CN1017588B - Smoking article - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a smoking article, preferably in cigarette form, which produces an aerosol that resembles tobacco smoke. The article preferably comprises a short combustible fuel element having a density greater than 0.5 g/cc, a separate substrate bearing an aerosol forming material, a heat conducting member recessed from the lighting end of the fuel element, which preferably encloses the substrate, a resilient insulating jacket encircling at least a portion of the fuel element, and an optional tobacco jacket encircling at least a portion of the aerosol forming material.

Description

Smoking article

The present invention relates to a kind of cigarette type smoking article, preferably make its shape the same with cigarette, can produce and resemble the smog of tobacco being fuming, its advantage is the product of contained imperfect combustion and pyrolysis, than the common much less that produces of common cigarette.

For many years, people have dreamed up many artificial cigarettes since the especially near 20-30, but do not have a kind of goods in commercial achieving success.

Although pay close attention to and made great efforts decades, on market, still there be not a kind of benefit and advantage that had both had common cigarette, a large amount of imperfect combustions that do not produce common cigarette again and produced and the smoking article of thermal decomposition product.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cigarette type smoking article, its shape is the same with cigarette, can produce to resemble the smog of tobacco being fuming, but the product of contained imperfect combustion and pyrolysis is than the common much less that produces of common cigarette.

The present invention includes a kind of tobacco product, its shape is preferably the same with cigarette, and it uses a kind of little and fine and close flammable fuel meat and comprise one or more and gives birth to the smoke generating device (smog generation body, smog generation part) that separates on cigarette material, the structure.Between smoke generating device and the fuel preferably the conductibility heat exchange relationship and (or) at least a portion fuel and an elastic insulated sleeve pipe entangle and reduce photothermal loss.When lighting, fuel produces heat, just makes the living cigarette material volatilization in the smoke generating device.Thereafter, these volatile materials especially when smoking, are attracted in mouth and suction smoker's the mouth, and are similar with common having cigarette smoking (smoking).

The length of employed little fuel is less than about 30 millimeters among the present invention, and the preferential length that adopts is less than about 20 millimeters, and shortest length is 3 millimeters, and its density is approximately 0.5 gram per centimeter at least ³, preferably be approximately 0.7 gram per centimeter at least ³[measured value is for example measured (mercury displacemnt) with mercury displacement method] fuel can with powdery or again system tobacco and (or) tobacco mold pressing or extruding form, preferably contain flammable carbon fuel and preferably also have one or more vertical passage, 5-9 bar or more passage are preferably arranged, and this helps to control the heat transmission of fuel that spontaneous combustion the living cigarette material in the smoke generating device.

Smoke generating device preferably comprises a kind of matrix or carrier, and preferably a kind of heat stable material and can carrying contains one or more and gives birth to the cigarette material.Conductibility heat exchange relationship between fuel and the smoke generating device preferably reaches with a kind of heat-conducting piece such as metallic conductor, its contact fuel and smoke generating device and make heat from the fuel conduction of burning or be delivered to smoke generating device effectively.This heat-conducting piece is preferably with the form contact fuel and the smoke generating device of circumferential surface at least a portion around them, heat-conducting piece preferably and the ignited fuel end leave certain distance, spacing is at least about 3 millimeters, preferably be approximately 5 millimeters apart, hinder ignited fuel and burning and prevent the outstanding of heat-conducting piece avoiding.Better mode is that heat-conducting piece is also sealed the part of the matrix that contains living cigarette material at least.Perhaps, give birth to the cigarette material with the container closure of a heat conduction in addition.

In addition, the best at least a portion of fuel has the circumference insulation, for example a kind of heat-insulating fiber cover.This jacket is preferably resilient, the incombustible material of at least 0.5 millimeters thick.This element reduces the radiation heat loss and helps to keep heat and heat is guided into smoke generating device from fuel, also helps to reduce the firing accident of fuel.Insulation preferably entangles the part of fuel and the part of smoke generating device at least, and this helps to simulate the sensation of common cigarette.The material that is used to isolate fuel and smoke generating device can be identical, also can be different.

Because fuel is shorter, so it is very near that the red-hot flame that is burning awl leaves smoke generating device all the time, this helps to make the transmission of heat and the generation of smog to reach maximum, have the multi channel fuel heat conducting element and (or) especially like this among the embodiment of thermal insulation element.Use the fuel of higher-density,, and guarantee that it can provide and produce the required enough energy of some smog because it helps to guarantee that short and small fuel can burn the sufficiently long time with burning time of simulation common cigarette.Because giving birth to the cigarette material is separated with fuel structurally, so the temperature of living cigarette material is more much lower than the temperature at burning flame awl place, so make the possibility of living cigarette material thermal decomposition reduce to minimum.

Smoking article of the present invention has a cigarette holder usually, and it comprises the thing such as a vertical passage, so that the volatility smog that smoke generating device is produced sends the smoker to.Cigarette holder preferably includes an elastic outer layer member, as the ring section cellulose acetate tow, helps to simulate the impression of common cigarette.The size of smoking article is big or small identical with common cigarette preferably, so the length of cigarette holder and smog conveyer more than about 1/2nd or 1/2nd of smoking article length normally.Perhaps, fuel and smoke generating device can not have cigarette holder or smog conveyer when producing so that and separate, used the cigarette holder of once just abandoning that maybe can reuse to use together.

Smoking article of the present invention can comprise that also some tobaccos or burley tobaccos increase the interest of some tobaccos to smog.This tobacco can be placed between the mouth end of smoke generating device and smoking article.Tobacco is placed on the circumference of smoke generating device preferably ringwise, makes it also play the thermal insulation element effect, and helps to simulate the fragrance and the impression of common cigarette.Tobacco also can mix or be used as the matrix of giving birth to the cigarette material with the matrix of giving birth to the cigarette material.Also can adopt other material such as fumet in the smoking article, give smog, perhaps improve the smog that sends smoking to fragrance.

Smoking article of the present invention produces can accept the common cigarette much less of the used fuel ratio of amount of smoke, no matter is to be not always the case from volume or from weight.And, it is also lower to send pyrogen and imperfect combustion product contained usually in smoker's the smog to, this be since from smoke generating device come out be the end through decomposing smog and because short and fine and close fuel, especially have among the embodiment many vertical passages the pyrolysis that fuel produced and (or) the imperfect combustion product is than common cigarette much less, also is like this even if comprise tobacco or other fibrous matters in the fuel.

