CN101765031A - Large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system - Google Patents
Large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101765031A CN101765031A CN200910243040A CN200910243040A CN101765031A CN 101765031 A CN101765031 A CN 101765031A CN 200910243040 A CN200910243040 A CN 200910243040A CN 200910243040 A CN200910243040 A CN 200910243040A CN 101765031 A CN101765031 A CN 101765031A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system, which belongs to field of fiber sensing, comprising a broadband light source, a tunable filter, a signal processing system, a photodetector, 1 x 2 couplers, 1 x 8 optical switches, 8 optical splitters, 32 fiber delay lines, and 32 fiber Bragg grating sensors which are connected in serial. The sensing network is arranged through connecting fiber grading sensors of different centre wavelengths in serial and connecting a plurality of sensors in parallel, through the time delay of the fiber delay line, the reflected signals of different paths are separated in time sequence, therefore, the signal processing system can distinguish the source of the signal according to the differences of the receiving time combining with the number information stored in the memory, realizes the combination of the time division multiplex and the wavelength division multiplex, the number of measuring points is four times that of the only-used the wavelength division multiplex, is dependent on the length difference of the time-delay fiber, the impulse width and the duty ratio, therefore, the number of measuring points is more, the measuring range is large, and multi-point distributed large-capacity monitoring can be conducted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, be specifically related to a kind of distributed large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system of multiple spot that is used for.
Background technology
The transducer field that has a wide range of applications is the research focus for many years always.Since fiber-optic grating sensor have the electromagnetic interference of not being subjected to, safely, be convenient to networking and remote remote measurement, the anticorrosive series of advantages such as adverse circumstances that is suitable for has become one of mainstream development direction of new generation sensor gradually.
Fiber grating is as a kind of optics, is to set up a kind of space refractive index cycle to distribute in optical fiber, is the device that the propagation characteristic of light is therein changed.When wideband light source incided in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, its catoptrical central wavelength lambda was provided by Bragg equation:
λ＝2nΛ
Wherein, n is the effective refractive index of fibre core, and Λ is the grating cycle.
When physical quantitys such as the temperature of fiber-optic grating sensor environment of living in and strain change, can cause λ to change and wavelength variable quantity Δ λ all linear with temperature and strain within the specific limits, when variation of ambient temperature with when being subjected to stress, corresponding wave length shift magnitude relation can be expressed as:
Δλ
T/λ＝(α+ξ)ΔT
Δλ
ε/λ＝ε(1-γ)
Wherein ε is the strain of optical fiber, and γ is the elasto-optical coefficient of fiber optic materials, and α is the coefficient of thermal expansion of fiber optic materials, and Δ T is a temperature variation, and ξ=1/n (dn/dT) is a thermo-optical coeffecient.Just can draw the situation of change of measured physical quantity by measuring wavelength change according to above-mentioned relation, therefore, fiber-optic grating sensor is widely used in measuring physical quantitys such as temperature, strain, stress and displacement.
The demodulation method that link is an optic fiber grating wavelength that fiber-optic grating sensor practicability is very important.At present, for the Wavelength demodulation technology of fiber grating, traditional means is to use instruments such as spectrometer, monochromator or wavemeter.In addition people have proposed the scheme of some novel wavelength information demodulation, as Mach-Zehnder interferometer mode, tunable fabry-perot filter method, matched fiber grating filter method etc.
The existing fiber grating sensing system comprises: the fiber Bragg grating sensor of wideband light source, tunable optic filter, signal processing system, photodetector, 1 * 2 coupler, 1 * N optical switch, series connection; This demodulating system when realizing the multiple spot distributed measurement, employing be wavelength-division multiplex technique, between the grating of difference, its fiber grating Prague centre wavelength must leave enough wide interval; Because the bandwidth of light source commonly used is narrower, have only about 30-40nm usually again, if be spaced apart 2nm, the transducer that utilizes wavelength division multiplexing to connect has only about 20.Therefore, limit by above two aspect factors, the quantity of above-mentioned demodulation method institute laying optical fiber grating sensor is very limited.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the problem that prior art exists: a kind of large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system is provided, is applied to the encoding optic fiber grating sensor monitoring of the real-time online fixed point monitoring of the distributed jumbo stress of multiple spot, temperature etc.
