sand of 15 μ m, the mixture of 2g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and double-walled carbon nano-tube, and 8g Vinylite, 2g triphenylphosphate and 2g peroxyesters solidifying agent among the propping agent S6 for preparing by this method.
Embodiment 7
96g haydite sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the haydite sand of 28 μ m, carries out thorough mixing with the 4g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 8nm, and axial length is 40 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with 4g resol, add 0.72g Tritolyl Phosphate and triisooctyl phosphate mixture in the coating process, add 0.64g six polyoxymethylene again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S7 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 96g haydite sand powder of 28 μ m, 4g Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, and 4g resol, 0.72g Tritolyl Phosphate and triisooctyl phosphate mixture and 0.64g six polyoxymethylene among the propping agent S7 for preparing by this method.
Embodiment 8
85g quartz sand is pulverized, and forming median size is the quartz sand powder of 30 μ m, carries out thorough mixing with the 15g double-walled carbon nano-tube again, thereby forms the mixed fillers particle.Wherein the diameter of double-walled carbon nano-tube is 3nm, and axial length is 15 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with 6g resol, add the 1.2g dibutyl phthalate in the coating process, add the 1.2g hexamethylenetetramine again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent S8 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is the 85g quartz sand powder of 30 μ m, 15g double-walled carbon nano-tube, and 6g resol, 1.2g dibutyl phthalate and 1.2g hexamethylenetetramine among the propping agent S8 for preparing by this method.
Comparative Examples 1
95g quartz sand and 5g nut-shell are pulverized, thereby quartz sand powder and the nut-shell filler grain that forms mixed stirring formation mixed fillers particle fully, the median size of mixed fillers particle is 30 μ m.
Coat described mixed fillers particle with 6g resol, add the 1.2g dibutyl phthalate in the coating process, add the 1.2g hexamethylenetetramine again, fully stir so that the resin of overlay film on described mixed fillers particle surface begins to solidify.
After described compound solidified, agent C1 was supported after cooling, fragmentation, screening.Comprise that median size is 95g quartz sand and the 5g nut-shell of 0.5 μ m among the propping agent C1 for preparing by this method, and 6g resol, 1.2g dibutyl phthalate and 1.2g hexamethylenetetramine.
Need to prove that the process of resin-coated mixed fillers particle is well known to those skilled in the art among the present invention, so do not give unnecessary details.
Evaluation Example
Propping agent S1-S8 and propping agent C1 that embodiment 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1 are prepared carry out the test of percentage of damage, acid solubility and propping agent flow conductivity.Wherein,
Acid solubility is meant at the acid solution of regulation and in the sour molten time, propping agent is by the per-cent of sour dissolved quality and propping agent original quality, the concrete operations condition is: each propping agent is soaked 1 hour in the 1mol/L phosphoric acid solution after, after washing drying, measure separately weight and ask the weight that dissolves, measure acid solubility by preceding method.
The percentage of damage of propping agent is meant that the tiny broken particle of particle generation under the locking pressure effect accounts for the percentage composition of the original gross weight of particle.Percentage of damage reflects the size of its anti-pressure ability.The locking pressure that is determined at of percentage of damage is to carry out under the 69MPa among the present invention.
Flow conductivity the condition of test be in API standard diversion chamber, employing waits mass measurement method, sanding concentration 5.0g/m
2, Experimental Flowing Object is the KCl solution of 2wt%, locking pressure is 20MPa.
The specification of propping agent is 20/40 order among the present invention in addition.Above-mentioned test result sees Table 1.
By the data in the table 1 as can be seen, by carbon nanotube and the proportioning of inorganic powder and the specification of carbon nanotube self in the control mixed fillers particle, and select the softening agent that is fit to, the propping agent of solidifying agent preparation to have good anti-breaking capacity and good acid resistance energy and flow conductivity.
Analyze the propping agent S1 of embodiment 1 preparation and the propping agent C1 of Comparative Examples 1 preparation, as can be seen because the filler grain among the propping agent C1 adopts the vegetable filler particle of anti-environmental attack ability, so under acid environment, the propping agent acid solubility obviously increases, mean that the anti-environmental attack ability of propping agent is relatively poor, and add a certain proportion of carbon nanotube in the stuff and other stuff of the propping agent of the present invention's preparation, make the antiacid erosional competency of propping agent increase substantially.
The percentage of damage of analysis propping agent S1 to S8 as can be seen, under the similar situation of other preparation conditions, length of carbon nanotube is long more, the anti-breaking capacity of propping agent is high more, flow conductivity is good more, analyzing its major cause is: when carbon nanotube has long length, its degree of flexibility is high more, can absorb more stress under locking pressure or impact effect, thereby improves resistance to compression, the anti-collision ability of propping agent.And along with the axial length of carbon nanotube is short more, the acidproof erosional competency of propping agent is strong more, analyzes its major cause to be: the axial length of carbon nanotube is short more, and it is abundant more with mixing of inorganic powder, resin is easier to be immersed in the carbon nanotube, improves the acidproof erosive ability of resin molding.
