CN101759298B - Rapid manual land infiltration treatment system and method for purifying river water by applying the same - Google Patents

Rapid manual land infiltration treatment system and method for purifying river water by applying the same Download PDF

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CN101759298B
CN101759298B CN2009102595152A CN200910259515A CN101759298B CN 101759298 B CN101759298 B CN 101759298B CN 2009102595152 A CN2009102595152 A CN 2009102595152A CN 200910259515 A CN200910259515 A CN 200910259515A CN 101759298 B CN101759298 B CN 101759298B
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river
diffusion cell
water inlet
sand
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CN101759298A (en
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刘操
廖日红
马宁
李其军
黄赟芳
楼春华
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BEIJING INST OF WATER CONSERVANCY SCIENCE
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Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid manual land infiltration treatment system and a method for purifying river water by applying the same. The treatment system consists of a water inlet pump, a regulating tank, a flow meter, an infiltration tank, a water collecting tank, a water distribution pipe entering the infiltration tank, and a water collecting pipe flowing out of the infiltration tank. Natural sand and at least one of zeolite and lava are used as a filling of the infiltration tank. When in operation, the infiltration tank is biologically domesticated and cultured by means of natural biofilm culturing in advance, is alternatively water-flooded for 12 to 72 hours, and are dried for 12 to 72 hours in 20 to 80 days in total of domestication; river sewage enters the regulating tank after being pumped by the water inlet pump, and are settled for 0.5 to 5 hours in the regulating tank; the settled sewage is distributed by the water distribution pipe and freely flows into the infiltration tank; after the settled sewage is water-flooded for 12 to 72 hours and dried for 12 to 72 hours, the infiltration solution is collected by the water collecting pipe and is then discharged into a river.

Description

Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system and use the method for its purifying river water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of river wastewater purification treatment technology, particularly relate to the system and method that adopts the land percolation method to remove organism and ammonia nitrogen in the river wastewater, belong to the polluted water land processing technology field.
Background technology
Since 20 century 70s, because the challenge of population, resources and environment brings new opportunity to land treatment technique, polluted water land is processed one of the important sewage disposal approach of alternative second-stage treatment even advanced treatment that developed into.The polluted water land treatment system can be divided into six classes, i.e. slow rate treatment system (SR), Rapid Infiltration Treatment System (RI), overland flow treatment system (OF), sewage wetland treatment system (WL), subsurface infiltration land treatment system (UG) and artificial soil horizon's Rapid Infiltration Treatment System (ARI).Rapid manual land filtration system (CRI) is the polluted water land treatment technology that a kind of Rapid Infiltration Treatment System by wherein develops, now belong to the ARI system, it refers to the land percolation dielectric surface of controlledly sewage being batched manually construct, make its different physics, chemistry and biological action of experience in the process of from the top down infiltration, finally reach the target of sewage purification, its core be adopted penetrating quality preferably sand, haydite etc. replace natural soil layer for main filtration media, thereby (the 1-3m that greatly improved hydraulic load 3/ d), strengthened practicality.Its objective is in order to improve the processing load of system, thereby improve the processing power of sewage on the unit surface.
Though although the research of artificial rapid infiltration system in the river wastewater resource utilization has been reported, its practical application still is in the starting stage.River wastewater is for trade effluent, sanitary sewage, and pollutent and organic concentration are lower, and composition is also different, and these all cause certain influence to Traditional Man rapid infiltration system treatment effect.For example, system mainly still relies on the Degradation of packing medium surface microorganism to removal of pollutants, and the microbial growth breeding needs enough nutritive substances, general organic matter of sewage concentration content is high, carbon source is sufficient, but the river wastewater organic concentration is relatively low, and under-nutrition may affect the breeding growth of microorganism, thereby affects treatment effect.Simultaneously, water quality of river is larger with season and weather effect, and water quality is very unstable, is in change state always, has increased again difficulty for the stability for the treatment of effect.Therefore, conventional High-efficient Water treatment technology can not adapt to the processing demands of low concentration pollution water body under many circumstances because specific aim and suitability are not enough.Flexible choice appropriate process and operational conditions, and the adaptation target water quality of river characteristics of suiting measures to local conditions are the best efficiency of performance artificial rapid infiltration system in the water quality of river purification process and the effective way that reaches the optimum handling effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome hydraulic load specific aim and the not strong deficiency of suitability in to river wastewater resource utilization process of existing artificial rapid infiltration system technology, a kind of Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system is provided and uses the method for its purifying river water.