Basic principle of the present invention is to adopt time-division multiplex technology utilizing on the basis of wavelength-division multiplex technique, the time delay that the light signal generating that the fibre delay line of different length receives optical window is different. make each road transducer occupy different time slots, thereby realize of the transformation of the azimuth information of each road fiber-optic grating sensor to time information.Wherein fibre delay line is to need certain hour when utilizing light to propagate in the optical fiber of certain-length, and the length that increases optical fiber can make signal postpone, and the time t that optical fiber postpones is
t＝nL/C
N is the fibre core effective refractive index, and L is the length of optical fiber, and C is the light velocity.This shows that the length that changes optical fiber can the control lag time.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses the above problem is as follows:
A kind of large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system, this system comprises: wideband light source, tunable optic filter, signal processing system, photodetector, 1 * 2 coupler, 1 * 8 optical switch, first to the 8th optical branching device, 32 fibre delay lines, the fiber Bragg grating sensor of 30 two tunnel series connection.Constitute the connection between device:
The output termination tunable optic filter input of wideband light source, an input of tunable optic filter output termination 1 * 2 coupler, the output of 1 * 2 coupler inserts signal processing system through photodetector; Another input of 1 * 2 coupler is by 1 * 8 optical switch.
The first passage port of 1 * 8 optical switch connects the input port of first optical branching device, and first output port of first optical branching device connects an end of first fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination first series connection of first fibre delay line;
Second output port of first optical branching device connects an end of second fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination second series connection of second fibre delay line;
The 3rd output port of first optical branching device connects an end of the 3rd fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 3rd series connection of the 3rd fibre delay line;
The 4th output port of first optical branching device connects an end of the 4th fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 4th series connection of the 4th fibre delay line;
The second channel port of 1 * 8 optical switch connects the input port of second optical branching device, and first output port of second optical branching device connects an end of the 5th fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 5th series connection of the 5th fibre delay line;
Second output port of second optical branching device connects an end of six fibers delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 6th series connection of six fibers delay line;
The 3rd output port of second optical branching device connects an end of the 7th fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 7th series connection of the 7th fibre delay line;
The 4th output port of second optical branching device connects an end of the 8th fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 8th series connection of the 8th fibre delay line;
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The 8th access port of 1 * 8 optical switch connects the input port of the 8th optical branching device, first output port of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 29 fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 29 series connection of the 29 fibre delay line;
Second output port of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 30 fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 30 series connection of the 30 fibre delay line;
The 3rd output port of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 31 fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 31 series connection of the 31 fibre delay line;
The 4th output port of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 32 fibre delay line, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor of another termination the 32 series connection of the 32 fibre delay line.
First fibre delay line, the 5th fibre delay line ... the length L of the 29 fibre delay line
1=0;
Second fibre delay line, six fibers delay line ... the length L of the 30 fibre delay line
2=TC/4n;
The 3rd fibre delay line, the 7th fibre delay line ... the length L of the 31 fibre delay line
3=TC/2n;
The 4th fibre delay line, the 8th fibre delay line ... the length L of the 32 fibre delay line
4=3TC/4n;
T is the scan period of tunable optic filter, and C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the fiber core refractive index of optical fiber.
The information that the reflected light signal of fiber-optic grating sensor carries the monitoring point enters, and the reflected light signal of not going the same way is because the length difference of the fibre delay line of process, and there is certain difference in the time that arrives photodetector.Light signal converts the signal of telecommunication to by photodetector, obtain and each road fiber-optic grating sensor sequences of pulsed signals one to one, in signal processing system, finish collection, logic determines, the data processing of signal, obtain the metrical information of each road fiber-optic grating sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) lays sensing network by the fiber-optic grating sensor series connection and the first to the 30 two road parallel optical fibre grating sensor multidiameter delay that adopt different centre wavelengths, time-delay by the first to the 32 fibre delay line, the reflected signal of not going the same way has obtained separation on sequential, therefore, signal processing system can be stored in the source of the number information differentiation signal in the internal memory according to the difference combination of time of reception, realized the combination of time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing, measure dot number is to use 4 times of wavelength-division multiplex technique (by the difference in length of time delay optical fiber merely, pulse duration and duty ratio decision), therefore measure dot number is many, measuring range is big, can carry out the distributed big capacity monitoring of multiple spot.
