CN101758463B - Self-lubricating grinding tool and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-lubricating grinding tool and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101758463B CN101758463B CN2010101134306A CN201010113430A CN101758463B CN 101758463 B CN101758463 B CN 101758463B CN 2010101134306 A CN2010101134306 A CN 2010101134306A CN 201010113430 A CN201010113430 A CN 201010113430A CN 101758463 B CN101758463 B CN 101758463B
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- grinding tool
- grinding
- self
- extreme pressure
- lubricant
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Images
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- Lubricants (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-lubricating grinding tool comprising a grinding material, a binding agent and a cyclodextrin inclusion compound including a lubricant and also discloses a preparation method of the self-lubricating grinding tool. In a technical scheme, a microencapsulation which is made of resin materials and wraps the lubricant in the prior art is replaced with the cyclodextrin inclusion compound including lubricant molecules, can not only meet the curing requirements of the binding agent for concreting the grinding tool because a cyclodextrin inclusion compound monomer has a nano-grade particle diameter, and agglomerated particles of the cyclodextrin inclusion compound can exist in a submicron grade way by being crushed in an ultramicro way and also resist the curing temperature of the resin binding agent, but also ensures the sustained and effective release of the lubricant in a machining area during grinding because the particle diameter of the cyclodextrin inclusion compound can be adapted to the abrasion loss of the self-lubricating grinding tool, thereby enhancing the grinding ratio of the grinding tool and obtaining machining parts with high surface quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for bonded abrasive tools such as the grinding tool of grinding, particularly emery wheel, oilstone, abrasive disk, bistrique, especially relate to a kind of self-lubricating grinding tool and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
During grinding, because the high-speed cutting of abrasive particle is wiped with sliding, can produce high temperature, cause the burn of surface of the work, and cause the heavy wear of emery wheel, result that the precision of workpiece to be machined and surface integrity are worsened in grinding area.Therefore, need grinding fluid be injected into grinding area to reduce grinding temperature usually during grinding.That grinding fluid has is lubricated, cooling, infiltration, cleaning and effect such as antirust; Wherein lubricity is the principal element that influences the grinding fluid performance; Good lubricating can alleviate the friction between abrasive particle, workpiece, the smear metal; Prevent that fretting wear of abrasive grain cutting sword and cutting from adhering to, thereby reduce grinding force, grinding heat, the life-span of grinding tool is prolonged.
The lubricity of abrasive material processing realizes through the lubricant that is added in the grinding fluid.Lubricant comprises oiliness improver and extreme pressure agent.In grinding process, the friction great majority between grinding tool and the workpiece contact-making surface belong to the border---the extreme boundary lubrication state.When boundary lubrication (low temperature, low pressure), in grinding fluid, add the film strength that oiliness improver increases contact-making surface usually, improve lubricating condition.But oiliness improver formed adsorbed film bearing temperature on the metal surface is not high, and its desorption temperature such as aliphatic acid are near fusing point or fusing point, even formed fatty acid soaps, near the fusing point of himself yet.General oiliness improver will desorb before 200 ℃ and ineffective.Because grinding temperature reaches as high as 1000 ℃,, load to increase when grinding temperature raises; When contact-making surface is in the extreme boundary lubrication state, just need in grinding fluid, add extreme pressure agent, i.e. organic compounds such as sulphur, chlorine, phosphorus; Or organo-metallic compound such as lead, zinc, antimony, molybdenum, boron; These compounds at high temperature continue and the metal surface chemically reactive, generate corresponding Solid-state Chemistry film, keep lubrication.
Usually, lubricant directly is added in the grinding fluid, and the prerequisite that grinding will obtain the true lubrication effect is the contact zone that grinding fluid can infiltrate grinding tool and workpiece, makes oiliness improver, extreme pressure agent performance self useful effect.Wheel grinding adds man-hour; The airflow barrier that emery wheel rotates formation at a high speed hinders grinding fluid entering grinding arc area; The researcher adopts high-pressure injection method, auxiliary air-flow method and the radial jet shock peening heat exchange method etc. of blocking of air plate washer; Manage to increase the supply of grinding area grinding fluid, improve lubricated and cooling effect.Honing and superlinishing cutting speed are lower than wheel grinding speed, though the reticulate pattern that finished surface generates helps grinding fluid to get into machining area, the contact area of oilstone and workpiece is bigger, and it is still relatively more difficult to generate lubricating oil film and extreme pressure film.