For this reason, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system,
It comprises intake pump 1, equalizing tank 2, under meter 3, diffusion cell 4 and water collecting basin 5;
The entrance 11 of this intake pump is connected with river water area by pipeline, and water inlet pump outlet 12 is connected with the water inlet 21 of equalizing tank by pipeline;
This equalizing tank top has water inlet 21, and the bottom has water outlet 22;
The water outlet 22 of this equalizing tank is connected with the entrance 31 of under meter by pipeline, and the outlet 32 of this under meter is connected with diffusion cell water inlet 41 by pipeline;
This top, diffusion cell has water inlet 41, and this water inlet connects water-distributing device 42; Adopt sand in this diffusion cell and at least aly be selected from zeolite and volcanics is filler 43; Wherein when filler was sand and zeolite, the volume of sand accounted for 50%-85%, and the volume of zeolite accounts for 15%-50%; When filler was sand and volcanics, the volume of sand accounted for 50%-85%, and the volume of volcanics accounts for 15%-50%; When filler was three kinds in sand, zeolite and volcanics, the volume of zeolite accounted for 7%-25%, and the volume of volcanics accounts for 7%-25%, and all the other are sand; This filler bottom is buried header 44 underground, and this header outlet 45 is connected with water collecting basin water inlet 51 by pipeline;
This water collecting basin has water inlet 51 and water outlet 52, and water inlet 51 positions are higher than water outlet 52, and the water outlet of this water collecting basin is connected with the downstream river waters by pipeline.
Aforesaid Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, wherein the thickness of this filler is preferably 1-4m.
Aforesaid Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, the particle diameter of its mesolite or volcanics is preferably 4-6mm.
Aforesaid Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, wherein this water-distributing device 42 can be parallel to each other and equidistant placement in a plurality of water distributors at top, diffusion cell, each water distributor bottom has equally distributed a plurality of posticum, the aperture of this posticum is preferably 2-10mm, and pitch of holes is preferably 5-20cm.
Aforesaid Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, wherein this header 44 can be to be parallel to each other and equidistant placement several headers in diffusion cell bottom form, each header top has equally distributed a plurality of prosopore, the aperture of its prosopore is preferably 2-10mm, and pitch of holes is preferably 5-20cm.
Aforesaid Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, wherein the location optimization of this equalizing tank water outlet 22 is higher than described diffusion cell water inlet 41, and the position of described diffusion cell water outlet 45 is higher than the water inlet 51 of described water collecting basin.
On the other hand, the invention provides the method for using above-mentioned Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system purifying river water, the method comprises the steps:
A. adopt the mode of natural membrane that biological domestication and cultivation are carried out in diffusion cell 4, river wastewater is introduced in the diffusion cell 4, hocket 12-72h waterflooding and 12-72h fall dried, tame altogether 20-80 days;
B. river wastewater draws water through intake pump 1 and enters equalizing tank 2, in equalizing tank sedimentation 0.5-5 hour;
C. the sewage after step B processes passes through water-distributing device 42 water distributions, and to enter from stream mode in the diffusion cell 4, falls dry spell through 12-72h waterflooding phase and 12-72h, and percolate is collected by header 44 and injected in the water collecting basin 5, and last water outlet enters the river.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) consider that natural sand seed footpath is less, the deficiency that hydraulic load is low adopts the zeolite of large particle diameter and volcanics can improve hydraulic load as the filler of diffusion cell.Zeolite and volcanics all are porous cave structures, and specific surface area is large, are conducive to the absorption of apposition growth and the pollutent of microorganism.Wherein, zeolite is the porous cave of a kind of shape structure and the silico-aluminate of passage, has huge specific surface area (400~800m 2/ g), good absorption, switching performance are arranged, can be desirable bio-carrier and energy Effective Raise nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate; Volcanics (being commonly called as float stone) be after the volcanic explosion by the porous stone material of the preciousness of volcanic glass, mineral and bubble formation, anticorrosive, have inertia, wetting ability is strong, the surface band positive charge is conducive to biological degradation, has good ammonia nitrogen removal effect.