" smog " speech that this paper adopted and that only the application's case is suitable for is defined as and comprises smog, gas, particulate or the like, have visible and sightless, especially sensuously thinking those components of picture " cigarette " during smoker's smoking, these components are to act on the material that is included in smoke generating device or other zones of these goods by the heat that the fuel that is burning sends to be produced.According to the definition of this paper, " smog " also comprise the volatility fumet and (or) on the medicine or the agent that works on the physiology, no matter whether it produces visible smog.

Said herein " conductibility heat exchange relationship " is meant the structural configuration of smoke generating device and fuel, and this configuration makes heat by conducting during whole fuel combustion from the delivery of fuel of burning to smoke generating device.The conductibility heat exchange relationship can reach like this, though smoke generating device contacts with fuel and near the combustion parts of fuel and (or) use heat conducting element that heat is sent to smoke generating device from the fuel that is burning.Best two kinds of conductive heat transfer methods are all used.

Adopt " thermal insulation element " speech herein, can be applicable to all mainly as adiabatic material.Preferably in use, these materials can not burn, but they can comprise the carbon and the materials similar of lingering, those materials that especially in use can fusion, for example low-melting-point glass fiber.Suitable heat guard, its thermal conductivity less than about 0.05 the gram one the card/(second) (centimetre ²) (℃/centimetre), preferably, the most best less than about 0.005 less than about 0.02.Referring to [Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 34(4th ed., 1969) and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10,272-274(11th ed., 1973)].

Smoking article of the present invention can produce a large amount of smog all the time in length of life, can also give and impression and the benefit of smoker to have cigarette smoking.The smog that smoke generating device produced produces under the situation that does not have what thermal decomposition, its give and smoker's pyrolysis and imperfect combustion product quantitatively than the common give of common cigarette with much less.

Below, will do more detailed narration to smoking article of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of various embodiment of the present invention to Fig. 9;

Figure 1A is the cutaway view along Fig. 1 embodiment of 1A-1A line intercepting among Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 A is the cutaway view along Fig. 2 embodiment of 2A-2A line intercepting among Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 A is the cutaway view along Fig. 6 embodiment of 6A-6A line intercepting among Fig. 6;

Fig. 7 A, 7B, 7C and 9A are that explanation is applicable to the end-view that the passage of the various fuel in the some embodiments of the invention is arranged;

Fig. 8 A is the cutaway view along Fig. 8 embodiment of 8-8 line intercepting among Fig. 8;

The end-view of the amplification of the canister that uses among Fig. 8 embodiment on Fig. 8 B;

Fig. 9 B is the longitudinal sectional view of arrangement that is applicable to the optimum fuel passage of embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 shows that embodiments of the invention, the size that preferably has common cigarette, 20 millimeters the ignitable fuel 10, one of being about comprising a weak point is right after at the smoke generating device 12 of back and the paper tube 14 of a metal forming lining, and paper tube forms the cigarette holder 15 of goods.In this embodiment, fuel 10 by the tobacco that contains powdery or recasting and (or) the mixture extruding or the mold pressing of tobacco and a small amount of flammable carbon form, and have 5 longitudinal extension holes 16.Referring to Figure 1A.Fuel 10 light end can be tapered or diameter reduce, light being easy to.

Smoke generating device 12 comprises a kind of carbon piece 13 of porous, and it has one or more passage 17 and injects dipping, and one or more give birth to cigarette material, for example triethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or their mixture.

Form the non-firing tip of the clad lining paper tube 14 of goods cigarette holder, make foil paper pipe about 15 millimeters apart from the firing tip of fuel around smoke generating device 12 and fuel 10 rear portions.Paper tube 14 also forms a smog and transmits passage 18, and it is difficult to articulate between 15 at smoke generating device and goods mouth end.The foil paper pipe 14 that the non-firing tip of fuel 10 and smoke generating device 12 are coupled together has improved the heat transmission to smoke generating device.Metal forming also helps to extinguish the flame awl.When only fuel was fired at residual a small amount of end, the loss of heat on paper tinsel worked the fin effect that helps to extinguish the flame awl.Used metal forming is that a kind of thickness is the aluminium foil of 0.35 mil (0.0089 millimeter) in these goods, but the thickness of employed heat conductor and (or) type can be different, as long as it is just passable to reach the requirement of satisfied heat transfer in fact.

Goods shown in Fig. 1 also comprise a kind of optional tobacco block or burley tobaccos 20, so that tart up for smog.As shown in Figure 1, tobacco 20 can be placed on the mouth end of carbon piece 13, also can be placed on a certain position of leaving smoke generating device 12 in the passage 18.For simulated cigarette on the profile, goods can comprise a kind of poor efficiency cellulose acetate filter 22, are contained on the mouth end 15 or near it.

Embodiments of the invention shown in Fig. 2 comprise a short and inflammable fuel 24, are about 20 millimeters, link to each other with smoke generating device 12 with foil paper pipe 14 by heat conducting bar 26, and paper tube 14 1 is through to the mouth end 15 of goods.Smoke generating device 12 comprises a kind of matrix 28 of heat-staple carbon containing, a kind of connector thing of porous carbon for example, and it is given birth to cigarette materials with one or more and flooded.This embodiment has one section space 30 between fuel 24 and matrix 28.Surrounding on the foil paper pipe 14 in this space has many circular holes 32, can make enough air enter the space, so that suitable pressure drop to be provided.

Shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 A, heat conducting element comprises heat conducting bar 26 and foil paper pipe 14, and the two all leaves certain distance with the fuel ignition end.About 5 millimeters on bar 26 apart from firing tip; Paper tube is approximately at a distance of 15 millimeters.Bar 26 the most handy aluminium are made and are wherein had a circumferential groove at least, and the 2-5 bar is preferably arranged, and make air pass through matrix.The goods of Fig. 2 have such advantage, and the air of promptly introducing space 30 comprises less oxidation product, because this air does not pass through the fuel that is burning.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 3 comprises fuel 10, is about 10 millimeters, has single axial hole 16.Tapered or the diameter of fuel ignition end is reduced, light being easy to.The matrix 38 of smoke generating device is a kind of heat-staple carbon granules or corundum grain that is filled with living cigarette material.Tobacco block 20 is directly placed in the matrix back.This goods have an acetate fiber pipe 40, are in the position of the foil paper pipe among (replacement) more above-mentioned embodiment.This pipe 40 comprises the annular resilient cellulose acetate tow 42 of plastic tube 44 optional in polypropylene, nomex, polyester film or the like.Be poor efficiency cellulose acetate filter 45 on the mouth 15 of pipe.

