CN1963399A - Multiplex fibre optic interferometer and nesting constructing method of the same - Google Patents
Multiplex fibre optic interferometer and nesting constructing method of the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to one fiber intervene device based on space-division multiplex principle, which uses imbedded fiber router and light process jump sum optical retard in white light intervene to form the white fiber intervene based on the above technique to realize multiple fiber intervene imbedding and multiplexing. The invention is to solve the multiple path multiplex process of fiber to realize sensor array and internet.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to the optical fiber technology field, be specifically related to a kind of fibre optic interferometer and nesting constructing method thereof based on the space division multiplexing principle.
(2) background technology
Adopt and hang down light source relevant, broad band, for example the fibre optic interferometer of light emitting diode (LED), super spontaneous radiation light source (ASE) or multimode laser diode is commonly called the white light fibre optic interferometer, compare with other fibre optic interferometers, except having advantages such as high sensitivity, essential safety, anti-electromagnetic field interference, maximum characteristics are to carry out absolute measurement to pressure, strain, temperature etc. are to be measured, are widely used in the measurement to physical quantity, mechanical quantity, environment parameter, chemistry amount, biomedical amount.
The white light fibre optic interferometer is in actual measurement and Test Application, a problem that runs into is that the physical quantity how the multiple spot location point distributes is carried out real-time measurement, for example large scale structure or key position (power station, dam, bridge etc.) are determined in the Non-Destructive Testing and observation process of its safety case, sensor need be implanted key position, be built into monitoring network, information such as displacement, deformation, strain and temperature to inside are carried out real-time and online extraction, and number of sensors is generally tens or up to a hundred.The sensing of single location point or single physical amount far can not satisfy the requirement that people obtain things integral body or system state.Therefore, adopt the multiplexing technique of development fibre optic interferometer, under the prerequisite that is independent of each other, utilize inquiry and the inquiry of same measurement light path realization to a plurality of interferometers (sensor) metrical information, this is simplified system complexity and reduction testing expense greatly, guarantee the real-time of test macro, improve measuring reliability.
In order to solve the multiplexed problem of fibre optic interferometer, people have carried out many-sided research, and the multiplexing technique that has developed has: time-division multiplex technology (TDM), frequency multiplexing technique (FDM or FMCW), wavelength-division multiplex technique (WDM) and empty multiplex technique (SDM).
People such as Jackson [Santos, J.L., Jackson, D.A., Coherence sensing of time-addressed optical-fibersensors illuminated by a multimode laser diode Appl.Opti, 30,5068-5076,1991] Fa Zhan time-division multiplex technology (TDM) is an optical path difference of utilizing the sensing unit on same fiber buss, and promptly optical fiber comes the multiplex technique of addressing to the late effect of light wave.Technical scheme is: multimode laser diode send less than the light pulse in transmission time between adjacent sensors on the fiber buss, and during the input end of injection fibre bus, because each sensing unit is different apart from the distance of light pulse transmitting terminal on bus, terminal at fiber buss will receive series of pulses, a sensing unit on the corresponding fiber buss of the information that wherein each light pulse comprised, the address of this sensing unit of time delay size reflection of light pulse distributes.If can in the time of light impulse length, finish continuous light path scanning to the white light sensing unit, can be to obtaining the heat transfer agent of sensor.This method complex structure, multiplexing limited amount, measurement range is little, and measuring accuracy is low.
People such as Liu [T.Liu, G.F.Fernando, A frequency division multiplexed low-finesse fiber opticFabry-Perot sensor system for strain and displacement measurements, Review of ScientificInstruments, 71 (3), 1275-1278,2000] Fa Zhan frequency multiplexing technique, utilize spectroanalysis instrument directly to measure the spectrum stack result of the long different Fabry-Perot interferometer output in a plurality of chambeies, long by wavelength domain to the chamber that the mathematic(al) manipulation of frequency field obtains the Fabry-Perot interferometer.This method is subjected to the long and long poor restriction in chamber in chamber, and the multiplexing quantity of interferometer also only is several.