(2) mode of operation that purifying river water method of the present invention adopts typical CRI system's waterflooding (Flooding) and fall dried (Drying) alternates, and in conjunction with Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system of the present invention, the water quality of river purification process condition of optimizing is proposed.On the one hand, can prevent surface, the diffusion cell obstruction that organism growth and suspended substance precipitation cause, effectively the penetrating quality of recovery system keeps the stable processing water yield; On the other hand, can make on the shallow section of internal system and alternately form redox environment, thereby make the CRI system have unique pollutant purification function, pollutent also has the effect such as degraded, absorption of microorganism by filtration, absorption, volatilization, decomposition and the conversion of soil in this system, become simple by complexity, become small molecules by macromole, can not be utilized to become by microorganism and can utilize, absorb, constantly update and cyclic regeneration, thereby realize the abundant purification of waste water and cyclic regeneration and the effectively utilization of liquid manure resource.
(3) adopt apparatus and method of the present invention, the hydraulic load scope of application is 1-6m 3/ m 2D, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD Cr) clearance can reach 60-70%, ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) clearance can reach 97-99%, and the clearance of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) all can reach 30-50%.
(4) apparatus and method of the present invention are applicable to the in-situ treatment of river wastewater, and system's floor space, treatment scale and investment are less, and equipment is simple, convenient operation and management and non-secondary pollution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system device synoptic diagram of a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the water distributor structural representation of diffusion cell in a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the header structural representation of diffusion cell in a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In preferred implementation of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the CRI system comprises intake pump 1, equalizing tank 2, under meter 3, diffusion cell 4 and water collecting basin 5.
At first river wastewater enters preposition high-order equalizing tank 1 through pumping for water pump, because river is in flow state for a long time, make in the water settling property preferably suspended particle be in for a long time suspended state, this part suspended substance forms mud by being deposited in the equalizing tank bottom, sewage rate of percolation through this processing is improved, and prevent that the diffusion cell packing layer from stopping up, and alleviates the diffusion cell pollution load.
River wastewater enters diffusion cell 4 and carries out quick percolation treatment after the preliminary treatment of equalizing tank 1.The performance of filler and consumption are for affecting the key factor of wastewater purifying efficiency in the diffusion cell 4.For improving the hydraulic load of system, for river polluting status thing and the lower characteristics of organic concentration, select sand, volcanics and zeolite as filler in the diffusion cell 4 of the present invention, this filling adsorption performance is good, and a large amount of specific surface areas can be provided for the apposition growth of microorganism; Make sewage flow through microbial film with the liquid film state; Enough porositys are arranged, good permeability (namely guaranteeing the supply of oxygen); Preferably chemical stability is arranged; Microbial growth is had no adverse effect; And certain physical strength is arranged; Raw material is extensive, and is cheap and easy to get.Usually the more decontamination effect improvings of content of volcanics or zeolite are better in the filler, consider the general pollution situation of river wastewater, and volcanics or zeolite content in filler is at least 15%, can suitably regulate according to the requirement that purifies water the proportioning of each component in the filler.
The thickness of thickness of filter bed is another factor that affects decontamination effect improving.Generally speaking, thickness of filter bed is larger, and the water environment capacity of system is stronger, and hydraulic detention time is also longer, and the effluent quality of system will be better; Yet thickness of filter bed is larger, and the investment cost in the engineering reality is also higher.Investigator of the present invention has studied pollutent decontamination effect improving in system and with the rule of change in depth thickness of filter bed has been defined as 1-4m, is preferably about 2m.