Whole goods can encase with the cigarette paper 46 of cigarette.For the simulated cigarette filter tip, at available filter tip paper of mouth end or coated white ink coating.Fuel end towards goods on the cigarette paper inboard is provided with paper tinsel band 50.This band preferably is overlapped on fuel back 2-3 and locates in the least, and extends to the mouth end of tobacco 20.It can form integral body with cigarette paper, perhaps can separate, and adds in the past at bag cigarette paper.

The embodiment of Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3.In the present embodiment, the length of fuel 10 is approximately 15 millimeters, and aluminium box 52 constitutes smoke generating devices 12, is full of particulate substrates or as shown in Figure 4 in the box, is full of the mixture of particulate substrates 54 and tobacco 56.The two ends 58,60 of box 52 curve the limit to encase material and to prevent living cigarette material to move.Preferably be close to the rear end of fuel by the crimp end 58 of fuel end, to guarantee the conduction of heat.

Also help to prevent living cigarette material to move by terminal 58 spaces that constitute 62 to fuel.Vertical passage 59 and 61 can be air and gives birth to the cigarette material provides path.Box 52 can be connected with common cigarette paper 47 with fuel 10, as shown in the figure, perhaps connects with porous ceramics paper, metal tape or metal tube.If the employing cigarette paper, should near the fuel rear end with 64 on print or with sodium metasilicate or other well-known mass treatment that paper is not fired.If the employing metal forming then preferably should be at a distance of the about 8-12 millimeter of firing tip of fuel.Can on whole length of goods, wrap up with common cigarette paper 46.

What use among the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is to be full of the matrix 66 that one or more give birth to the cigarette materials, and it puts into 68 li of the big cavitys of fuel 10.In such embodiment, normally a kind of harder porous mass of matrix 66.The whole length of goods can be wrapped up with common cigarette paper 46.Present embodiment also comprises the paper tinsel band 70 that fuel 10 is connected and helps to extinguish fuel with acetate fiber pipe 40.This band and firing tip are at a distance of about 5-10 millimeter.

Fig. 6 comprises an elasticity jacket in embodiment shown in Figure 8, it around or external fuel, play a role in insulation and help to make heat to concentrate in the fuel.These embodiment also help to reduce the possibility that burning flame awl catches fire, and in some cases, help the impression of simulation common cigarette.

In the embodiment of Fig. 6, fuel 10 has many holes 16 and is with thick about 0.5 millimeter resilient sleeve 72, as shown in Figure 6A.This sleeve pipe is made of heat-insulating fiber, for example pottery (as glass) fiber or noninflammability carbon or graphite fibre.The one porous carbon piece 13 with single axial hole 17 is arranged in the smoke generating device 12.

In the embodiment of Fig. 7, flexible glass fibre insulation casing 72 be centered around fuel 10 and smoke generating device 12 around, preferably a kind of low melting material of fusion in use.Again with atresia paper 73 parcels, for example use the P878-5 paper of Kimberly-Clark company on the sleeve pipe 72.In this embodiment, the length of fuel is about the 15-20 millimeter, preferably has 3 or 3 above holes 16, to increase the air mass flow through fuel.Fig. 7 A, 7B and 7C are depicted as the configuration of three kinds of suitable passages.

In this embodiment, smoke generating device 12 comprises a canister 74, the inside adorning particulate substrates 38 and (or) fine and close tobacco 76, one of them or both comprise living cigarette material.As shown in the figure, the beginning 75 of container 74 is overlapped on the 3-5 millimeter place, back of fuel 10.Perhaps, the beginning 75 also can be right after the rear end at fuel 10.The other end crimp of container forms wall 78, and many passages are arranged on the wall, can make gas, tobacco flavor and (or) give birth to the cigarette material and feed smog and transmit passage 18.

The wall end 78 of plastic tube 44 and canister 74 in abutting connection with or best overlap joint, one section elasticity and fine and close cellulose acetate tow 42 are around it.One deck glue 82 or other materials can be added on the fuel end of fibre bundle 42, seal fibre bundle and stop flowing through of air-flow.Load onto a kind of poor efficiency filter tip 45 at the mouth end of goods, the most handy common bag tobacco wraps up in paper 85 parcels on fibre bundle 42 and filter tip 45.And then the rear portion of insulation casing 72 and fibre bundle/filter tip are partly coupled together with another layer cigarette paper 86.

In the remodeling of Fig. 7 embodiment, also available insulation casing replaces cellulose acetate tow 42, makes sleeve pipe extend to filter tip 45 from firing tip.Concerning this class embodiment, the filter-tip annular section that is preferably in the end adjacency of insulation casing adds one deck glue, and the circular fiber bundle of a branch of weak point perhaps is set between insulation casing and filter tip, and glue is added in each end.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the length of fuel 10 is the 10-15 millimeter, overcoat fibrous glass insulation sleeve pipe 72, and there is tobacco sleeve pipe 88 the smoke generating device outside.The softening temperature of the glass fibre that is adopted in the present embodiment is preferably lower than about 650 ℃, for example by Owens-Corning, and Toledo, the test thread 6432 and 6437 that Ohio produces is so that make its fusion in use.Glass fibre sleeve and tobacco sleeve pipe are all wrapped cigarette paper 85 separately, and for example Ecusta 646, wrap cigarette package paper 89 again, for example the 780-63-5 or the P878-16-2 paper of Kimberly-Clark production.Locket 90 is overlapped on the rear portion 3-4 millimeter of fuel in the present embodiment, make it at a distance of the about 6-12 millimeter of firing tip, and the rear portion of capsule 90 curves leaf lobe shape, shown in Fig. 8 B.At the center of capsule, a passage 91 is arranged on its mouth end.At the capsule crimp with on the transition point between the part of crimp 4 additional channels are not arranged.Whether perhaps, the rear portion of capsule can have a rectangle or square sectional to replace the leaf lobe, also can use a simple tubulose capsule with crimp mouth end, have the passage 92 can.

