CN101324445B - Distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed fiber white-light interference sensor array based on tunable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, which is composed of a duplex photoelectric device, a tunable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, a single-mode connection fiber and a sensor, wherein the tunable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity is composed of a scanning prism, a self-focusing lens, and a single-mode optical fiber with partial reflection surface; the duplex photoelectric device is composed of a wide-spectrum light source with a common base, an emitter and a collector, a photodetector, and a beam splitter prism; the beam with a certain spectral width is emitted by the light source to the resonant cavity directly through the beam splitter prism and is reflected multiple times by the left and the right surfaces of the resonant cavity to obtain a signal light; and the signal light outputted from the right cavity surface enters the sensor through the single-mode connection fiber, reflected by the left and the right end faces of the sensor, returns along the original path to the resonant, and is outputted from the left cavity surface to the photodetector. The distributed fiber white-light interference sensor array has a common light path structure and has the advantages of good temperature stability, simplest optical fiber path structure, low cost and high practicality.
Description
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of optical fiber technology field, is specifically related to a kind of distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that long realization is inquired a plurality of sensor signals based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity.
(2) background technology
Adopt low relevant, broad spectrum light source, for example the fibre optic interferometer of light emitting diode (LED), super spontaneous radiation light source (ASE) or multimode laser diode driving is commonly called the white light fibre optic interferometer.Typical optical fiber white light interference instrument as shown in Figure 1, its structural group becomes utilizes optical fiber to build Micheslon formula interferometer, and adopt wide spectrum light source LED or ASE that interferometer is driven, for it provides luminous energy, survey the measurement of white-light fringe realization to measured physical quantity by detector.Its principle of work is as follows, after the wide range light that is sent by wide spectrum light source 11 enters single-mode fiber, be divided into two bundles by 3dB single-mode fiber 2 * 2 coupling mechanisms 13, a branch of light enters the single-mode fiber 14 that is used as gage beam, optical reflection face 15 reflection backs by its rear end are returned along former road, arrive photodetector 12 through single-mode fiber 14, coupling mechanism 13, this Shu Guang is called measuring-signal light; Send light by light source 11 and be coupled device 13 other a branch of light along separate routes, enter as single mode and connect optical fiber 16, GRIN Lens 17 with reference to arm, arrive photodetector 12 through returning along former road equally after the reflection of mobile mirror 18, this Shu Guang is called as reference signal light.Measuring-signal light and reference signal light are in detector surface generation coherence stack, because the coherent length of wide spectrum light source is very short, be approximately several microns to tens microns, have only when reference signal light and measuring-signal optical path difference during less than the coherent length of light source, just can produce coherence stack, output white light interference pattern (referring to accompanying drawing 2).
As shown in Figure 2, the feature of white-light fringe is that a principal maximum is arranged, and is called the center striped, and it is corresponding for it with zero optical path difference, during promptly corresponding to reference beam and measuring beam equivalent optical path, is called reference beam and measuring beam and has the light path matching relationship.By changing the retardation of fibre delay line, the light path of reference signal is changed, can obtain the center interference fringe.The position of center striped provides a reliable absolute position reference for measurement, when measuring beam because during the influencing light path and change of extraneous measured physical quantity, only need to scan the change in location of the white-light fringe that obtains, can obtain the absolute value of measured physics amount by the reference arm light path.Compare with other fibre optic interferometers, except having advantages such as high sensitivity, essential safety, anti-electromagnetic field interference, maximum characteristics are to carry out absolute measurement to pressure, strain, temperature etc. are to be measured.Therefore the white light interference fibre optic interferometer is widely used in the measurement of physical quantity, mechanical quantity, environment parameter, chemistry amount, biomedical amount.