Routine CRI system generally adopts the operation scheme of alternation of wetting and drying in operational process, namely have the phase of flooding and fall two stages of dry spell.The phase of flooding refers to sewage and oozes pool surface from beginning to batch to, stops the residual water in rear surface and falls dried for some time until batch; After falling to referring to dry spell sewage and stopping to batch, after oozing the residual water of pool surface and falling to doing to for some time of water distribution next time.
In CRI system operational process, a waterflooding and the dried circulation that consists of that once falls are called hydraulic load cycle (the Hydraulic Loading Cycle of system, HLC), waterflooding time (waterflooding phase) and the ratio that falls to doing the time (falling dry spell) are called wet-dry ratio in the one-period.The design of HLC directly affects the difficulty for the treatment of effect and operational administrative.The adjustment of HLC in process of the test comprises the adjustment of HLC size and the adjustment of wet-dry ratio.Investigator of the present invention has carried out lot of experiments for different HLC and wet-dry ratio to various pollutant removals, finally determines the processing parameter of CRI system in operational process.Studies show that, adopt CRI of the present invention system, wet-dry ratio is about under 1: 1 the operation scheme, and the clearance of each contamination index is relatively best.
Average amount of infiltrating water in the one-period, the sewage quantity of namely processing on the unit time land area of one unit is called hydraulic load (Hydraulic Loading Rate).Hydraulic load is larger, and pollution load is also larger, and the time that pollutent stops in system is shorter, and filtrate is not thorough to organic absorption yet, thereby affects treatment effect.Therefore, hydraulic load should be controlled in the limit, in order to avoid cause sluicing excessively strong, causes biomembranous loss, reduces on the contrary biodegradable effect.Corresponding hydraulic load calculation formula is as follows:
Figure G2009102595152D00051
In the constant situation of system's floor space, CRI system hydraulic load is by the filler infiltration rate, also has the hydraulic load cycle jointly to determine.The filtration media penetrating quality of system is better, and the water yield of then processing in the unit time is also larger.The hydraulic load cycle on hydraulic load affect main manifestations be the wet-dry ratio adjustment on the impact of hydraulic load, when system's infiltration rate temporal evolution was not obvious, then larger wet-dry ratio can improve the hydraulic load of system.The hydraulic load of CRI system of the present invention and technique can reach 6m 3/ m 2D.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1:
Be illustrated in figure 1 as a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, this Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system can be arranged on the river waters bank, and it comprises intake pump 1, equalizing tank 2, under meter 3, diffusion cell 4 and water collecting basin 5; Wherein the entrance 11 of intake pump is connected with river water area by pipeline, and water inlet pump outlet 12 is connected with the water inlet 21 of equalizing tank by pipeline;
Equalizing tank adopts brickwork construction, and ground type is of a size of: long 4m, wide 3m, dark 2m, useful volume is 24m 3, its top has water inlet 21, and the bottom has water outlet 22; The effect of equalizing tank mainly is to utilize difference of altitude, makes entry realize that the mode of gravity flow supplies water, and it has also played removal part settleable matter simultaneously, prevents from oozing the effect that the pond is stopped up.
The water outlet 22 of equalizing tank is connected with the entrance 31 of under meter by pipeline, adopts the pvc pipe under meter, range 0.25-2.5m 3/ h, the outlet 32 of under meter is connected with diffusion cell water inlet 41 by pipeline;
The diffusion cell is that brick cement is constructed cube structure, and semi-underground type is of a size of: long 2m, wide 2m, dark 2m, useful volume is 8m 3Its top has water inlet 41, and water inlet connects water-distributing device 42; As shown in Figure 2, this water-distributing device 42 for be parallel to each other and equidistant placement in a plurality of water distributors 48 at top, diffusion cell, be interconnected by pipeline between this water distributor, each water distributor bottom has equally distributed a plurality of posticum 46, this posticum is distributed in water pipe section midperpendicular and becomes the miter angle direction, the aperture of this posticum 46 is 10mm, and pitch of holes is 15cm; Adopt in the diffusion cell volume ratio be 3/1 sand and volcanics as filler 43, the particle diameter of volcanics is 4-6mm, depth of packing is 2m; This filler bottom is buried header 44 underground, as shown in Figure 3, this header is to be parallel to each other and equidistant placement several water pipes 49 in diffusion cell bottom form, and above the side that becomes miter angle with water pipe section midperpendicular a plurality of prosopores 47 is set, the aperture is 10mm, and pitch of holes is 15cm; Header outlet 45 is connected with water collecting basin water inlet 51 by pipeline;
Water collecting basin is box-structure, and underground type has water inlet 51 and water outlet 52, and the position of this water inlet 51 is higher than water outlet 52, and the water outlet of water collecting basin is connected with the downstream river waters by pipeline.