In use also there is the other defective in the way that directly adds oiliness improver and extreme pressure agent in the existing grinding fluid: there are shortcomings such as freezing point is high, smell is strong in the vegetable and animals oils as oiliness improver in the grinding fluid; When extreme pressure agent in the grinding fluid and metal surface effect form sulphur chlorine phosphorus compound film; The active element of extreme pressure agent (chlorine, sulphur, phosphorus etc.) is polluted metal process operation condition; And harmful: the sulfurized mineral oil that contains active sulfur can produce corrosion to copper and copper alloy, workpiece and lathe, and oil product is prone to separate out sulphur when storing and stinks; Thereby the easy hydrolysis of chlorine compound generates free HCl and causes the corrosion of metal surface; Extreme pressure agent also can influence the performance of antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor effect in the cutting fluid.
Be difficult to effectively enter into the problem of grinding tool and workpiece contact zone to the lubricant work in-process in the grinding fluid, can kollags such as molybdenum bisuphide be joined in the tissue of emery wheel as filler, but kollag gets greasy property not as good as fluid lubricant.There is the scholar to adopt the method for emery wheel infiltration lubricant to make grinding tool have certain self lubricity.Tokyo Univ Japan, bearing research institute of the former Soviet Union, Nanjing College of Aeronautical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Harbin Institute of Technology etc. carried out the research of emery wheel impregnation technology; It makes mechanism: the impregnant that will have lubrication is heated to molten state; Then emery wheel is immersed in the impregnant, owing in the emery wheel pore about 30% is arranged, the capillarity of utilizing absorption and surface tension of liquid to produce; Impregnant can be drawn into the emery wheel hole, is solidificated in pore inside after the cooling.Impregnant is made up of the additive that oiliness improver, extreme pressure agent, bonding agent etc. improve greasy property, at room temperature is solid-state or semi-molten state, and (approximately greater than 70 ℃) are in a liquid state under higher temperature, also adds solid lubricant particles such as molybdenum bisuphide in the impregnant.The infiltration emery wheel exists impregnant easy blocking grinding tool pore, impregnant to melt and by shortcomings such as emery wheel throw away, machinability and lubricant slow release are relatively poor, and being used for required precision mostly is not the manual dry type polishing of the titanium alloy etc materials of very strictness.
Another kind of grinding tool self-lubricating technology is the lubricant that directly infiltrates, and then is with penetrating in the pore of oilstone after the solid sulfur fusing, to improve the cutting ability of oilstone like the sulfurizing technology of oilstone post processing.But the fusing point of sulphur penetrates into the solid-state sulphur fusing easily under the effect of grinding temperature in the oilstone less than 120 ℃, flows out from the oilstone pore in advance, influences the follow-up lubricity of oilstone equally.
Therefore, existing emery wheel impregnation technology can't with liquid lubricant effectively " preservation " in grinding tool, can't guarantee that their work the time is not dished out by centrifugal action.If directly as kollag process one to them as inserts and grinding tool, liquid oiliness improver and extreme pressure agent can't be resisted resinoid bonded grinding tool the highest about 190 ℃ hardening temperature.
Perfluor poly alkyl ether (PFPE) is a kind of special lubricant efficiently, and friction chemical reaction takes place when contacting with toughness materials such as aluminium, copper, generates fluoride at surface of the work, helps the mirror finish of these materials.[ENOMOTO TOSHIYUKI, SHIMAZAKI YUTAKA, TANIYASUHIRO such as Japan scholar T.ENOMOTO; At el, Mechanical-Chemical Finishing Using a Lapping StoneIncluding Microcapsules, Transactiohs of the Japan Society of MechanicalEngineers; 1999, VOL.65, NO.632:1698-1703] show researchs in 1999; When PFPE oil is used as lapping liquid; Because the lubricity of PFPE oil is good, lap tool and workpiece skid easily, can't effectively cut.For this reason, they process the microcapsules about particle diameter 3 μ m with three polyamide (melamine) resin material parcel PFPE oil, and with abradant lap tools of making such as these microcapsules and abrasive particle, resinoid bonds.During attrition process, constantly there are the microcapsules that are embedded in the lap tool surface to contact, discharge PFPE oil with workpiece.Part, the point-like of PFPE oil discharge, and have avoided the skidding of lap tool and workpiece, and attrition process is smooth, and the material removing rate that grinds aluminium flake is improved.
The achievement in research of similar T.ENOMOTO; The mountain pass application in high 2005 of Japan Co., Ltd. of enlightening Cisco also discloses " electric sedimentation grinding wheel and manufacturing approach thereof " (JP2005-030344; China application 200610004514.X); Comprise abrasive particle and the microencapsulation of enclosing lubricant in the electric sedimentation grinding wheel of this patent simultaneously, the particle diameter of microencapsulation is at 5～20 μ m, and cyst material is urea resin or melamine resin etc.Microencapsulation was damaged when emery wheel used, and the lubricant in the capsule is supplied to grind cuts the position, has improved lubricity.The Zhang Mingqiu of Zhongshan University etc. then applied in 2008 and disclose " a kind of self-lubricating type epoxide resin material and preparation method thereof " (CN200810198273.6); Through lubricating oil capsule, epoxy resin and curing agent are mixed; Make and have self-lubricating type epoxide resin material; Improved the properties of antifriction and wear resistance of epoxide resin material, the diameter of the lubricating oil microcapsules that this patent is used is 50～150 μ m, and cyst material is a melamino-formaldehyde.