Mouth end at tobacco sleeve pipe 88 is a cigarette holder 40, and it comprises ring-type cellulose acetate tow 42, plastic tube 44, poor efficiency filter tip 45 and two-layer cigarette paper 85 and 89.Cigarette holder 40 is engaged with the fuel that has sleeve pipe to entangle/capsule end by the filter tip paper 86 of one deck outsourcing.As shown in the figure, the capsule end of plastic tube 44 and capsule 90 are at a distance of certain distance.Like this, the high temperature passage of smoke tobacco sleeve pipe 88 of the passage 92 of flowing through makes the volatile component evaporation in the tobacco or is extracted out, enters the passage 18 of tobacco sleeve pipe and cellulose acetate tow 42 adjacency then.

Have among some embodiment of low-density fuel insulation casing 72 in this class, flow through sleeve pipe 72 and enter tobacco sleeve pipe 88 of some air is arranged.Like this, extracting tobacco flavor from tobacco sleeve pipe 88 can be through the circumferential channel 92 in the capsule.

In the embodiment of Fig. 9, sleeve pipe 94 comprises the admixture of tobacco or tobacco and heat-insulating fiber, for example glass fibre.As shown in the figure, tobacco sleeve pipe 94 just in time extends to the mouth end back of canister 96.Perhaps, it also can extend on the whole length of goods, until filter tip mouth end.In this class embodiment, container 96 is preferably on its circumference (preferably have be separated by 180 ° two grooves) and is provided with one or more cannelure, so that the smog that comes from smoke generating device is flowed through around the annular tobacco segment of smoke generating device, before admission passage 18, extracts tobacco flavor.

As shown in the figure, the tobacco on the fuel end of sleeve pipe 94 was compressed.This helps to reduce the air of tobacco of flowing through, thereby has reduced the possibility of tobacco place burning.In addition, container 96 helps to make tobacco flame-out, plays the fin effect.This radiating effect helps to suppress around the burning of the tobacco of capsule, also helps equably heat distribution to the tobacco around smoke generating device, so help to discharge tobacco flavor.In addition, use, help to make tobacco to extinguish, so that its burning is not exceedingly surpassed outside the expose portion of fuel such as the cigarette package paper 85,89 of mass treatment such as sodium metasilicate near the fuel rear end.Perhaps, also can be with burning degenerative treatments tobacco itself, to prevent around the burning of the tobacco of smog generation body.

During any goods in lighting the above embodiments, fuel combustion and generation are used for making the living cigarette material of smog generation body or the heat of other some materials volatilizations, then, these volatilizations are taken out to the mouth end, during especially smoking, enter the smoker in the mouth, be similar to the smoking of common cigarette.

Because fuel is shorter, so high temperature combustion flame awl is always near smog generation body, this makes the heat of the tobacco material that passes to smog generation body and choose wantonly and the smog of final generation and the tobacco flavor of choosing wantonly reach maximum, and is especially true when using preferred heat conducting element.Because fuel is short, play the fin effect so never have a long section unburned fuel, as in the former hot smog goods common.Little fuels sources also can make the product amount of imperfect combustion or pyrolysis reduce to minimum, particularly those contain carbon and (or) multichannel embodiment is all the more so.

The passage that fuel is passed in employing can improve the transmission of heat and the transmission of smog, and when especially smoking, passage can be guided hot-air into smog generation part.Preferred heat conducting element also can improve heat transfer, and it is separated by a distance with the firing tip of fuel, with obstruction free fuel ignition and burning, even if also can avoid times ugly outstanding simultaneously after usefulness.In addition, preferred thermal insulation element can make the heat restriction end, directed and focus on the center of goods, thereby the high heat of passing living cigarette material that increases.

Structurally separate because give birth to the cigarette material, so it is to be in the much lower temperature of temperature that exists than in the combustion flame awl with fuel.This makes the thermal decomposition of living cigarette material and the possibility of generation strange taste reduce to minimum.This also can produce smog when smoking, but when smouldering, the smog that produces in smoke generating device but is minimum.

In some embodiments of the invention, short fuel, recessed heat conducting element, thermal insulation element and (or) passage in the fuel partly matches and forms a system with giving birth to cigarette, the tobacco flavor that this system can produce a large amount of smog and choose wantonly when each smoking.After smoking several times, the flame awl is with to give birth to the cigarette part very contiguous, add heat conducting element, thermal insulation element and (or) passage in the fuel, when smoking and between smoking, can both produce very big heat during long the smouldering.

Though, do not think to be set forth theoretically, can believe that smog generation body is the temperature that keeps higher between smoking, and the additional heat that is taken place is because of the passage in the fuel is greatly increased when smoking.This heat is mainly used in and makes living cigarette material volatilization.The heat transfer of this increase is effectively utilized the fuel energy that can support utilization.Reduce required quantity of fuel, also helped early to take place smog.

In addition, the configuration of composition (component), quantity, size, shape and fuel channel by suitably selecting fuel, insulation casing, overwrap and (or) heat conducting element, just may control the ignition quality of fuels sources to a large extent.This has just controlled the heat that is delivered to living smoke effectively, can change again conversely the smoking number of times and (or) send smoker's amount of smoke to.

In general, among the present invention the length of spendable combustible fuel approximately less than 30 millimeters.Preferably be approximately 20 millimeters or, the most about 15 millimeters or less than 15 millimeters less than 20 millimeters.Shortest length is 3 millimeters.The diameter of fuel is approximately 8 millimeters or less than 8 millimeters, and is better greatly between the 3-7 millimeter, is preferably between about 4-6 millimeter.The measured value of operable fuel density is approximately from 0.5 gram per centimeter among the present invention ³To about 1.5 gram per centimeters ³(for example measuring) with mercury displacement method.Density is with greater than 0.7 gram per centimeter ³For good, more preferably greater than 0.8 gram per centimeter ³In most of the cases, require high-density matter,, and guarantee that the energy of supplying with is enough to produce desired amount of smoke because this helps to guarantee that fuel has the burning time of the such length of common cigarette.