The position of equalizing tank water outlet 22 is higher than diffusion cell water inlet 41 in the above-mentioned Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, and the position of diffusion cell water outlet 45 is higher than the water inlet 51 of water collecting basin.
Use said apparatus and process the polluted river water of experiment section, Beijing area.Adopt in advance the mode of river natural membrane to carry out microorganism culturing, the training method that adopt waterflooding 12h, falls to doing 12h is carried out the biological culture domestication, and river is naturally cultivated and tamed required time about 40 days.Through after this stage, begin river wastewater is carried out purifying treatment, at first river wastewater draws water through intake pump 1 and enters equalizing tank 2, and stop sedimentation 0.5h, pass through water distributor 42 water distributions through equalizing tank 2 pretreated sewage, and to enter from stream mode in the diffusion cell 4, fall dry spell through 12h waterflooding phase and 12h, the header 44 of percolate 4 bottoms through the diffusion cell is collected and is injected water collecting basin 5, and last water outlet enters the river.Each pond flooding quantity is controlled by under meter.
To diffusion cell 4 Inlet and outlet water COD Cr, NH 3-N, TN and TP index are carried out the short-term system monitoring, and the monitoring phase is 20 days altogether, and monitoring is spaced apart 2-3 days.
Analytical procedure: COD Cr, NH 3-N, TN, TP: instrumental method, German WTW-portable detector.
Monitoring result shows that the hydraulic load of this system is 6m 3/ m 2During d, the effects of purification quality of Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system is: COD CrAverage removal rate be 64.7%, NH 3The average removal rate of-N is that the average removal rate of 97.1%, TN is that the average removal rate of 31.8%, TP is 44.9%.
Embodiment 2:
Application Example 1 described Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, wherein adopting the natural river sand of volume ratio 3/1 and zeolite is the filler of diffusion cell 4, and the particle diameter of zeolite is 4-6mm, and depth of packing is 4m.
Use this device and process the polluted river water of experiment section, Beijing area.Adopt in advance the mode of river natural membrane to carry out microorganism culturing, the training method that adopt waterflooding 72h, falls to doing 72h is carried out the biological culture domestication, and river is naturally cultivated and tamed required time about 80 days.Through after this stage, begin river wastewater is carried out purifying treatment, at first river wastewater draws water through intake pump 1 and enters equalizing tank 2 and stop sedimentation 5h, pass through water distributor 42 water distributions through equalizing tank 2 pretreated sewage, and to enter from stream mode in the diffusion cell 4, fall dry spell through 72h waterflooding phase and 72h, the header 44 of percolate 4 bottoms through the diffusion cell is collected and is injected water collecting basin 5, and last water outlet enters the river.Each pond flooding quantity is controlled by under meter.
To diffusion cell 4 Inlet and outlet water COD Cr, NH 3-N, TN and TP index are carried out the short-term system monitoring, and the monitoring phase is 20 days altogether, and monitoring is spaced apart 2-3 days.
Analytical procedure: COD Cr, NH 3-N, TN, TP: instrumental method, German WTW-portable detector.
Monitoring result shows that the hydraulic load of this system is 1m 3/ m 2During d, the effects of purification quality of Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system is: COD CrAverage removal rate be 58.2%, NH 3The average removal rate of-N is that the average removal rate of 98.6%, TN is that the average removal rate of 40.8%, TP is 34.5%.