People such as Rao Yunjiang (C.X.Zhou, Yun-Jiang Rao, and Jian Jiang, A coarse wavelength-division-multiplexed extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot sensor system, Proc.SPIE 5634,219 (2005)) Fa Zhan wavelength-division multiplex technique (WDM) is to utilize Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (CWDM) that wideband light source is divided into a plurality of passages to realize the multiplexing of fibre optic interferometer.For example for a 1 * 4CWDM, the broadband light that wavelength coverage can be divided into 1521～1601nm evenly is decomposed into four wavelength channels, i.e. 1521～1541nm, 1541～1561nm, 1561～1581nm, 1581～1601nm, each passage connects the wavelength-division multiplex that a sensor has just been realized 4 sensors.This multiplex technique has simple in structurely, and the advantage that measuring accuracy is high, but be subjected to the restriction of light source bandwidth and spectrometric instrument instrument spectral range is restricted the multiplexing quantity of sensor, and generally its multiplexing quantity is no more than 10.
The multichannel multiplexing method of above-mentioned fibre optic interferometer, mainly based on technology such as time division multiplex, frequency division multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplex, existing a large amount of technical patent and technical papers published.For example, disclosed optical fiber Fizeau strain transducer Frequency Division Multiplexing system and method (patent of invention that Rao Yunjiang, the river are built) application (patent) numbers 200310104081.1 based on light amplification of Chinese patent communique.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of under situation about being independent of each other, the multiplexing quantity that solves fibre optic interferometer is few, the nesting constructing method based on the fibre optic interferometer of space division multiplexing principle of complex structure problem, and the full optical fiber interferometer that has fibre optic sensor arra of structure thus.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
1, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer, it comprises wide spectrum light source 1 and photodetector 2, wide spectrum light source 1, photodetector 2 connect two optic fibre input ends of optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3, two fiber-optic outputs of optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 connect optical fiber splitter 6 and light path step accumulation type optical delay device 7 by single-mode fiber 4,5, light path step accumulation type optical delay device 7 connects the optical delay device 8 of continuous variable, and optical fiber splitter 6 connects nested multiplexing fibre optic interferometer array 9.
2, a kind of nesting constructing method of multiplex fibre optic interferometer, the wide range light that will send from light source be by the optical fiber splitter beam splitting, and the measurement light path that enters nested multiplexing fibre optic interferometer becomes measuring beam; Utilize reference beam in light path step accumulation type optical delay, repeatedly to come and go, measure the light path that obtains in the light path with measuring beam at nested multiplexing interfering instrument and mate, obtain white-light fringe by resulting accumulation light path.2、
The present invention also has some architectural features like this:
1, described optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 are 3dB optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms;
2, described optical fiber splitter is a single-mode fiber jumper;
3, described optical fiber splitter is the star-like fiber coupler of 1 * N;
4, described optical fiber splitter is 1 * N fiber switch;
5, described light path step accumulation type optical delay device is a single-mode fiber jumper;
6, described light path step accumulation type optical delay device is the multi-channel optical fibre switch that is connected with the different length single-mode fiber;
7, described light path step accumulation type optical delay device is optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity or fiber annular resonant cavity.
The ultimate principle of the inventive method is the space division multiplexing principle, Michelson interferometer as shown in Figure 1, after the wide range light that light source 1 sends enters single-mode fiber, 3dB single-mode fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 are divided into two bundles, a branch of light enters the single mode connection optical fiber 4 that is used as gage beam and enters the multiplexing fibre optic interferometer array 9 that is connected by optical fiber splitter 6, returned after the reflection of optical reflection face in the array, arrive photodetectors 2 through optical fiber splitter 6, connection optical fiber 4, coupling mechanism 3, this Shu Guang is called measuring-signal light; 3dB single-mode fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 other a branch of light along separate routes that sends by light source, enter as single mode and connect optical fiber 5 and light path step accumulation type optical delay line 7 with reference to arm, returned after 8 reflections of continuous variable optical delay line, once more through light path step accumulation type optical delay line 7, connection optical fiber 5, coupling mechanism 3, the same photodetector 2 that arrives is called reference signal light with this Shu Guang.Measuring-signal light and reference signal light are in detector surface generation coherence stack, because the coherent length of wide spectrum light source is very short, be approximately several microns to tens microns, have only when reference signal light and measuring-signal optical path difference during less than the coherent length of light source, just can produce coherence stack, output white light interference pattern.The intensity of interference fringe can be expressed as:
In the formula: I
1, I
2Be the signal intensity of reference beam and measuring beam, k is a wave number, and x is two interference signal optical path differences, and φ is an initial phase, and γ (x) is the light source autocorrelation function.