The most handy powdered tobacco of fuel used in the present invention, reorganization tobacco or tobacco, for example tobacco cellulosic material of modification, degraded or pre-pyrolysis or the like forms through mold pressing or extruding.Suitable material comprises people's such as Lanzilotti United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 347,855, people's such as Miano United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 931, in people's such as No. 824 and Borthwick the United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 885, No. 574 and No. 4008723 and Sittig, Tobacco Substi-tutes, those materials that disclosed in Noyes Data Corp, (1976).The combustible material that other are suitable makes smog part take place by giving birth to the smog that forms requested number in the cigarette material as long as they can have such long burning time of common cigarette and produce enough heats, just can use.

Preferred fuel generally includes combustible carbonaceous material, for example by the material that pyrolysis or carbonization obtained such as cellulosic materials such as wood, cotton, artificial silk, tobacco, coconut, paper.As a rule, all wishing has flammable carbon, because it has high calorific value, but also because it only produces minimum imperfect combustion product.The carbon content of fuel preferably is approximately 20%-40%(weight), perhaps higher.

Implementing most preferred fuel used in the present invention is carbonaceous fuel (that is Main Ingredients and Appearance is the fuel of carbon), this fuel has been submitted to by on September 14th, 1984, serial number is 650, on August 26th, 604 and 1985 submitted to, serial number is that 769,532 the application case that awaits the reply jointly is described and has proposed claim.Carbonaceous fuel is good especially, because it produces minimum pyrolysis and imperfect combustion product, produces or does not produce visible effluent hardly and be fuming and produce minimum ash, and have high calorific value.In most preferred embodiment, the smog that sends the smoker to is measured (referring to people such as Ames, Mut.Res.31:347-364(1975) through Salmonella reversion test; People such as Nagas, Mut.Res, 42:335(1977)] do not have noticeable MA.

For suitable burning and luminescence feature is provided, can also be in the fuel in conjunction with combustion additive or combustion improver.If necessary, can also add in the fuel such as tripolite filling material and such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) binding agent.In order in smog, to add tobacco or other fragrant hiding, can be in conjunction with such as flavorants such as tobacco extracts in the fuel.

Fuel preferably is provided with one or more of longitudinally extending channels.These passages help to control from fuel to smog heat transmission partly take place, and this is transmitting enough heats to produce aspect the enough smog and to be avoided transmitting too many heat in order to avoid to give birth to aspect the cigarette mass degradation all be important.In general, these passages provide pore, like this, increase owing to arrive the hot gas amount of matrix, also increase so pass to the heat of matrix in early days.Passage also works to increase burn rate.

Passage generally has a lot of bars, about 5-9 bar or for example more than 9, between the special channel at interval broad shown in Figure 1A, 7A and 9A, can produce the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection that causes high smog generation (release).Multichannel also makes fuel be easy to light usually.

High convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection can cause that CO output is higher in the main flow.In order to reduce CO content, can use the fuel of less passage or higher density, but so often can make fuel again than the fiery and low convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection of difficult point, thus the transfer rate and the quantity of reduction smog.Yet, having found that shown in Fig. 7 B, under the compact arranged situation of passage, they burn passage of pipe merging formation in other words at firing tip at least, the CO quantity in the combustion product is usually less than passage same but that wide interval is arranged.

The optimal arrangement of fuel channel, structure and number should transmit stable and a large amount of smog, are easy to light a fire and produce few CO.Among the various embodiment of the present invention to the passage arrangement/structure of used carbonaceous fuel and (or) number carried out multiple composite test.In general, have found that, fuel is provided with about 5-9 bar passage, and to arrange more tightly, at least form a major path at the firing tip of fuel when causing them to burn, it seems the requirement that can closely satisfy used preferred fuel among the present invention, is like this to preferred carbonaceous fuel especially.Yet believe, if use this phenomenon of various non-carbonaceous fuels also can occur in the embodiment of this invention.

The factor of the speed that burning gallery merges when influencing fuel comprises the density and the composition of fuel, distance between the size of passage, shape and number, the passage and arrangement thereof.For example, for 0.85 gram per centimeter with the about 0.5 millimeter passage of 7 diameters ³Carbonaceous fuel, these passages should be placed within the core diameter, that is the outer peripheral minimum diameter of a circle of contact channels is between about 1.6 millimeters to 2.5 millimeters, so that make them be merged into single passage when burning.Yet when every diameter of 7 passages increased to about 0.6 millimeter, the core diameter that merges during burning increased to about 2.1 millimeters to about 3.0 millimeters.

Structure shown in Fig. 9 B is that another kind of preferred fuel passage used in the embodiment of the invention is arranged.Have found that this arrangement is particularly conducive to and reduces CO and igniting.In this preferred arrangement, a cutting back of fuel ignition end is provided with a lot of passages, preferably is approximately the 5-9 bar, and these passages are merged into a big cavity 97 and extend to the mouth end of fuel.Transmission provides and desired big surface area a lot of passages of firing tip with early-stage smog in order to be easy to light.The length of cavity can be the about 30% to 95% of fuel length, and more preferably greater than 50%, it helps to guarantee equably to take place to smog, and part is conducted heat and to be sent to the CO that goes in the primary air lower.

Implementing the used smog generation part of the present invention is what to separate with fuel structurally.The chamber that separately means matrix, container on the structure or contain living cigarette material is immiscible with burnt fuel or separates.As mentioned above, this be arranged with to help to reduce or eliminate the thermal degradation of giving birth to the cigarette material and effluent occurs be fuming.Though be not the part of fuel, part takes place and preferably is in the conduction heat exchange relationship with fuel in smog, and best adjacency or close fuel.It is then better that heat conducting element reaches the conduction heat exchange relationship employing such as metal tube or the metal forming, and element is preferably recessed or separated by a distance with the firing tip of fuel.

Part takes place smog preferably has one or more heat endurance materials to carry one or more living cigarette materials.The present invention said (used) heat endurance material is a kind of material that can reach anti-400 ℃ of-600 ℃ of high temperature, and it is placed on the place of nearly fuel and can decompose or burn.Though be not preferred, other smog generation body, but for example hot tearing cause capsule or solid is given birth to the cigarette material also all within the scope of the invention, if they can discharge the enough living cigarette volatile matter of tobacco being fuming that resemble.