2) multiple sensor adopts same batch of grating with identical central wavelength, and grating has good consistency and interchangeability, effectively reduces product test and working service cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system schematic diagram.
Among the figure: wideband light source 1, tunable optic filter 2, signal processing system 3, photodetector 4, optical switch 6, the first to the 8th optical branching device 71-78 of 1 * 2 coupler 5,1 * 8, the first to the 32 fibre delay line 811-884, the fiber-optic grating sensor 911-984 of the first to the 32 series connection.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system is as Fig. 1.This system comprises: wideband light source 1, tunable optic filter 2, signal processing system 3, photodetector 4,1 * 2 coupler 5,1 * 8 optical switch 6, eight optical branching device 71-78,32 fibre delay line 811-884, the fiber Bragg grating sensor 911-984 of 30 tunnel series connection.
Constitute the connection between a kind of device of optic fiber grating wavelength demodulating system: output termination tunable optic filter 2 inputs of wideband light source 1, an input of tunable optic filter 2 output terminations 1 * 2 coupler 5, the output of 1 * 2 coupler 5 inserts signal processing system 3 through photodetector 4; Another input of 1 * 2 coupler 5 is by 1 * 8 optical switch 6.
The first passage port 61 of 1 * 8 optical switch 6 connects the input port of first optical branching device 71, first output port 711 of first optical branching device connects an end of first fibre delay line 811, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 911 of another termination first series connection of first fibre delay line 811;
The 3rd output port 713 of first optical branching device connects an end of the 3rd fibre delay line 813, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 913 of another termination the 3rd series connection of the 3rd fibre delay line 813;
The 4th output port 714 of first optical branching device connects an end of the 4th fibre delay line 814, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 914 of another termination the 4th series connection of the 4th fibre delay line 814;
The second channel port 62 of 1 * 8 optical switch 6 connects the input port of second optical branching device 72, first output port 721 of second optical branching device connects an end of the 5th fibre delay line 821, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 921 of another termination the 5th series connection of the 5th fibre delay line 821;
The 3rd output port 723 of second optical branching device connects an end of the 7th fibre delay line 823, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 923 of another termination the 7th series connection of the 7th fibre delay line 823;
The 4th output port 724 of second optical branching device connects an end of the 8th fibre delay line 824, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 924 of another termination the 8th series connection of the 8th fibre delay line 824;
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The 8th access port 68 of 1 * 8 optical switch 6 connects the input port of the 8th optical branching device 78, first output port 781 of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 29 fibre delay line 881, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 981 of another termination the 29 series connection of the 29 fibre delay line 881;
The 3rd output port 783 of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 31 fibre delay line 883, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 983 of another termination the 31 series connection of the 31 fibre delay line 883;
The 4th output port 784 of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of fibre delay line 884, an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor 984 of another termination the 32 series connection of the 32 fibre delay line 884.
First fibre delay line 811, the 5th fibre delay line 821 ... the length L of the 29 fibre delay line 881
1=0;
Second fibre delay line 812, six fibers delay line 822 ... the length L of the 30 fibre delay line 882
2=TC/4n;
The 3rd fibre delay line 813, the 7th fibre delay line 823 ... the length L of the 31 fibre delay line 883
3=TC/2n;
The 4th fibre delay line 814, the 8th fibre delay line 824 ... the length L of the 32 fibre delay line 884
4=3TC/4n;
T is the scan period of tunable optic filter 2, and C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the refractive index of fiber core.