The feature of white-light fringe is the center striped that a principal maximum is arranged, and it is corresponding with the zero optical path difference position, and during promptly corresponding to reference beam and measuring beam equivalent optical path, this moment is called reference beam and measuring beam has the light path matching relationship.By changing the retardation of optical delay line, the light path of reference signal is changed, can obtain the center interference fringe.The center fringe position provides a reliable absolute position reference for measurement, when measuring beam because during the influencing light path and change of extraneous measured physical quantity, only need to scan the change in location of the white-light fringe that obtains, can obtain the absolute value of measured physics amount by the reference arm light path.
Owing to adopt the interference of the fibre optic interferometer of wide spectrum light source to only occur in the coherent length, corresponding near the several micron the light path matching condition between tens microns, if a plurality of fibre optic interferometers are carried out series, parallel or series-parallel compound nested, make the pairing interference signal of different fiber interferometer discrete mutually in the light path scanning space, distinguish separately, can realize the multiplexed of fibre optic interferometer.Because this technology makes fibre optic interferometer spatially all separate with white-light fringe, therefore claim that this technology is the space division multiplexing technology.As shown in Figure 1, embed 1 * N optical fiber splitter input beam and be distributed into the N road in the gage beam of fibre optic interferometer, simultaneously different M optical reflection face is set in the light path that each road is assigned with, it is nested together multiplexing promptly to be equivalent to N * M interferometer; Corresponding embedding light path step accumulation type optical delay line and continuous variable optical delay device in the reference arm of fibre optic interferometer, the light path coupling scanning of reference beam, can directly utilize the optical delay device of continuous variable to realize light path scanning among a small circle, coupling can utilize light path step accumulation step change type optical delay device to cooperate the optical delay device of continuous variable to realize optical scanning on a large scale.The light path that measuring beam is experienced through the different optical different reflectings surface of shunt (fibre optic interferometer), matching relationship one to one can take place with the light path of reference beam, make the white-light fringe of generation separate on the light path scanning space, do not disturb mutually, can realize the nested multiplexing of N * M fibre optic interferometer based on above-mentioned thought.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics are:
(1) the present invention is based on the space division multiplexing technology, by embedding the interference optical fiber interferometer of optical fiber splitter and light path step accumulation type optical delay device structure, need not to adopt complicated time, frequency or wavelength multiplexing technology, only by the continuous light path scanning in space, can realize inquiry and measurement to many fibre optic interferometers (sensor), simple in structure, realize easily.
(2) multiplex fibre optic interferometer of the present invention's structure, by selecting the suitable wide spectrum light source of power and enough dividing the optical fiber splitter of way, can make the number of multiplexing interferometer (sensor) reach more or less a hundred, realize array and networking that Fibre Optical Sensor is laid, greatly simplified the system complex degree, reduce testing expense, guaranteed the real-time of test macro, improved measuring reliability.
(3) fiber optic materials and the device of the present invention's employing are the standard fiber communication device, and cost price is cheap, obtain easily, help promoting.
Patent of the present invention proposes the multichannel multiplexing method based on the white light interferometer of space division multiplexing technology, and purpose is that the multiplexing quantity of solution interferometer is low, and complex structure or the shortcoming that involves great expense are to satisfy the requirement that actual measurement is used.It is 3dB (1: 1) that optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms are selected splitting ratio for use, and its advantage is in order to increase the contrast of interference signal; The advantage that 1 * N optical fiber splitter (fiber switch or fiber coupler) and light path step accumulation type optical device are used is that the light path of interferometer is expanded, realize the nested and multiplexing of N fibre optic interferometer, increase interferometer and carry number of sensors, and then realize the array and the networking of sensor.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of multiplex fibre optic interferometer;
Fig. 2 is the multiplexing fiber-optic interferometer structure synoptic diagram in parallel that utilizes 1 * 4 fiber switch to constitute;
Fig. 3 is the series connection multiplexing interfering instrument structural representation that utilizes 2 * 8 fiber switchs to constitute;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that utilizes optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity structure multiplex fibre optic interferometer;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that utilizes the multiplex fibre optic interferometer of fiber annular resonant cavity structure.