Thereby the research of above-mentioned T.ENOMOTO etc. and patented technology provide a kind of makes grinding tool have the new method of self-lubricating through the microcapsules that include liquid lubricant are added in the grinding tool tissue.Above-mentioned self-lubricating grinding tool through wiping with drawing each other of workpiece, makes the microcapsules breakage and discharges lubricant in use, attempts to play the effect of lubricant slowly-releasing.But the microcapsule diameter that adds in the grinding tool formula will adapt with the wear extent of grinding tool, otherwise can produce the uneven problem of grinding tool release lubricant.Compare with the lap tool that attrition process is used, bonded abrasive tools such as emery wheel, oilstone are strict more to the requirement that lubricant continues evenly release, and technical difficulty is also just bigger.As far as accurate grinding, the revolution wear extent of emery wheel is very little.The continuous trim amount of creep feed grinding process medium plain emery wheel is 35nmr
-1[Li Baimin, Zhao Bo, modern grinding technique, Beijing, China Machine Press, 2003:243]; During microstoning, the wear extent of workpiece revolution oilstone is about 0.4 μ m [Lv Yafang, Liu Shouxiang, the orthogonal test of the ultra lappingout of bearing ring, bearing, 2002, the second phase: 21-22].By on can know because existing correlative study and patent all adopted several～microcapsules of tens of micron grain sizes; Particle diameter is much larger than the revolution wear extent of grinding tool, so such grinding tool is when use; Microcapsules are in case gall; The lubricant that comprises is thrown out of by the centrifugal action of high speed rotating grinding tool, and follow-up grinding just might can not get enough lubricants, and the self-lubricating property of grinding tool is relatively poor.Though the particle diameter that can reduce microcapsules is to improve the sustained release performance of grinding tool, the microcapsules preparation technology of tens nanometer particle diameter is also prematurity at present, and with high costs, poor practicability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem; One of the object of the invention provides a kind of bonded abrasive tool with self-lubricating effect; Adopt bond, abrasive particle and inclusion to have the cyclodextrin inclusion compound of lubricant to process; Passing through lubricant during grinding---oiliness improver and extreme pressure agent continue and effectively release at machining area, improve the grinding ratio of grinding tool, obtain the processing parts of great surface quality.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned self-lubricating grinding tool.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme below the present invention has adopted:
A kind of self-lubricating grinding tool comprises that abrasive material, bond and inclusion have the cyclodextrin inclusion compound of lubricant.
Cyclodextrin (Cyclodextrin is called for short CD) is the general name of amylose a series of cyclic oligosaccharides of generation under the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase effect that is produced by bacillus, contains 6～12 D-glucopyranose units usually.Its Molecular Geometries is the cylinder shape of up-narrow and down-wide hollow; Hydrophobic in the chamber, hydrophilic outside the chamber, therefore; Cyclodextrin can with multiple guest molecule; Like organic molecule (ion), inorganic matter (ion), transient metal complex, metallo-organic compound even inert gas and macromolecule, be assembled into the host-guest super molecule inclusion compound through intermolecular weak interaction, be also referred to as " molecular microcapsule " or " ultra micro capsule ".The present technique scheme is employed in the interior embedded lubrication molecule of cavity of cyclodextrin molecular; Inclusion compound monomer particle diameter is a Nano grade; The inclusion compound agglomerated particle can reach below the sub-micron through the ultramicro grinding particle diameter; So can adapt with the wear extent of grinding tool, like this self-lubricating grinding tool evenly release lubricant guarantee lubricant effect.
As preferably, above-mentioned cyclodextrin inclusion compound is a Benexate Hydrochloride.
The cavity big opening end internal diameter 0.6～0.65nm of beta-schardinger dextrin-, housing depth 0.78 ± 0.01nm, excircle diameter 1.54 ± 0.04nm, the about 0.226nm of cavity volume
3Most of beta-schardinger dextrin-s and object can form 1: 1 stable unimolecule structure of mol ratio.Beta-schardinger dextrin-is converted to by starch or straight chain dextrin, and is natural, nontoxic.Beta-schardinger dextrin-is widely used in food and pharmaceutical field, and price is also very cheap.Benexate Hydrochloride can be used method preparations such as saturated water solution method, polishing, freeze-drying, spray drying process, solid phase inclusion method, and technology is simple relatively.Beta-schardinger dextrin-and inclusion compound thereof also can be resisted the high temperature that is not less than 200 ℃, satisfy the requirement of hardening of resin temperature.