Can be used as the matrix of living cigarette material or the heat endurance material of section body is some known in the art materials.Useful matrix should be porous, and must be able to keep giving birth to the cigarette material when not using, and must be able to discharge cigarette shape volatile matter when being heated by fuel.Matrix, especially graininess matrix can be placed in the container, and container preferably is made of Heat Conduction Material.

Useful heat stable material comprises thermally-stabilised adsorptivity carbon, for example vesicularity carbon, graphite, activity or carbon non-activated or the like.Other suitable materials comprise inoganic solids, for example pottery, glass, corundum, vermiculite, clay such as bentonite or the like.Preferred carbon matrix material comprises porous carbon, for example can adopt the PC-25 of Union Carbide production and the SGL carbon of PG-60 and Calgon production.Preferred corundum matrix can adopt Davidson Chemical Division of W.R Grace ﹠amp; CO., the SMR-14-1896 of production, it is that sintering forms under about 1000 ℃ high temperature being higher than, and will wash before using and dry.

Have found that the particulate substrates that is fit to also can be made with Japanese Fuji Paudal KK by the mixture of carbon, tobacco or carbon and tobacco, the machine of commodity " Marumerizer " by name is made fine and close particle with one-step method and is constituted.This device is at Deutsche Bundespatent the 1st, 294, the open description in No. 351 and United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 277, No. 520 (issue at present is No. 27214 again) and the Japan's bulletin specification the 8684/1967th.

The used smog generation body and the interval of fuel ignition end among the present invention, be not more than about 40 millimeters for well, serve as better to be not more than 30 millimeters, to be not more than 20 millimeters for best.The length of smog generation body can be chosen in about 2 millimeters to about 60 millimeters, with about 5 millimeters to 40 millimeters for well, be best with about 20 millimeters to 35 millimeters.The diameter of smog generation body can be chosen from about 2 millimeters to about 8 millimeters, is best with about 3-6 millimeter.If use non-particulate shape matrix, then one or more holes can be set on matrix, increase the surface area of matrix, and increase air-flow and heat transfer.

Living cigarette material used among the present invention must generate smog under the residing temperature in smog generation body when being heated by fuel.This material preferably is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but they can comprise other materials.Give birth to the cigarette material and can be solid shape, semi-solid or liquid.This material and (or) boiling point of the mixture of these materials can be up to about 500 ℃.Material with these character comprises polyalcohol, for example glycerine and propane diols and list, two or the aliphatic ester of polybasic carboxylic acid, for example stearic acid methyl ester, dodecanoate, 4-dodecoic acid dimethyl ester or the like.

Preferred living cigarette material is the mixture of polyalcohol or polyalcohol.Particularly preferred living cigarette material is glycerine, propane diols, triethylene glycol or their mixture.

Can be dispersed on the smog generation body or the inside with giving birth to the cigarette material, concentration will be enough to infiltrate or coated matrix, carrier or container.For example, giving birth to the cigarette material can pure state apply or apply with dipping, spraying, hydatogenesis or similar methods with dilute solution.Solid is given birth to the cigarette component and can be before being shaped being mixed and make it with matrix and distribute equably.

Though looking carrier, the consumption of living cigarette material has nothing in common with each other with giving birth to the different of cigarette material, but liquid is given birth to the quantity of cigarette thing generally between about 20 milligrams to about 120 milligrams, from about 35 milligrams to about 85 milligrams be quite a lot of, be best from about 45 milligrams to about 65 milligrams.Should send the living cigarette material that carries by smog generation body as much as possible to smoker as the always wet shot-like particle of WTPM.Send smoker's the livings cigarette amount of carrying by smog generation body to as total wet shot-like particle, generally in about 2%(weight) more than, better greatly about 15%(weight) more than, be preferably in about 20%(weight) more than.

Smog generation body also comprises one or more volatile fragrant agent, and for example menthol, vanillic aldehyde, artificial coffee, tobacco extract, nicotine, caffeine, Spirit and other fragrance take the medium in the smog to.Can also comprise any other desired volatile solid or liquid substance.Perhaps, these optional mediums can be placed between smog generation body and the mouth end, for example in the matrix of separating or cell in the passage of smog generation body being guided into the mouth end, perhaps in optional tobacco material.If any requiring, can send smokeless fragrance or other materials to smoker to cause these goods with these volatilizer instead of part or all living cigarette material.

A kind of particularly preferred smog generation body comprises above-mentioned corundum matrix, wherein comprises spray-dired tobacco extract, tobacco flavor denaturant, for example levulic acid, one or more flavouring agents and living cigarette material, for example glycerine.This matrix is mixed with the tobacco grain of densification, and for example at the soot of above-mentioned " Marumerizer " production, the also available living cigarette material of tobacco grain floods.

This based article disclosed herein can transmit goods as medicine, perhaps makes improvements slightly for being used for this, for example transmits volatile material with pharmacology or physiological action, such as ephedrine.Terbutaline, orciprenaline etc.

As shown in the Examples, smoking article of the present invention also can comprise tobacco material or plug of tobacco that is placed on the fuel back or the material that comprises tobacco, and tobacco flavor is added in the smog.In this case, high temperature smog is extracted out by tobacco, the volatile matter in the volatilization tobacco, and not burning or a large amount of pyrolysis.Shown in Fig. 8 and 9, a kind of preferred tobacco material placement location is around the circumference of smog generation body, can increase like this to tobacco and conduct heat, and especially those are in giving birth to the embodiment that uses the heat transfer element or the objective device that conducts heat between cigarette material and the circular tobacco sleeve pipe.Tobacco among these embodiment also plays the effect of the thermal insulation element of living smoke, and helps to simulate the impression and the fragrance of common cigarette.The preferred placement location of another kind of tobacco material is in smog generation body, and tobacco or fine and close tobacco grain are mixed with the matrix of giving birth to the cigarette material, perhaps is used to replace matrix.