Wherein, wideband light source 1 adopts the ASE wideband light source of wave-length coverage 1525nm～1565nm; Tunable optic filter 2 adopts the fabry-perot filter that has piezoelectric ceramic; Photodetector 4 adopts photodiode.The fiber-optic grating sensor 911-984 of 30 two tunnel series connection has identical centre wavelength and identical reflection bandwidth.
The infield or the position of each fiber-optic grating sensor among the fiber-optic grating sensor 911-984 of series connection are numbered, and the calculated address coding schedule is stored in the signal processing system 3.
The broadband light that wideband light source 1 sends (wave-length coverage 1525nm-1565nm) input tunable optic filter 2, tunable optic filter 2 becomes the narrow band light of frequency sweep under the effect of the scan control periodic voltage that signal processing system 4 provides, the reverberation spectrum of the fiber-optic grating sensor 911-984 of conducting frequency scan 30 two tunnel series connection of tunable optic filter 2.
The narrow band light of tunable optic filter 2 outputs enters 1 * 8 optical switch input port through 1 * 2 coupler 5,1 * 8 optical switch switches to different output ports to input signal, be connected to optical branching device on each output port, optical branching device divides equally the light signal of input to each output branch, each exports optical signals the first to the 32 fibre delay line 811-884 of branch's output, through delaying time step by step via the fiber-optic grating sensor 911-984 reflection of 30 two tunnel series connection.Reflected signal is merged by fiber coupler after via fibre delay line again, is input to photodetector 4 behind 1 * 8 optical switch, carries out signal processing by signal processing system then, obtains the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
By introduce the fibre delay line of different length at the transducer of each road parallel connection, realized the combination of wavelength-division multiplex technique and time-division multiplex technology, can carry out the distributed big capacity monitoring of multiple spot.
Claims (2)
1. large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system, this system comprises: the fiber Bragg grating sensor (911-984) of wideband light source (1), tunable optic filter (2), signal processing system (3), photodetector (4), 1 * 2 coupler (5), 1 * N optical switch, series connection; It is characterized in that: 1 * N optical switch adopts 1 * 8 optical switch;
The first passage port (61) of 1 * 8 optical switch (6) connects the input port of first optical branching device (71), first output (711) of first optical branching device connects an end of first fibre delay line (811), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (911) of another termination first series connection of first fibre delay line (811);
Second output (712) of first optical branching device connects an end of second fibre delay line (812), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (912) of another termination second series connection of second fibre delay line (812);
The 3rd output port (713) of first optical branching device connects an end of the 3rd fibre delay line (813), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (913) of another termination the 3rd series connection of the 3rd fibre delay line (813);
The 4th output port (714) of first optical branching device connects an end of the 4th fibre delay line (814), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (914) of another termination the 4th series connection of the 4th fibre delay line (814);
The second channel port (62) of 1 * 8 optical switch (6) connects the input port of second optical branching device (72), first output port (721) of second optical branching device connects an end of the 5th fibre delay line (821), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (921) of another termination the 5th series connection of the 5th fibre delay line (821);
Second output port (722) of second optical branching device connects an end of six fibers delay line (822), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (922) of another termination the 6th series connection of six fibers delay line (822);
The 3rd output (723) of second optical branching device connects an end of the 7th fibre delay line (823), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (923) of another termination the 7th series connection of the 7th fibre delay line (823);
The 4th output port (724) of second optical branching device connects an end of the 8th fibre delay line (824), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (924) of another termination the 8th series connection of the 8th fibre delay line (824);
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The 8th access port (68) of 1 * 8 optical switch (6) connects the input port of the 8th optical branching device (78), first output port (781) of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 29 fibre delay line (881), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (981) of another termination 29 series connection of the 29 fibre delay line (881);
Second output port (782) of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 30 fibre delay line (882), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (982) of another termination the 30 series connection of the 30 fibre delay line (882);
The 3rd output port (783) of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 31 fibre delay line (883), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (983) of another termination the 31 series connection of the 31 fibre delay line (883);
The 4th output port (784) of the 8th optical branching device connects an end of the 32 fibre delay line (884), an end of the fiber-optic grating sensor (984) of another termination the 32 series connection of the 32 fibre delay line (884).