The Benexate Hydrochloride that methods such as employing saturated aqueous solution obtain is reunited together under nature, exists with micron-sized crystal form.Benexate Hydrochloride monomer in the agglomerated particle is mainly reunited together through hydrogen bond.Can obtain the agglomerated particle of particle diameter below 300nm through the further refinement of method of ultramicro grinding.The volume of single Benexate Hydrochloride is about 1.4nm
3, (volume is about 1.4 * 10 to particle diameter 300nm agglomerated particle so
7Nm
3) can comprise several ten thousand Benexate Hydrochloride monomers approximately in theory.
Self-lubricating bonded abrasive tool by abrasive particle, bond and Benexate Hydrochloride agglomerated particle are formed along with the wearing and tearing of emery wheel, constantly has the Benexate Hydrochloride agglomerated particle that is cemented in the bond to expose wheel face.Lubricant molecule is assembled in the Benexate Hydrochloride monomer cavity through intermolecular force, and through hydrogen bond action, like this, lubricant is not subject to centrifugal action with equal beta-schardinger dextrin-monomer and throws away between each the beta-schardinger dextrin-monomer in the agglomerated particle.The Benexate Hydrochloride that exposes wheel face partly receives the effect or the broken or fusing of frictional force and grinding heat, is partly dissolved, and discharges object in grinding arc area---lubricant.Therefore, the sustained release performance of this self-lubricating bonded abrasive tool is better than the self-lubricating grinding tool that prior art proposes.Simultaneously, the mode that said cyclodextrin molecular inclusion compound is formed tens nanometers to micron-sized agglomerated particle with a plurality of monomers evenly is present in the bonded abrasive tool, can guarantee that like this lubricant can carry out effectively lubricating in the grinding area of grinding tool and workpiece.
Said components is by weight: 100 parts in abrasive material, 5～50 parts of bonds, inclusion have 5～50 parts of the cyclodextrin molecular inclusion compounds of lubricant.
Above-mentioned abrasive material can be that corundum such as brown corundum, white fused alumina, single alundum, microcrystal fused alumina, pink fused alumina, fused alumina zirconia and black corundum are conventional abrasive material; Also can be carbonization system conventional abrasive materials such as black silicon carbide, cubic silicon carbide, cerium silicon carbide and boron carbide; Can also be super hard abrasives such as diamond or cubic boron nitride, can also be by above-mentioned multiple the composition.
Above-mentioned abrasive material for improving the cementitiousness with bond, can carry out additional treatments, and the additional treatments method can be enumerated calcining, particle shaping, surfaces coated and attaches, surface corrosion, coupling agent treatment etc.
Above-mentioned abrasive material, its granule size is confirmed according to processing request.Wherein the wear particle size of conventional abrasive material system is preferably F40 to F220, more preferably F100 to F220; The micro mist granularity of conventional abrasive material system is preferably F230 to F1200 (F40 refers to 40 sieve apertures that have on the lin length, and abrasive particle can fall through sieve aperture).Wherein the wear particle size of super hard abrasive system is preferably 16/18 to 325/400, more preferably 80/100 to 325/400 (16/18 refers to nominal screen size scope 1180～1000 μ m, and promptly the size of abrasive particle is at this below numerical value); The micro mist granularity of super hard abrasive system is preferably M36/54 to M0/0.5 (M36/54 refers to nominal dimension 36～54 μ m).(annotate: conventional abrasive material granularity regulation is seen GB/T2481-1998; The wear particle size regulation of super hard abrasive is seen GB/T6406-1996, and micro mist granularity regulation is seen GB/T7990-1998)
Above-mentioned inclusion compound object---lubricant comprises oiliness improver and extreme pressure agent.
Above-mentioned oiliness improver can be vegetable and animals oils such as soya-bean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, lard, and aliphatic acid such as oleic acid, palmitic acid can be fatty acid esters, also can be higher alcohols such as oleic alcohol, octadecanol, can also be by above-mentioned multiple the composition.For guaranteeing lubricated and inclusion effect, preferred cottonseed oil, oleic acid glycol ester (T403), 124 Triazole fatty amine salt (T406).
Above-mentioned extreme pressure agent can be that sulphur is that extreme pressure agent has Cosan, sulfuration vegetable and animals oils, sulfuration oleic acid, olefine sulfide, polysulfides etc.; For guaranteeing lubricated and inclusion effect, preferred sulfide isobutene (T321), benzyl disulfide thing (T322), amino monothioester (T323).Above-mentioned extreme pressure agent also can be that chlorine is that extreme pressure agent has chlorinated paraffin wax, chlorination fatty acid ester etc.; For guaranteeing lubricated and inclusion effect, preferred chlorinated paraffin wax (T301).Above-mentioned extreme pressure agent can also be that phosphorus is that extreme pressure agent has organophosphorus ester, thiophosphate etc.; For guaranteeing lubricated and inclusion effect, preferably phosphoric acid front three phenolic ester (T306), zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), di-n-butyl phosphite (T304).