The material that contains tobacco can comprise the available any tobacco of those of ordinary skill, for example burley tobaccos (Burley), flue-cured tobacco (Flue Cured), Turkey's cigarette (Turkish), the recasting tobacco, extruding or fine and close tobacco composition comprises the thin slice or the like of tobacco.The most handy tobacco admixture is so that be made into more fragrance.The material that contains tobacco can also comprise common tobacco additive agent, for example filler, blending thing, reinforcing agent, for example glass fibre, wetting agent or the like.

Also can be added to flavouring agent and fragrance denaturant in the tobacco material.

Implement that the best heat conducting element that uses is typically metal tube (as aluminium), metal tape or metal forming among the present invention, thickness is from less than about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.2 millimeter or bigger.Can change Heat Conduction Material (for example Union Carbide make other metal or Grafoil) thickness, shape and (or) type, to reach the heat transfer degree of in fact any requirement.In general, heat conducting element should recessedly get enough to advance, and with the obstruction free fuel ignition, but will provide conduction heat transfer in morning, middle smoking phase, and is then enough near by the combustion fire end again.

As shown in embodiment, heat transfer element preferably contacts or is overlapped on the rear portion of fuel and the part of smog generation body at least, and make element recessed or with the fuel end at a distance of certain distance, about at least at interval 3 millimeters or, be preferably about 5 millimeters or greater than 5 millimeters greater than 3 millimeters.The extension of heat conducting element preferably is not more than the only about half of of fuel length.Heat conducting element is more preferably about 5 millimeters of the rear portion that overlap joint or the contact of other kind of mode are not more than fuel.The preferred concave elements of this class can not hinder the igniting or the burning of fuel.Preferred recessed heat conducting element also helps owing to played the fin effect fuel to be extinguished when the contact point of close heat carrier is arrived in fuel combustion, even fuel does not protrude after being consumed yet.

Heat conducting element preferably also constitutes a thermal conductive container, and interior dress is given birth to the cigarette material.Perhaps, can provide a thermal conductive container that separates, especially use particulate substrates or semi liquid state to give birth among the embodiment of cigarette material.Thermal conductive container is given birth to the cigarette material container except being used as, and also improves the heat of giving birth on cigarette material and the preferred circular tobacco sleeve pipe and distributes, and help to prevent that living cigarette material from moving to other member of goods.Container also by change give birth to the cigarette thing be sent to cigarette holder process passage number, size and (or) position controls pressure drop for goods provide a kind of device.In addition, have among the embodiment of tobacco sleeve pipe around the circumference of smog generation body, container can be provided with circumferential channel or groove, with control with make the volatile matter tobacco of flowing through.Use container also because the number that has reduced essential element and (or) making step makes the making simplification of goods.

Spendable in the embodiment of this invention thermal insulation element is preferably made a spring-backed quill by one or more layers heat-insulating material.It is favourable that the thickness of this sleeve pipe is 0.5 millimeter, betterly is at least 1 millimeter, and better is about 1.5 millimeters to about 2 millimeters.Sleeve pipe preferably extends to half greater than fuel length.Be to extend to all or part of of the whole excircle of fuel and smog generation body better.As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 8, can use different materials to make two member thermal insulation of goods.

Available thermal insulation element generally includes inorganic or organic fiber among the present invention, for example make by following these materials, glass, corundum, silica, glassy material, mineral wool, carbon, silicon, boron, organic polymer, cellulose or the like also comprise these mixtures of material.Can also use non-fibrous insulant, for example siliceous reinforcing agent, perlite, glass or the like form pad, band or other shapes.Preferred thermal insulation element is flexible, helps to simulate the impression of common cigarette.Preferred heat-insulating material in use should fusion, and its softening temperature should be lower than about 650-700 ℃.Preferred heat-insulating material is in use gone back otherwise combustion.Yet, can use deflagration carbon and similar material.These materials are mainly as insulation casing, the formed very big part heat of fuel combustion is all kept and guide smog generation body into.Because the meeting heating of the nearly burnt fuel of insulation casing place, so also can pass heat to smog generation body with it.

Recently preferred fuel heat-insulating material comprises ceramic fibre, for example glass fibre.Two kinds of suitable glass fibres can be buied commodity Manninglas 1000 by name and Manninglas 1200 from the Manning Paper company of New York Troy.Preferred glass fiber material has low softening point, for example is lower than about 650 ℃, adopts ASTM C338-73 determination of test method.Preferred glass fibre comprises the test material that the Owens-Corning factory of Toledo.Ohio produces, and name is called 6432 and 6437, and its softening point is approximately 640 ℃, fusion in use.

The inorfil that can buy on several markets is all used such as the PVA bonding agent and is made, and it can keep the fastness of structure in processing procedure.The bonding agent that has pungent fragrance when heating should be removed, and for example before using, is heated to about 650 ℃ in air, keeps reaching about 15 minutes.If any requiring, can be with about 3%(weight) pectin be added in the fiber, be that sleeve pipe increases mechanical strength, and not have the fragrance that is pungent.

Perhaps, can replace heat-insulating material fully or partly with the tobacco of loose filling or closed packing.With tobacco as the substitute partly or completely of insulation casing except doing thermal insulation, also play being added in the mainstream smoke and producing the tobacco side fragrant effect that leaves a good name to tobacco flavor.Surround among the embodiment of smog generation body at preferred tobacco cover, this sleeve pipe is used as a kind of non-ignitibility heat guard, also tobacco flavor is offered in the mainstream smoke.In the embodiment of fuel, tobacco preferably only is depleted to the degree of fuel consumption, that is is depleted to the contact point between fuel and the smog generation body tobacco.As described in Fig. 9 embodiment, this can by tobacco is compressed in fuel around and (or) adopt a kind of method of heat loss through conduction sheet to reach.Can also with help to extinguish the material processed cigarette package paper of the tobacco of the position of its overlap joint smog generation body and (or) tobacco.

When thermal insulation element comprises except tobacco fibrous material, between thermal insulation element and goods mouth end, can use a barrier.A kind of such barrier comprises a fine and close cellulose acetate tow ring with fiber insulation body adjacency, at every end all with the glue sealing, the flow through air of this bundle of sealing.