2. a kind of large-capacity fiber grating sensing and monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, first fibre delay line (811), the 5th fibre delay line (821) ... the length L of the 29 fibre delay line (881)
1=0;
Second fibre delay line (812), six fibers delay line (822) ... the length L of the 30 fibre delay line (882)
2=TC/4n;
The 3rd fibre delay line (813), the 7th fibre delay line (823) ... the length L of the 31 fibre delay line (883)
3=TC/2n;
The 4th fibre delay line (814), the 8th fibre delay line (824) ... the length L of the 32 fibre delay line (884)
4=3TC/4n;
T is the scan period of tunable optic filter (2), and C is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the effective refractive index of fibre core.
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| CN101917229A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2010-12-15 | 天津大学 | Self-healing high-capacity optical fiber sensor network based on optical delay |
| CN102111221A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-06-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device for simulating array incident signals by using optical fiber delay |
| CN102128643A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-07-20 | 北京交通大学 | Distributed sensing device on basis of superfine annular bipyramid optical fiber resonant cavity |
| CN102183267A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 江苏联通电缆有限公司 | Fiber Bragg grating sensing system |
| CN102538847A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-07-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Method of constructing bus type time division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensing network and bus type time division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensing network system |
| CN102798408A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-11-28 | 环球海事工程株式会社 | Fiber Bragg grating sensing system using the multiplexer for multi-channel |
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| CN102879025A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-01-16 | 成都阜特科技股份有限公司 | Fiber Bragg grating sensing device |
| CN103033203A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | 江西省电力公司信息通信中心 | Distributed multi-channel fiber bragg grating sensing system based on passive optical network |
| CN103063242A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-24 | 武汉康普常青软件技术有限公司 | Real-time monitoring system and method based on optical time domain reflection and fiber grating distributed type |
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| CN101917229B (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-04-03 | 天津大学 | Self-healing high-capacity optical fiber sensor network based on optical delay |
| CN102128643B (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-05-30 | 北京交通大学 | Distributed sensing device on basis of superfine annular bipyramid optical fiber resonant cavity |
| CN102128643A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-07-20 | 北京交通大学 | Distributed sensing device on basis of superfine annular bipyramid optical fiber resonant cavity |
| CN102183267A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 江苏联通电缆有限公司 | Fiber Bragg grating sensing system |
| CN102183267B (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2015-08-19 | 江苏联通电缆有限公司 | A kind of fiber Bragg grating sensor |
| CN102111221A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-06-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device for simulating array incident signals by using optical fiber delay |
| CN102798408A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-11-28 | 环球海事工程株式会社 | Fiber Bragg grating sensing system using the multiplexer for multi-channel |
| CN103033203A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-10 | 江西省电力公司信息通信中心 | Distributed multi-channel fiber bragg grating sensing system based on passive optical network |
| CN102538847A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-07-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Method of constructing bus type time division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensing network and bus type time division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensing network system |
| CN102853858A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-01-02 | 成都阜特科技股份有限公司 | Fibre grating sensing device |
| CN102879025A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-01-16 | 成都阜特科技股份有限公司 | Fiber Bragg grating sensing device |
| CN103063242A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-24 | 武汉康普常青软件技术有限公司 | Real-time monitoring system and method based on optical time domain reflection and fiber grating distributed type |
| CN104567958A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-29 | 华中科技大学 | Distributed micro-structure sensor network based on time division and wavelength division multiplexing and using method thereof |
| CN105973284A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | Multi-channel high-precision fiber grating sensor demodulation device |
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| CN106248120A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of fiber grating measurement apparatus increasing single measurement range |
| CN106404017A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | High-precision multi-parameter optical fiber micro-cavity sensing system and demodulation method thereof |
| CN106404017B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2020-02-07 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | High-precision multi-parameter optical fiber microcavity sensing system and demodulation method thereof |
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