Above-mentioned oiliness improver and extreme pressure agent can also promptly be mixed with the cyclodextrin molecular inclusion compound of the different lubricant objects of multiple inclusion respectively by above-mentioned multiple the composition in grinding tool.
The Benexate Hydrochloride that adopts saturated water solution method to obtain mainly exists with micron-sized crystal, further ultramicro grinding.Size should be taken into account that the wearing and tearing that are accompanied by grinding tool constantly have agglomerated particle to expose grinding tool surface and discharge lubricant, the preferred 10nm～1000nm of agglomerated particle particle diameter, more preferably 50nm～500nm, preferred especially 100nm～300nm.
The composition component of above-mentioned Benexate Hydrochloride from the angle of abundant release lubricant and assurance grinding tool intensity, is calculated preferred 5～50 parts of Benexate Hydrochloride, more preferably 8～25 parts, preferred especially 10～20 parts with 100 parts of weight of abrasive material.
Above-mentioned bond can be thermosetting or materials such as thermoplastic resin, light-cured resin.
Above-mentioned thermosetting or thermoplastic resin; Can be phenolic resins, epoxy resin, novel phenolic resin, polysulfone resin, Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal, polyamide, polyimides; Can also be to be main with phenolic resins; Mixing the blend of a certain amount of other resins, can be resin materials such as phenolic aldehyde-epoxy, phenolic aldehyde-Xin phenol, phenolic aldehyde-polyamide, phenolic aldehyde-polysulfones-butyral, phenolic aldehyde-polyimides; Above-mentioned light-cured resin can be photocuring phenolic resins, photo-curing epoxy resin etc.
The composition component of above-mentioned bond from grinding tool intensity and hardness angle, is calculated preferred 5～50 parts of bond, more preferably 10～40 parts, preferred especially 15～30 parts with 100 parts of weight of abrasive material.
Self-lubricating grinding tool of the present invention for improving performances such as its intensity, hardness, hear resistance, can also add an amount of auxiliary material, and that can enumerate has filler, wetting agent, a plasticizer etc.Above-mentioned filler; The silica flour that is useful on raising grinding tool intensity that can enumerate, glass fibre, nylon yarn etc.; Be used to improve copper powder, silver powder, graphite powder of grinding tool electric conductivity etc.; Be used to improve stable on heating silica flour, graphite powder, clay powder etc., be used to improve calcium oxide, magnesia, semi-hydrated gypsum powder of hardness etc.Above-mentioned wetting agent, that can enumerate has liquid phenolic resin, furfural, a furfuryl alcohol etc.Above-mentioned plasticizer, that can enumerate has dibutyl phthalate, low molecular polyamide, a polyester etc.
Self-lubricating grinding tool of the present invention can cooperate oiliness grinding fluid or water-based grinding fluid to use.Above-mentioned water-based grinding fluid dissolves in the grinding fluid for avoiding the beta-schardinger dextrin-in the grinding tool, can the water-based grinding fluid be mixed with the saturated solution of beta-schardinger dextrin-.Preferred 1～the 5g of addition of beta-schardinger dextrin-in every 100g water-based grinding fluid, preferred especially 2～3g.
A kind of preparation is the method for self-lubricating grinding tool as stated, comprises the steps:
(1) Benexate Hydrochloride of preparation inclusion oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent: beta-schardinger dextrin-and water are mixed, be heated to 50～80 ℃, process the beta-schardinger dextrin-saturated solution; The ethanolic solution that under constantly stirring, dropwise adds oiliness agent or extreme pressure agent; The control mixeding liquid temperature is reduced to room temperature with per hour 10 ℃～20 ℃ speed, continues to stir 2～4 hours; Mixed liquor is placed-5 ℃～5 ℃ left and right sides environment refrigerate 12～36 hours, leach sediment,, obtain the Benexate Hydrochloride of inclusion oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent through washing, drying; The Benexate Hydrochloride that exists with block crystal form that obtains is crushed to the agglomerated particle that particle diameter is 200～400nm;
(2) with 100 parts of abrasive materials with after wetting agent evenly mixes, add 5～50 parts and adopt the inclusion oiliness improver of steps (1) preparation or the Benexate Hydrochloride of extreme pressure agent, evenly mix; Add 5～50 parts of bonds again, evenly mix, obtain making the batch mixing of grinding tool; Batch mixing makes the described self-lubricating grinding tool of claim 1 after moulding, drying, sclerosis; Wherein, the umber of said components is all calculated by weight.