In most embodiment of the present invention, the assembly of fuel/smog generation body will add cigarette holder, for example foil paper shown in the figure or acetate fiber/plastic tube, and cigarette holder also can separately provide, for example, with the form of cigarette holder.This cigarette holder of goods provides passage, makes volatility give birth to the cigarette material and enters in smoker's the mouth.Because it has certain length, is preferably about 35-50 millimeter or longer, so also can make mouth and the finger of hot flame awl away from the smoker, before cigarette arrived the smoker, chien shih high temperature smog generated and cooling when long enough was arranged.

Suitable cigarette holder should be chemically inert to giving birth to the cigarette material, and internal layer should be able to waterproof or liquid, and the condensation of smog or filter loss should be minimum, and should be able to stand the temperature with other element intersection of goods.Preferred cigarette holder comprises employed acetate fiber pipe among above-mentioned many embodiment, and it helps to simulate goods mouth end parts as flexible external component, makes the impression with common cigarette.Other suitable cigarette holders are a lot, obviously concerning the people in present technique neck city, all know.

The cigarette holder of using in the goods of the present invention can comprise a kind of optional " filter tip ", and it provides the profile of similar common filter cigarette for these goods.This filter tip comprises poor efficiency cellulose acetate filter and hollow or the plastics filter tip that stops arranged, for example with polypropylene system.This filter tip does not hinder the transmission of smog.

Whole length or its any part of these goods can be done external packing with cigarette paper.Preferred paper should not fire when fuel combustion on the fuel end.In addition, paper should have and can control performance of smouldering and the ash that should produce the grey resemble cigarette.

In the embodiment that uses insulation casing, wherein paper is away from the fuel place burning that puts sleeve pipe, and conducting heat reaches maximum, because it is unrestricted to flow to the air of fuel.Yet, can design paper to such an extent that keep all complete or part is complete in the heat following time that is exposed to combustion fuel.This paper limit air flows to the fuel that is burning, thus after temperature when helping to control fuel combustion and the control to the heat transfer of smog generation body.

For burn rate and the temperature that reduces fuel, and keep low CO/CO ₂Ratio can use to be processed into aphlogistic mica paper that porose atresia or zero hole paper have been worn the hole above for example, as the external packing layer.This paper control heat transmits, especially middle smoking phase (that is blowing cigarette 4-the 6th time).

In order to reduce radially (i.e. outside) that oozes out through goods thus air transmits smog reaches maximum, can use atresia paper from smog generation body to the mouth end.

In order to produce different functional effects, can use the combination paper of the paper known in the cigarette paper field and these paper.Preferred paper bag used in the goods of the present invention is drawn together Pisgah Forest, Ecusta 01788 that the Ecusta of North Carolina makes and KC-63-5, P878-5, P878-16-2 and the 780-63-5 paper of 646 plug of tobacco wrapping papers and Kimeberly-Clark.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention can transmit at least 0.6 milligram smog, and this is during with smoking under FTC smoking condition, and measured total wet shot-like particle (WTP-M:wet total particulate matter) is as the criterion in 3 smoking.[the FTC condition of being fuming is made up of smoking in 2 seconds (the 35 milliliters of cumulative volumes) institute of smouldering in 58 seconds spaced intermediate] better implement example of the present invention can transmit 1.5 milligrams or more smog in 3 smoking.Best embodiment of the present invention can transmit 3 milligrams or more smog in 3 smoking under the FTC smoking condition.In addition, preferred embodiment of the present invention can under the FTC smoking condition in about at least 6 smokings, be preferably in about at least 10 smokings and on average transmit at least under FTC smoking condition about 0.8 milligram total wet shot-like particle at every turn.

Claims (18)

1, a kind of cigarette type smoking article, it comprises a fuel element on the firing tip of said smoking article, the one smog generation body that comprises living cigarette material and after fuel element, vertically be provided with, also can comprise one makes heat pass to the heat conducting element of smog generation body from fuel element, it is characterized in that said smog generation body places between the mouth end of fuel element and goods, annular contains the tobacco material around at least a portion smog generation body.

2, smoking article according to claim 1 is characterized in that annular contains the tobacco material and is made up of tobacco basically.

3, smoking article according to claim 1 is characterized in that annular contains the tobacco material and comprises adiabatic material.

4, smoking article according to claim 1 is characterized in that annular contains the tobacco material around a part of fuel element.

5,, it is characterized in that at least a portion annular contains the mixture that the tobacco material comprises tobacco and glass fibre according to claim 3 or 4 described smoking articles.

6, smoking article according to claim 4 is characterized in that containing the tobacco material around the part annular of smog generation body is made up of tobacco basically, and contains the mixture that the tobacco material comprises tobacco and heat-insulating fiber around the part annular of fuel element.

7, smoking article according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising in the heat conducting element smog generation body, and annular contains the tobacco material around at least a portion heat conducting element.

8, smoking article according to claim 5 is characterized in that heat conducting element comprises smog generation body, and annular contains the tobacco material around at least a portion heat conducting element.

9, smoking article according to claim 1 is characterized in that fuel element is a carbonaceous, and comprises one or one or more vertical passage along whole length extension.

10, smoking article according to claim 7 is characterized in that fuel element is a carbonaceous, and comprises one or one or more vertical passage along whole length extension.

11, smoking article according to claim 9, it is characterized in that fuel element has many vertical passages, said many passages are arranged so closely, so that they are merged into single channel at the firing tip of fuel element at least in the fuel element combustion process.

12, smoking article according to claim 10, it is characterized in that fuel element has many vertical passages, said many passages are arranged so closely, so that they are merged into single channel at the firing tip of fuel element at least in the fuel element combustion process.

13,, it is characterized in that before burning, having at least 5 vertical passages to pass through fuel element according to claim 11 or 12 described smoking articles.

14, smoking article according to claim 1, the length of fuel element is 3 to 30 millimeters before it is characterized in that burning.

15, smoking article according to claim 5, the length of fuel element is 3 to 30 millimeters before it is characterized in that burning.

16, smoking article according to claim 7, the length of fuel element is 3 to 30 millimeters before it is characterized in that burning.

17, smoking article according to claim 9, the length of fuel element is 3 to 30 millimeters before it is characterized in that burning.

18, smoking article according to claim 13, the length of fuel element is 3 to 30 millimeters before it is characterized in that burning.

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