(5) embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment comprises wide spectrum light source 1 and photodetector 2, wide spectrum light source 1, photodetector 2 connect two optic fibre input ends of optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3, two fiber-optic outputs of optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 connect optical fiber splitter 6 and light path step accumulation type optical delay device 7 by single-mode fiber 4,5, light path step accumulation type optical delay device 7 connects the optical delay device 8 of continuous variable, and optical fiber splitter 6 connects nested multiplexing fibre optic interferometer array 9.Wherein, optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 are 3dB optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms; Optical fiber splitter is a single-mode fiber jumper; Light path step accumulation type optical delay device is a single-mode fiber jumper.
Embodiment 2: the multiplexing fiber-optic interferometer scheme in parallel of utilizing 1 * 4 fiber switch structure.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment comprises that wide spectrum light source 1, photodetector 2,3dB optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3, reference arm single mode connect optical fiber 5, continuous variable optical delay device 7,1 * 4 fiber switch 10 and fiber end face catoptron 11, light source 1 and detector 2 are connected to two optic fibre input ends of 3dB single-mode fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3, and fiber-optic output connects 1 * 4 fiber switch 6 and continuous variable optical delay line 8 respectively.The effect of 1 * 4 fiber switch 6 is to switch by light path, realizes the connection of different interferometers, cooperates light path scanning in the continuous variable optical delay line 8 simultaneously, obtains different white-light fringes, realizes the nested multiplexing of fibre optic interferometer.The multiplexing quantity of the fibre optic interferometer of this kind structure is 4.
Embodiment 3: the series connection multiplexing interfering instrument scheme of utilizing 2 * 8 fiber switchs to constitute.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, wide spectrum light source 1 in the present embodiment, photodetector 2,3dB optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 3 are identical with Fig. 2 with continuous variable optical delay line 8, and difference is to have increased light path step accumulation type optical delay line and the reflecting surface of being made up of the single-mode fiber 5 of 2 * 8 fiber switchs 13 and the different length that is connected reference arm 12.The structure of nested fibre optic interferometer is changed into the end to end type connected in series of fibre optic interferometer by parallel connecting-type in addition.In fibre optic interferometer when work,, measuring beam enters by in four fibre optic interferometers (Fibre Optical Sensor) array connected in series, has formed a series of reflection measurement flashlights with different light paths; And reference beam fiber switch 10 and the continuous variable optical delay device 8 by being connected with different matching length optical fiber successively, by the former switching and the cooperation latter's light path scanning, realize the light path coupling of reference beam and measuring beam, obtain white-light fringe, realize the nested multiplexing of fibre optic interferometer.Because 2 * 8 fiber switchs 6 can connect the optical patchcord that can only connect 4 different lengths, the multiplexing quantity of the fibre optic interferometer of this structure is 4.
Embodiment 4: utilize optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity structure multiplex fibre optic interferometer scheme.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, the fibre optic interferometer of present embodiment is compared with Fig. 2, difference is to have replaced 2 * 8 fiber switchs 13 with optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity 14, and optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity is made up of ceramic insertion core 1401, porcelain bushing 1402, single-mode fiber 1,404 four parts that are plated in the optical transmission reflectance coating 1403 of fiber end face and constitute the Fabry-Perot resonator cavity.Its effect is to utilize the repeatedly reflection of light beam in resonator cavity to realize the step accumulation of light path equally, realizes that the light path of reference beam and measuring beam slightly mates.With what optical fiber splitter 6 connected the individual face array interferometer that walks abreast and combine of N serial array and M arranged, greatly increased the multiplexing number of fibre optic interferometer, N=8 for example, during M=16, the multiplexing number of this kind constructive interference instrument can reach 128.Replace fiber switch with optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity, also reduced the cost of system, simultaneously with optical fiber coupling light path discrete in the fiber switch to and be one the tunnel, also improved the noiseproof feature of the system of light path.