The applicant has proposed name, and to be called " multiplex fibre optic interferometer and nesting constructing method thereof ", application number be 200610151043.5 application for a patent for invention in 2006, disclosing can the structure sensor array and full optical fiber interferometer optical fiber and its implementation of network, solves the multiplexed problem of fibre optic interferometer; The applicant has also proposed name in 2007 and has been called " low relevant strand is turned round formula class Sagnac optical-fiber deformation sensor ", application number is 200710072350.9 application for a patent for invention, discloses a kind of technical scheme that is mainly used to solve the problem of the anti-breaking-up in the fibre optic sensor arra laying process.In above-mentioned open file, when particularly white light interferometer was connected with fibre optic sensor arra, the light path of the local demodulated interferential instrument and the sensing interferometer of far-end mates by light path realized inquiring and demodulation of fibre optic sensor arra.The sensing interferometer array can be fully passive like this, and its benefit is that a plurality of interference signals of exporting in the array are insensitive to the variation of the connection fiber lengths between local demodulated interferential instrument and the sensor array, has strengthened measuring stability and reliability.
But in above-mentioned interferometer structure based on space division multiplexing, local demodulated interferential instrument adopts discrete interferometer structures such as Michelson interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer mostly.They have two separate transmission lines usually, are used to realize the tuning and coupling of light path.But because there is not common light channel structure in it, very easily be subjected to the influence of environmental factor (such as temperature and vibration), cause the light path of two light paths to produce inconsistent variation, the demodulation of sensor signal is exerted an influence, reduced the signal demodulation sensitivity of interferometer, make the precise decreasing of measurement, long-term stability and reliability can't guarantee; The structure of interferometer is also comparatively complicated simultaneously, is not used in the practicability of interferometer.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of common light channel structure that has, temperature stability is good, and light channel structure is simple, and is cheap, practical, can carry out the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array of sensor measuring to physical quantitys such as distributed deformation, strain, temperature, pressure.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array of the present invention is a kind of distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that long realization is inquired based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, is made of duplexing photoelectric device 1, adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2, single mode connection optical fiber 3, sensor 4; Adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2 is connected and composed by scanning prism 231, GRIN Lens 221, single-mode fiber with part reflecting face 211; Duplex photoelectric device 1 is made up of by Amici prism 131 with photodetector 121 wide spectrum light source 111 with common base 113, emitter 112, collector 122; The light beam with certain spectral width of light source 111 outgoing directly reaches adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2 by Amici prism 131, and after repeatedly being reflected by chamber, the left and right sides face of the single-mode fiber with part reflecting face 211 of resonator cavity, flashlight is exported from right chamber face; Flashlight connects optical fiber 3 through single mode and enters sensor 411, is returned along former road behind two end face reflections about sensor 411 respectively, pass through Fabry-Perot resonator cavity 2 once more after, arrive photodetector 121.
Described sensor 4 is the serial sensor arraies with one group of Fibre Optical Sensor 411 end to end composition.
Described Fibre Optical Sensor 411 is to be made of the fiber segment perpendicular to one section random length of fiber end face that two ends have certain reflectivity, it is to install one section single-mode fiber two ends according to the practical measurement requirement intercepting additional ceramic insertion core 901, end face obtains the Fibre Optical Sensor of making more than or equal to 1% fiber end face perpendicular to the reflectivity of transmission light direction through after the polishing.
The present invention proposes a kind of method that long realization is inquired a plurality of sensor signals based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, construct the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array of the online simple structure of a kind of single fiber based on the method.This optical fiber white light interference instrument has common light channel structure, and temperature stability is good; The simplest light channel structure that has, cheap, practical, can carry out sensor measuring to physical quantitys such as distributed deformation, strain, temperature, pressure.The present invention can be used for large-sized intelligence structure monitoring, also can be used for multitask sensing, multi-sensor, local train sensing and large scale deformation sensing.
The present invention is by constituting emission and the duplexing photoelectric device of accepting with wideband light source and photodetector, reference light wave and measurement light wave are transmitted in same light path, long by tuning Fabry-Perot resonator cavity, the reference light wave of sensor reflected back is mated with the light path of measuring light wave, obtain white-light fringe, realize inquiring a plurality of sensor signals.
This distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that long realization is inquired based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, the array of being made up of wide spectrum light source, photodetector, adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, single mode connection optical fiber, Fibre Optical Sensor constitutes.
Described wide spectrum light source and photodetector constitute the duplexing photoelectric device that transmits and receives by Amici prism.
Described adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity constitutes fibre delay line jointly by scanning prism, GRIN Lens, single-mode fiber with part reflecting face.
Optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonant cavity device in the described fibre optic interferometer, the chamber face reflectivity of its resonator cavity can be between 1%-99% value arbitrarily.
Optical fiber Fabry-Perot resonant cavity device in the described fibre optic interferometer, its cavity length can change.
The array that described Fibre Optical Sensor is formed is to constitute end to end serial array by a series of single-mode fiber sections that are uneven in length.
The optical fibre device of the described composition distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that long realization is inquired based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, comprise that wideband light source, photodetector, adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, single mode connect optical fiber, fibre optic sensor arra, all are operated in the single mode state.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics are:
(1) the present invention adopts the long structure of adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor system, makes the demodulated interferential instrument can be connected by an optical fiber with fibre optic sensor arra, has greatly simplified the light channel structure of measuring system; Make measurement light path and reference path realize common light path simultaneously, improved antijamming capability environment.
(2) adopt the long structure of adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor system, need not to adopt complicated time division multiplex or frequency multiplexing technique, only need by continuous space light path scanning, can realize inquiring and measuring to a plurality of sensor signals, technology is simple, is easy to realize.
(3) distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array of the present invention's structure, can realize the array that Fibre Optical Sensor is laid, each sensor is independent of each other when measuring, the sensor nominal length can by several centimetres to hundreds of rice, have the ability of multitask sensing, multi-sensor, local train sensing and large scale deformation sensing.
(4) the duplexing photoelectric device that uses white light source and photodetector to constitute makes that measurement light path and reference path are multiplexing, has greatly simplified the complexity of system, has reduced testing expense, has guaranteed the real-time of test macro, has improved measuring reliability.
(5) fiber optic materials and the device of the present invention's employing are the standard fiber communication device, and cost price is cheap, obtain easily, help promoting.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is typical white light interference Michelson interferometer structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is typical white-light fringe signal schematic representation.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation based on the long the simplest optical fiber white light interference sensor of realizing inquiring of adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of Fibre Optical Sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the fibre delay line of adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity formation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that long realization is inquired based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the duplexing photoelectric device synoptic diagram that wide spectrum light source of the present invention and photodetector constitute.
Fig. 8 is the white light interference signal of the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that long realization is inquired based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity of the present invention.
(5) embodiment
For example the present invention is done description in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Embodiment one:
Ultimate principle of the present invention is based on hangs down principle of interference and space division multiplexing principle relevant, wide range light (white light).The structure of the optical fiber white light interference sensor array that the simplest adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity is long promptly only connects the situation of a sensor as shown in Figure 3 in the sensor array.The outgoing beam of white light source 111 directly reaches adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2 by an Amici prism 131, and after repeatedly being reflected by chamber, the left and right sides face of resonator cavity, flashlight is exported from right chamber face; Flashlight is returned along former road behind two end face reflections about sensor 411 (as shown in Figure 4) respectively again, pass through Fabry-Perot resonator cavity 2 once more after, arrive photodetector 121.In above-mentioned a series of light signal with different light paths, we with light signal from the light sources transmit to the sensor, and sensor is again in this process of reflected back detector, be called measuring-signal light back and forth all only through a Fabry-Perot resonator cavity 2, and by the flashlight that the sensor right side is reflected; And with in this process, when coming through twice, when returning through once or when coming through once, through twice adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2, and be called reference signal light when returning by the light signal of sensor 411 left sides reflection.Coherence stack takes place on detector 121 surfaces in measuring light signal and reference optical signal, because the coherent length of wide range low-coherence light source is very short, be approximately several microns to tens microns, have only when the optical path difference of reference signal and measuring-signal during less than the coherent length of light source, just can produce coherence stack, output white light interference pattern.