Corrosion-resistant propping agent among the present invention can directly use as propping agent, and the matrix that also can be used as other propping agents uses.
Obviously, the foregoing description only is for example clearly is described, and is not the qualification to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give exhaustive to all embodiments.And conspicuous variation of being extended out thus or change still belong among the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Table 1
| The composite particles sample | Percentage of damage % | Acid solubility wt ‰ | Flow conductivity μ m 2·cm |
| ??S1 | ??2.12 | ??2.0 | ??138.9 |
| ??S2 | ??1.98 | ??2.1 | ??140.1 |
| ??S3 | ??3.74 | ??0.5 | ??118.2 |
| ??S4 | ??2.27 | ??1.8 | ??135.5 |
| ??S5 | ??3.01 | ??0.9 | ??121.0 |
| ??S6 | ??2.71 | ??1.7 | ??128.4 |
| ??S7 | ??2.97 | ??1.3 | ??124.8 |
| ??S8 | ??3.23 | ??0.7 | ??119.7 |
| ??C1 | ??4.47 | ??3.7 | ??68.2 |
| ??C2 | ??3.90 | ??3.9 | ??81.4 |
Claims (10)
1. corrosion-resistant propping agent, it is characterized in that: described corrosion-resistant propping agent mainly comprises mixed fillers particle, resin and solidifying agent, the weight ratio of described mixed fillers particle and described resin is 100: (0.1-9), described solidifying agent accounts for the 5-30wt% of described weight resin, wherein, described mixed fillers particle comprises inorganic powder and carbon nanotube, the median size of described inorganic powder is 10-40 μ m and the 80-99wt% that accounts for described mixed fillers particle weight, and the diameter of described carbon nanotube is that 1-20nm and axial length are 10-100 μ m.
2. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described carbon nanotube is Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and/or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
3. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described carbon nanotube is that 5-10nm and axial length are 20-80 μ m.
4. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inorganic powder accounts for the 93-98wt% of described mixed fillers particle, and the median size of described mixed fillers particle is 20-30 μ m.
5. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inorganic powder is formed after crushed by quartz sand and/or haydite sand.
6. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described mixed fillers particle and described resin is 100: (2-6).
7. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composite particles also comprises softening agent, described softening agent accounts for the 1-30wt% of described weight resin, and described softening agent is one or more in adjacent benzene two type manthanoate, fatty group dibasic acid, the phosphoric acid ester.
8. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 7, it is characterized in that: described softening agent accounts for the 10-20wt% of described weight resin.
9. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described solidifying agent accounts for the 10-20wt% of described weight resin.
10. according to the described corrosion-resistant propping agent of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described resin is a resol, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of Paraformaldehyde 96, vulkacit H; Or
Described resin is furane resin, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of Phenylsulfonic acid, toluenesulphonic acids, xylene monosulfonic acid; Or
Described resin is a Resins, epoxy, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of fatty amine and affixture, tertiary amine and salt thereof, aromatic amine and modification body thereof, imidazoles; Or
Described resin is a unsaturated polyester resin, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of acyl peroxide class, peroxyesters; Or
Described resin is a Vinylite, and the described solidifying agent of its correspondence is one or more of acyl peroxide class, peroxyesters.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102443387A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 北京仁创砂业科技有限公司 | Hydrophobic proppant and preparation method thereof |
| CN103086649A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-05-08 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Method for rushing to repair damaged road surfaces rapidly |
| CN103086643A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-05-08 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Self-compact and quickly-cured pavement patching material, preparation method thereof and application |
| CN103175771A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-06-26 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Test method for acid resistance, alkali resistance and salt resistance of fracture proppant |
| CN110573592A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2019-12-13 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | nanoparticle reinforced resin coated frac sand compositions |
| CN110982510A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN104962276B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2019-03-08 | 扬州市政兴树脂有限公司 | Modified carbon nano-tube toughened resin coated sand proppant and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA2302688C (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2005-09-27 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Composite proppant, composite filtration media and methods for making and using same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102443387A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 北京仁创砂业科技有限公司 | Hydrophobic proppant and preparation method thereof |
| CN102443387B (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2016-08-03 | 北京仁创砂业科技有限公司 | A kind of hydrophobic proppant and preparation method thereof |
| CN103086649A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-05-08 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Method for rushing to repair damaged road surfaces rapidly |
| CN103086643A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-05-08 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Self-compact and quickly-cured pavement patching material, preparation method thereof and application |
| CN103086643B (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2014-12-03 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Self-compact and quickly-cured pavement patching material, preparation method thereof and application |
| CN103086649B (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2014-12-03 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Method for rushing to repair damaged road surfaces rapidly |
| CN103175771A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-06-26 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Test method for acid resistance, alkali resistance and salt resistance of fracture proppant |
| CN110573592A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2019-12-13 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | nanoparticle reinforced resin coated frac sand compositions |
| CN110982510A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110982510B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2022-08-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Hydraulic fracturing propping agent and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101768432B (en) | 2013-02-13 |
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