Embodiment 3:
Application Example 1 described Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, wherein adopting 6: 1: 1 natural river sand of volume ratio, zeolite and volcanics is the filler of diffusion cell 4, and the particle diameter of zeolite and volcanics is 4-6mm, and the filler total thickness is 1m.
Use this device and process the polluted river water of experiment section, Beijing area.Adopt in advance the mode of river natural membrane to carry out microorganism culturing, the training method that adopt waterflooding 24h, falls to doing 24h is carried out the biological culture domestication, and river is naturally cultivated and tamed required time about 60 days.Through after this stage, begin river wastewater is carried out purifying treatment, at first river wastewater draws water through intake pump 1 and enters equalizing tank 2 and stop sedimentation 2h, pass through water distributor 42 water distributions through equalizing tank 2 pretreated sewage, and to enter from stream mode in the diffusion cell 4, fall dry spell through 24h waterflooding phase and 24h, the header 44 of percolate 4 bottoms through the diffusion cell is collected and is injected water collecting basin 5, and last water outlet enters the river.Each pond flooding quantity is controlled by under meter.
To diffusion cell 4 Inlet and outlet water COD Cr, NH 3-N, TN and TP index are carried out the short-term system monitoring, and the monitoring phase is 30 days altogether, and monitoring is spaced apart 3-4 days.
Analytical procedure: COD Cr, NH 3-N, TN, TP: instrumental method, German WTW-portable detector.
Monitoring result shows that the hydraulic load of this system is 4m 3/ m 2During d, the effects of purification quality of Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system is: COD CrAverage removal rate be 60.2%, NH 3The average removal rate of-N is that the average removal rate of 97.1%, TN is that the average removal rate of 49.5%, TP is 44.5%.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system purifying river water quality is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
A. adopt the mode of natural membrane that diffusion cell (4) are carried out biological domestication and cultivation, river wastewater is introduced in the diffusion cell (4), hocket 24h waterflooding and 24h fall dried, tame altogether 60 days;
B. river wastewater draws water through intake pump (1) and enters equalizing tank (2), and sedimentation is 2 hours in equalizing tank;
C. the sewage after step B processes is by water-distributing device (42) water distribution, and to enter from stream mode in the diffusion cell (4), fall dry spell through 24h waterflooding phase and 24h, percolate is collected by header (44) and is injected in the water collecting basin (5), and last water outlet enters the river;
Described Manual rapid land infiltration treatment system, it comprises intake pump (1), equalizing tank (2), under meter (3), diffusion cell (4) and water collecting basin (5); The entrance of this intake pump (11) is connected with river water area by pipeline, and water inlet pump outlet (12) is connected with the water inlet (21) of equalizing tank by pipeline; This equalizing tank top has water inlet (21), and the bottom has water outlet (22); The water outlet of this equalizing tank (22) is connected with the entrance (31) of under meter by pipeline, and the outlet of this under meter (32) is connected with diffusion cell water inlet (41) by pipeline;
This top, diffusion cell has water inlet (41), and this water inlet connects water-distributing device (42); Adopt sand in this diffusion cell and at least aly be selected from zeolite and volcanics is filler (43); Wherein when filler was sand and zeolite, the volume of sand accounted for 50-85%, and the volume of zeolite accounts for 15-50%; When filler was sand and volcanics, the volume of sand accounted for 50-85%, and the volume of volcanics accounts for 15-50%; When filler was three kinds in sand, zeolite and volcanics, the volume of zeolite accounted for 7-25%, and the volume of volcanics accounts for 7-25%, and all the other are sand; This filler bottom is buried header (44) underground, and this header outlet (45) is connected with water collecting basin water inlet (51) by pipeline; This water collecting basin has water inlet (51) and water outlet (52), and water inlet (51) position is higher than water outlet (52), and the water outlet of this water collecting basin is connected with the downstream river waters by pipeline.
CN2009102595152A 2009-12-17 2009-12-17 Rapid manual land infiltration treatment system and method for purifying river water by applying the same Expired - Fee Related CN101759298B (en)

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