In the formula: I
1, I
2Be the signal intensity of reference beam and measuring beam, k is a wave number, and x is two interference signal optical path differences, and Φ is an initial phase, and γ (x) is the light source autocorrelation function.
Definition according to above-mentioned reference signal and measuring-signal experience light path path, the coupling light path of called reference light and measuring light, optical fiber measurement system specific to Fig. 3, be the equivalent optical path that light path that measuring-signal accumulated at sensor 4 left and right sides end face reflections and reference signal are accumulated at Fabry-Perot resonator cavity 2 former and later two chamber faces, have:
2nL+2nl＝2nL+2(nL
0+X) (2)
Wherein, L is for being total to the length of light path fiber section, and l is the length of the Fibre Optical Sensor between the reflecting surface of the left and right sides, and n is the refractive index of fiber core, nL
0Long for the chamber of the Fabry-Perot resonator cavity that do not comprise tuning length X, X represents the tuning distance of fibre delay line, as shown in Figure 6.
Only occur near the light path coupling several microns between tens microns based on the interference fringe of the fibre optic interferometer of white light interference principle.Utilize this characteristics, need not to utilize complicated time-division or frequency multiplexing technique, can realize the multiplexing of sensor.As shown in Figure 7, with Fibre Optical Sensor 411 end to end composition serial array 4.The end face of each sensor 411 all has certain reflectivity.If the length of each sensor is greater than the coherent length of light source, then only there is single white light interference signal in the interference fringe that produces between measuring light and the reference light in coherent length separately, and promptly interference fringe is not disturbed separate mutually; But by the tuning implementation space light path scanning long, a plurality of sensors are distinguished the Fabry-Perot resonator cavity, realize to the inquiry of a plurality of external physical quantity with inquire, realize distributed sensing very easily.
As seen the essential structure thought of the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array that realization is inquired based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity length is that reference beam postpones back and the identical light path of measuring beam process through adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, light path coupling one to one takes place, and makes the white-light fringe of generation separate on the light path scanning space, does not disturb mutually.The fibre delay line that the coupling of reference beam can directly utilize adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity to constitute is realized the scanning of light path.
Embodiment two:
Utilize the long realization of adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity to inquire the scheme of the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array of structure, as shown in Figure 7.As seen from the figure, this distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array is made of duplexing photoelectric device 1, adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2, single mode connection optical fiber 3, serial sensor array 4.
Fibre Optical Sensor 411 is to be made of the fiber segment perpendicular to one section random length of fiber end face that two ends have certain reflectivity, typical structure as shown in Figure 4, one section single-mode fiber two ends according to the practical measurement requirement intercepting installs ceramic insertion core 901 additional, end face is through after the polishing, obtains perpendicular to the reflectivity of transmission light direction more than or equal to 1% fiber end face.Fibre Optical Sensor 411 can be connected with sensor or optical fiber by porcelain bushing 902, and porcelain bushing plays the protection to the sensor end face simultaneously.Several Fibre Optical Sensor 411 end to end fibre optic sensor arras 4 that just form a serial.In the present embodiment, by X1～X4 totally four end to end sensor arrays of forming of Fibre Optical Sensor.The average length of Fibre Optical Sensor is approximately 500mm, and concrete length is as follows: X1:499.0mm, X2:502.2mm, X3:498.0mm, X4:500.0mm.
As shown in Figure 5, duplexing photoelectric device 1 is made up of by Amici prism 131 with photodetector 121 wide spectrum light source 111 with common base 113, emitter 112, collector 122.Wherein, the centre wavelength of wide spectrum light source emergent light is 1300nm, and spectrum width is 60nm, and emergent power is 100 microwatts; Detector adopts InGaAs base infrared eye, and its spectral response range is 1100nm～1700nm, and its responsiveness is 0.9.