The present invention is owing to adopted above technical scheme; There is the cyclodextrin inclusion compound of lubricant molecule to replace the microencapsulation of the resin material of parcel lubricant in the prior art with inclusion; Because the particle diameter of cyclodextrin inclusion compound monomer is a Nano grade; The inclusion compound agglomerated particle through ultramicro grinding can submicron order form exist, hardening temperature that can also the resistance resin bond is so not only can satisfy the bond sclerosis requirement of bonded abrasive tool; And the cyclodextrin inclusion compound particle diameter can adapt with the wear extent of self-lubricating grinding tool; Lubricant continues and effectively release at machining area when guaranteeing grinding, improves the grinding ratio of grinding tool, obtains the processing parts of great surface quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the partial structurtes enlarged diagram of self-lubricating grinding tool of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of cyclodextrin inclusion compound agglomerated particle of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map of cyclodextrin inclusion compound monomer of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Do a detailed explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of self-lubricating grinding tool as shown in Figure 1 is made up of bond 1, abrasive material 2, cyclodextrin inclusion compound agglomerated particle 3 and pore 4 four parts.Bond 1 is used for abrasive particle, lubricant micro-capsule fixed; Abrasive particle 2 plays shear action to workpiece in grinding; As shown in Figure 2; Agglomerated particle 3 is made up of a plurality of cyclodextrin inclusion compound monomers 5; Yardstick is between 100～300nm, and agglomerated particle and each cyclodextrin inclusion compound monomer can discharge lubricant lubrication is provided under friction and extruding force effect in the grinding from cyclodextrin inclusion compound; Pore 4 can hold the lubricant that gets into grinding area, abrasive dust to improve grinding condition; As shown in Figure 3, cyclodextrin inclusion compound monomer 5 has inner chamber 6, and inner chamber 6 is nonpolar chamber, and lubricant molecule is embedded in this space.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method for preparing embodiment 1 said self-lubricating grinding tool comprises the steps: (umber of following component is all calculated by weight)
(1) Benexate Hydrochloride of preparation inclusion oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent: with 5～20 parts of beta-schardinger dextrin-s and 100 parts of mixing of water, be heated to 50～80 ℃, process the beta-schardinger dextrin-saturated solution; 20～50 parts of ethanolic solutions that under constantly stirring, dropwise add 1～3 part of oiliness agent or extreme pressure agent; The control mixeding liquid temperature is reduced to room temperature with per hour 10 ℃～20 ℃ speed, continues to stir 2～4 hours; The inclusion system is placed 0 ℃ of left and right sides environment refrigeration 24 hours, leach sediment,, obtain the inclusion compound of oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent and beta-schardinger dextrin-through washing, drying; Adopt the jet mill grinding machine, the Benexate Hydrochloride that exists with block crystal form that obtains is crushed in particle diameter 1～2 μ m, classification time stage machine speed setting is 2000～2500rpm; Benexate Hydrochloride after preliminary the pulverizing is further pulverized with planetary ball mill, and ball mill revolution speed setting is 200～300rpm, rotation rotating speed 400～600rpm, ball milling time 6～10h; Obtaining particle diameter at last is the Benexate Hydrochloride agglomerated particle of 200～400nm.
(2) preparation grinding tool: 3～10 parts are evenly mixed with 100 parts of abrasive materials as the wetting agent liquid resin, add the Benexate Hydrochloride agglomerated particle of 5～15 parts of various lubricants, mixing gets compound 1; 5～20 parts of powdered resins are evenly mixed with 0～15 part of other auxiliary material, get compound 2; Compound 1,2 is mixed, obtain making the batch mixing of grinding tool; Batch mixing makes embodiment 1 described grinding tool after moulding, drying, sclerosis.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment self-lubricating grinding tool adopts following method preparation:
1) with beta-schardinger dextrin-(β-CD) is the preparation of the lubricant micro-capsule (inclusion compound) of wall material:
Choosing representational natural macromolecular material beta-schardinger dextrin-is micro-capsule wall material, and oiliness improver oleic acid glycol ester (T403) and extreme pressure agent sulfide isobutene (T321), chlorinated paraffin wax (T301), di-n-butyl phosphite (T304) are the micro-capsule core, preparation lubricant micro-capsule.
With 10 parts of beta-schardinger dextrin-s and 100 parts of mixing of water, be heated to 60～65 ℃, process the beta-schardinger dextrin-saturated solution; 20 parts of ethanolic solutions that under constantly stirring, dropwise add 1 part of oiliness agent or extreme pressure agent; The control mixeding liquid temperature is reduced to room temperature with 15 ℃ speed per hour, continues to stir 2 hours; The inclusion system is placed 0 ℃ of left and right sides environment refrigeration 24 hours, leach sediment,, obtain the inclusion compound of oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent and beta-schardinger dextrin-through washing, drying.The above-mentioned micro-capsule that obtains (inclusion compound) exists with block crystal form.Adopt TC-10 fluid bed supersonic airstream crushing and classification machine that crystal is crushed in the particle diameter 1.5 μ m, classification time stage machine speed setting is 2500rpm; Micro-capsule after preliminary the pulverizing is further pulverized with the PM-2L planetary ball mill; Ball mill revolution speed setting is 300rpm; Rotation rotating speed 600rpm, micro-capsule crystal (agglomerated particle) average grain diameter is measured with Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzers behind the ball milling 8h.Various lubricant micro-capsules (inclusion compound) the parameter following table that makes.