Embodiment 5: utilize fiber annular resonant cavity structure multiplex fibre optic interferometer scheme.
In conjunction with Fig. 5, the fibre optic interferometer of present embodiment is compared with Fig. 4, and difference is to have replaced optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity 14 with the identical fiber annular resonant cavity 15 of function.Equally, if N=8, during M=16, the multiplexing number of this kind constructive interference instrument can reach 128.The advantage of this new construction is that fiber annular resonant cavity can utilize ripe fused biconical taper technology to make, and has saved the operation of Fabry-Perot resonator surface plated film, realizes more conveniently, and price is more cheap.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of construction method of multiplex fibre optic interferometer, it is based on the space division multiplexing principle, the wide range light that sends from light source by the optical fiber splitter beam splitting after, the measurement light path that connects nested multiplexing fibre optic interferometer, it is characterized in that: utilize reference beam in light path step accumulation type optical delay, repeatedly to come and go by resulting accumulation light path, measuring the light path that obtains in the light path with measuring beam at nested multiplexing interfering instrument mates, obtain white-light fringe, and then finish the measurement of physical quantitys such as deformation, strain, temperature, pressure.
2, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer, it comprises wide spectrum light source (1) and photodetector (2), it is characterized in that: wide spectrum light source (1), photodetector (2) connects two optic fibre input ends of optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms (3), two fiber-optic outputs of optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms (3) are by single-mode fiber (4), (5) connect optical fiber splitter (6) and light path step accumulation type optical delay device (7), light path step accumulation type optical delay device (7) connects the optical delay device (8) of continuous variable, and optical fiber splitter (6) connects nested multiplexing fibre optic interferometer array (9).
3, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms (3) are 3dB optical fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms.
4, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: optical fiber splitter (6) is a single-mode fiber jumper.
5, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: optical fiber splitter (6) is the star-like fiber coupler of 1 * N.
6, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: optical fiber splitter (6) is 1 * N fiber switch.
7, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: light path step accumulation type optical delay device (7) is a single-mode fiber jumper.
8, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: light path step accumulation type optical delay device (7) is for being connected with the multi-channel optical fibre switch of different length single-mode fiber.
9, a kind of multiplex fibre optic interferometer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: light path step accumulation type optical delay device (7) is optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonator cavity or fiber annular resonant cavity.
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| CN101324443B (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2010-06-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Space division multiplexing Mach-Zehnder cascade type optical fiber interferometer and measurement method thereof |
| CN102736234A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-17 | 天津市索维电子技术有限公司 | Hollow cube-corner prism optical delay line device with endogenous scale light source |
| CN102762959A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-10-31 | 沃特福德技术学院 | Interrogation of wavelength-specfic devices |
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| CN103477581A (en) * | 2011-01-09 | 2013-12-25 | 阿尔卡特朗讯 | Secure data transmission using spatial multiplexing |
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| CN101324443B (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2010-06-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Space division multiplexing Mach-Zehnder cascade type optical fiber interferometer and measurement method thereof |
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| CN103477581A (en) * | 2011-01-09 | 2013-12-25 | 阿尔卡特朗讯 | Secure data transmission using spatial multiplexing |
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| CN103746745A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Wide-range optical delay device |
| CN103746745B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-04-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Wide-range optical delay device |
| CN110603423A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2019-12-20 | Fogale 纳米技术公司 | Apparatus and method for low coherence reflectometry using time-frequency detection |
| CN108332785A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-27 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of measuring device and method of large-scale optical fiber grating sensor |
| CN108332785B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-08-14 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Measuring device and method for large-scale fiber grating sensor |
| CN110045587A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-23 | 昆明理工大学 | It is a kind of to be used for the device that the scene of a fire is searched and rescued based on optical fiber infrared holography |
| CN114993352A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Multi-path wide-spectrum light source data acquisition testing system and method for fiber-optic gyroscope |
| CN114993352B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Multi-path wide-spectrum light source data acquisition testing system and method for fiber-optic gyroscope |
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