As shown in Figure 6, adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2 is made of scanning prism 231, GRIN Lens 221, single-mode fiber with part reflecting face 211, and wherein, single-mode fiber adopts SMF-28 type standard traffic optical fiber, and its length is chosen as 400mm; It is the right-angle prism of 50.8mm that scanning prism 231 is selected the length of side for use, and the range of movement X of light path scanning is 0～100mm.
As shown in Figure 7, the gage beam that utilizes the long realization of adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity to inquire the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array of structure is connected with the fibre optic sensor arra of serial; And nested adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity in the reference arm, its effect is to make reference beam and measuring beam light path coupling.Use wideband light source 111 and photodetector 121 reference arm and gage beam to be united two into one by the duplexing photoelectric device 1 that Amici prism 131 constitutes.During interferometer work, the light of wideband light source 111 directly is coupled into fibre optic sensor arra 4 after by adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity 2 in the duplex photoelectric device, after the reflection of the right side of each Fibre Optical Sensor 411 in the serial array, a series of reflection measurement flashlights have been formed with different light paths; After light beam is reflected by the left side of each Fibre Optical Sensor 411 in the serial array, the fibre delay line that is constituted through the Fabry-Perot resonator cavity after tuning along identical path transmits back the end of probe 121 in the duplexing photoelectric device, has formed a series of reference measure flashlights with different light paths; The light path coupling of reference beam and measuring beam and the acquisition of white-light fringe realize by the two common actions, when the tunable fiber lag line is transferred to nominal length that a certain position makes Fabry-Perot resonator cavity total optical path and a certain sensor and is complementary, the both ends of the surface reflected signal of sensor produces white-light fringe, as shown in Figure 8.And as shown in Figure 8, position that the white light interference peak value occurs and the length of sensors X 1～X4 have one-to-one relationship, but by the long continuous tuning implementation space light path scanning of Fabry-Perot resonator cavity, can be distinguished a plurality of sensors, thus the inquiry that realizes a plurality of external physical quantity with inquire.When the effect of sensor owing to parameters such as temperature, stress, when producing strain or displacement, its light path scanning position also changes thereupon, and record changes the front-back direction value, according to transformational relation, can carry out the sensing measurement of parameter.
Claims (3)
1. the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity is characterized in that: connect optical fiber (3), sensor (4) formation by duplexing photoelectric device (1), adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity (2), single mode; Adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity (2) is connected and composed by scanning prism (231), GRIN Lens (221), single-mode fiber with part reflecting face (211); Duplex photoelectric device (1) is made up of by Amici prism (131) wide spectrum light source (111) with common base (113), emitter (112), collector (122) and photodetector (121); Sensor (4) is the serial sensor array with the end to end composition of one group of Fibre Optical Sensor (411); The light beam with certain spectral width of described wide spectrum light source (111) outgoing directly reaches adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity (2) by Amici prism (131), after repeatedly being reflected by chamber, the left and right sides face of the single-mode fiber with part reflecting face (211) of resonator cavity, flashlight is exported from right chamber face; Flashlight connects optical fiber (3) through single mode and enters Fibre Optical Sensor (411), returned along former road behind two end face reflections about Fibre Optical Sensor (411) respectively, pass through Fabry-Perot resonator cavity (2) once more, after its left chamber face output, enter duplexing photoelectric device (1), after Amici prism (131) beam split, arrive photodetector (121).
2. the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the reflectivity of described Fabry-Perot resonator cavity lumen face is between 1%-99%.
3. the distributed optical fiber white light interference sensor array based on adjustable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the long continuous variable in the chamber of described Fabry-Perot resonator cavity.
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| US20130194580A1 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2013-08-01 | Harbin Engineering University | Multiple Optical Channel Autocorrelator Based on Optical Circulator |
| CN102607702A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 昆山煜肸传感器科技有限公司 | Optical-frequency-domain vernier-method spectrometer with broadband reference light source |
| CN105606138B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2019-05-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of long adjustable multiple dimensioned quasi-distributed white light interference sensor-based system of F-P type of chamber |
| CN113587962B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-04-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Single-fiber multi-dimensional F-P sensing device and measuring method thereof |
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