| Agglomerated particle | 【1】 | 【2】 | ?【3】 | 【4】 |
| The wall material | Beta-schardinger dextrin- | Beta-schardinger dextrin- | Beta-schardinger dextrin- | Beta-schardinger dextrin- |
| Core | Oleic acid glycol ester (T403) | Sulfide isobutene (T321) | Chlorinated paraffin wax (T301) | Tricresyl phosphate (T306) |
| Average grain diameter (μ m) | 0.28 | 0.26 | ?0.28 | 0.30 |
2) preparation of grinding tool:
Self-lubricating grinding tool prepares the main technique flow process and abides by as follows: will evenly mix with abrasive material as the wetting agent liquid resin, and add lubricant micro-capsule mixing, and get compound 1; Powdered resin evenly mixes with other auxiliary material, gets compound 2; Compound 1,2 is mixed, obtain making the batch mixing of grinding tool; Batch mixing makes the grinding tool that needs after moulding, drying, sclerosis.Other technological parameters such as kind, component and hardening temperature of the abrasive material that the present embodiment grinding tool adopts, micro-capsule, bond see the following form, and various components are in parts by weight in the table.
For the ease of comparing ground effect, we have also prepared with melamine resin (MF) is the lubricant microcapsules and corresponding grinding tool of wall material:
1) be 37% formalin and water by 1: 3: 6 mixed with melamine, mass concentration; Add in the there-necked flask, be heated to 70 ℃ under the electromagnetic agitation, react to melamine and dissolve fully; Regulate about its pH value to 8～9 with alkaline conditioner; Stirring reaction 10min again, system becomes the water white transparency shape, obtains the melamino-formaldehyde performed polymer aqueous solution; With oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent and contain the aqueous solution of emulsifying agent, utilize homogeneous emulsifying machine emulsification 30～40min, process O/W type stable emulsion; The melamino-formaldehyde performed polymer aqueous solution that the first step is obtained joins in the emulsion that the preparation of second step obtains; Regulate pH value to 5 with 30% aqueous acetic acid; Keeping 70 ℃ of temperature; Mixing speed is stirring reaction 2h under the 2000rpm, the emulsion that obtains containing the parcel oiliness improver or push the microcapsules of agent; Emulsion is obtained pulverous lubricant microcapsules after filtration, drying; Utilize Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzers to measure the average grain diameter of capsule.The various lubricant microcapsules parameters that make see the following form.
| Lubricant microcapsules | 【5】 | 【6】 | 【7】 | 【8】 |
| The wall material | Melamino-formaldehyde | Melamino-formaldehyde | Melamino-formaldehyde | Melamino-formaldehyde |
| Core | Oleic acid glycol ester (T403) | Sulfide isobutene (T321) | Chlorinated paraffin wax (T301) | Di-n-butyl phosphite (T304) |
| Average grain diameter (μ m) | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.6 |
2) other technological parameters such as kind, component and hardening temperature of the abrasive material that makes grinding tool and adopted, micro-capsule, bond see the following form (various components also comprise the grinding tool that does not add lubricant in parts by weight in the table).
We review the grinding performance of above-mentioned 7 pairs of hardened steel of emery wheel 1～emery wheel as follows:
Grinding is carried out on the MM7120A surface grinding machine with horizontal spindle and rectangular table, and emery wheel 1～emery wheel 7 original dimension are Φ 230mm * 25mm * Φ 75mm; The grinding work piece material is 40CrMn, and the back case hardness of quenching is HRC48～50, and sectional dimension is 100mm (length) * 80mm (wide), and workpiece surface roughness has been machined to Ra0.4 before the grinding.In the grinding quenching steel, 10 workpiece of every kind of emery wheel continuous grinding.For the purpose of the unification, whenever process a workpiece, emery wheel is revised with diamond truer.Grinding process parameters such as following table are listed:
| Grinding process parameters | Numerical values recited |
| Speed of grinding wheel (m/s) | 20～35 |
| The speed of table (m/s) | 0.3 |
| Bistrique pick feed amount (mm) | 0.2 |
| Vertical feed amount (mm) during grinding | 0.005 |
| Vertical feed number of times during grinding | 5 |
| The tarry matter number of |
3 |
| Bistrique translational speed (mm/s) during finishing | 0.3 |
| Vertical feed amount (mm) during finishing | 0.005 |
| Vertical feed number of times during finishing | 3 |
| Light is repaiied number of |
1 |
| Grinding fluid | The general emulsion of HR-7003, concentration are 3%; The beta-schardinger dextrin-that adds 2wt% in the emulsion. |
Workpiece surface roughness Ra and grinding ratio are estimated the grinding performance of emery wheel after the employing grinding.Surface roughness Ra utilizes the S2 type surfagauge of Marl, Germany company to detect, and gets the mean value of 10 workpiece; Grinding ratio obtains through the volume of the workpiece material of calculating removal and the ratio of emery wheel waste.The emery wheel waste deducts the volume reduction of crushing by processing the volume reduction of emery wheel behind 10 workpiece, and the volume of the workpiece material of removal is that 10 volumes after the workpiece processing reduce total amounts.The grinding performance parameter such as the following table of emery wheel 1～emery wheel 7 is listed during the grinding quenching steel:
| Emery wheel | Ra(μm) | Grinding |
| Emery wheel | ||
| 1 | 0.041 | 26.4 |
| |
0.047 | 25.7 |
| |
0.044 | 26.0 |
| |
0.086 | 21.3 |
| |
0.089 | 20.5 |
| |
0.087 | 19.6 |
| Emery wheel 7 | 0.12 | 17.8 |
Can know that by last table the present invention program's self-lubricating grinding tool (emery wheel 1～3) has lower surface roughness value and higher grinding ratio with respect to the grinding tool (emery wheel 7) that does not add lubricant microcapsules in the tissue; The present invention program's self-lubricating grinding tool (emery wheel 1～3) has lower surface roughness value and higher grinding ratio with respect to the grinding tool (emery wheel 4～6) that with the melamine resin is the lubricant microcapsules of wall material.
Claims (7)
1. a self-lubricating grinding tool is characterized in that, comprises that abrasive material, bond and inclusion have the cyclodextrin inclusion compound of lubricant, and component is by weight: 100 parts in abrasive material, 5～50 parts of bonds, inclusion have 5～50 parts of the cyclodextrin molecular inclusion compounds of lubricant; Said cyclodextrin inclusion compound is a Benexate Hydrochloride, and said cyclodextrin inclusion compound becomes the mode of agglomerated particle to exist with a plurality of set of monomers, and this agglomerated particle particle diameter is 200nm～400nm.
2. a kind of self-lubricating grinding tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said bond is a resinoid bond.
3. a kind of self-lubricating grinding tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said abrasive material is that one or more of conventional abrasive material, carbonization system conventional abrasive material, super hard abrasive are formed by corundum.
4. a kind of self-lubricating grinding tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said cyclodextrin inclusion compound is made up of one or more of the cyclodextrin inclusion compound of the cyclodextrin inclusion compound of inclusion oiliness improver, inclusion extreme pressure agent.
5. a kind of self-lubricating grinding tool according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said oiliness improver is made up of one or more of vegetable and animals oils and higher alcohol.
6. a kind of self-lubricating grinding tool according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said extreme pressure agent is that extreme pressure agent, chlorine are that extreme pressure agent, phosphorus are that one or more of extreme pressure agent and organo-metallic compound extreme pressure agent are formed by sulphur.
7. a method for preparing the said self-lubricating grinding tool of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) Benexate Hydrochloride of preparation inclusion oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent: beta-schardinger dextrin-and water are mixed, be heated to 50～80 ℃, process the beta-schardinger dextrin-saturated solution; The ethanolic solution that under constantly stirring, dropwise adds oiliness agent or extreme pressure agent; The control mixeding liquid temperature is reduced to room temperature with per hour 10 ℃～20 ℃ speed, continues to stir 2～4 hours; Mixed liquor is placed-5 ℃～5 ℃ environment refrigerate 12～36 hours, leach sediment,, obtain the Benexate Hydrochloride of inclusion oiliness improver or extreme pressure agent through washing, drying; The Benexate Hydrochloride that exists with block crystal form that obtains is crushed to the agglomerated particle that particle diameter is 200～400nm;
(2) with 100 parts of abrasive materials with after wetting agent evenly mixes, add 5～50 parts and adopt the inclusion oiliness improver of steps (1) preparation or the Benexate Hydrochloride of extreme pressure agent, evenly mix; Add 5～50 parts of bonds again, evenly mix, obtain making the batch mixing of grinding tool; Batch mixing makes the described self-lubricating grinding tool of claim 1 after moulding, drying, sclerosis; Wherein, the umber of said components is all calculated by weight.
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9987728B2 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2018-06-05 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles including an abrasive performance enhancing composition |
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| CN103567892B (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-08-17 | 阳泉市中嘉磨料磨具有限公司 | Rustless steel special superthin section emery wheel and preparation method |
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| CN110257149B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-11-02 | 重庆市莱恩润滑油有限公司 | Environment-friendly lubricating oil |
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| CN101758463A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
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