CN101752664A - Annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed - Google Patents

Annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed Download PDF

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CN101752664A
CN101752664A CN201010019427A CN201010019427A CN101752664A CN 101752664 A CN101752664 A CN 101752664A CN 201010019427 A CN201010019427 A CN 201010019427A CN 201010019427 A CN201010019427 A CN 201010019427A CN 101752664 A CN101752664 A CN 101752664A
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CN101752664B (en
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胡斌杰
张洪林
王晓欣
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

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Abstract

The invention discloses an annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed, which comprises an upper layer microstrip antenna structure, an upper medium substrate, a middle layer medium substrate, a metal floor layer, a lower layer medium substrate and a bottom layer Wilkinson power divider; the upper layer microstrip antenna structure includes an annular antenna and two metal circular sheets which are small circular sheets respectively taking two points as circle centers, and are respectively positioned at the area of two arcs and inner circle; the bottom layer Wilkinson power divider is composed of a high impedance wire, a first low impedance wire, a second low impedance wire and a SMD resistor; the feature impedance of the high impedance wire is times of the feature impedance z0 of the first low impedance wire and the second low impedance wire; the upper layer medium substrate, the middle layer medium substrate and the lower layer medium substrate are all ceramic medium. The antenna feed mechanism adopts two circular metal sheets to generate two quadrature current sources with the same amplitude and also can extend the axial ratio bandwidth of the annular metal antenna to increase the adjusting degree of freedom of the antenna.

Description

Annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of satellite navigation and positioning antenna, it may be simultaneously operated in B1 frequency range (1561.098MHz), the B1-2 frequency range (1589.742MHz) of the Chinese Big Dipper two generations system, the compatible reception antenna of a plurality of navigation system of the L1 frequency range (1602.56-1615.50MHz) of the L1 of GPS of USA system frequency range (1575.42MHz) and European GLONASS.
Background technology
The satellite navigation industry is the national strategy high-tech industry, be typical technology-intensive type and service type IT industry, its development prospect is very wide, one of international eight big wireless industry have been become, be after cellular mobile communication and the Internet, the information industry that global evolution is the fastest has become another new growth point of the 3rd IT economy.With american global positioning system GPS is that the satellite and the positioning GPS application industry of representative progressively becomes a global new high-tech industry.The satellite navigation industry of China is just entering the crucial moment of industrialization high speed development, and expectation will form the set of the global navigational satellite system of GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and Beidou satellite navigation system fusion in five to ten years from now on.
Development along with each navigation system, multisystem and deposit, multimode merges paces and will further accelerate, the single gps system epoch are changing many constellations into and are depositing and the compatible Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) epoch, at foreseeable future, the satellite navigation system that covers the territory, various countries will comprise GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and Beidou satellite navigation system four big systems.The quality of each system is: the GPS development time is long, is widely used, but considers for national security, and GPS of USA is never promised to undertake the continuity to civilian service; The antijamming capability of GLONASS is strong, but the system running state shakiness, and coded system is special simultaneously; GALILEO is accurate relatively, but technology maturity is later relatively.Beidou satellite navigation system is satellite navigation and the navigation system that has independent intellectual property right and two-way communications capabilities from the cover that Chinese strategic level is developed.Therefore, exploitation is the application technology of compatible above-mentioned satellite navigation system simultaneously, realizes that multimode merges, and is the inexorable trend of satellite navigation industry development.
But there are the technological difficulties of following several respects in the antenna that designs many navigation system compatibility at present:
1, the broadband technology of axial ratio/impedance
In mobile satellite communication, emission system on satellite circularly polarised wave broadcast singal, so that the vehicles in the motion and the mobile satellite communication device end of user's adapted with the irrelevant any direction of satellite on can receive the signal of satellite, emission system on the satellite covers a very big scope, need not aim at certain concrete terminal.In order to satisfy this demand, the antenna that is used for mobile satellite communication equipment must have good circular polarization performance in the broad beam very much.
Traditional helical antenna is usually used in the satellite navigation system, is used to produce circularly polarised wave and propagates, because the height that this antenna need extend upward from the surface of grounding plate is λ 0/ 4～λ 0/ 2 (λ wherein 0Be the antenna operation wavelength) one section spiral, so its pattern is not good, has also increased the resistance on the aerodynamics.The microstrip antenna of low section can remedy above-mentioned deficiency, but traditional little band circular polarized antenna of single feed point remains in following shortcoming: (1) does not have enough beamwidths, and can't guarantee provides enough wide coverage for mobile satellite communication; (2) when having enough beamwidths, impedance bandwidth is not enough.Thereby though the radiation beam width of microstrip antenna by adopting high-k dielectric material or adopt little band fluting technology that the size of antenna is dwindled to produce wide radiation beam, this method makes the impedance bandwidth minimizing, can not satisfy the demands.
2, miniaturization technology
Miniaturization technology is a great problem in the multisystem navigation compatible type Antenna Design.No matter from the electrical property aspect, still from the mechanical dimension aspect, miniaturization technology all is indispensable.From the electrical property aspect, satellite navigation system requires the radiation beam of antenna enough wide, and generally, the antenna that size is little can produce wide radiation beam.From the mechanical dimension aspect, when a plurality of antenna elements were combined, the size of entire antenna will certainly increase, and not only can increase aerodynamic resistance, also can be increased to the difficulty of the assembling aspect of antenna, the mechanical strength of antenna is had higher requirement.
3, antenna gain enhancement techniques
Satellite navigation and location systems such as the Big Dipper, GPS and GLONASS require antenna not only to have very wide beam area, also require antenna to have higher gain.Common gain requires: at the elevation angle in 20 °～90 ° the scope, gain is greater than 0dBic, and in the elevation angle was 5 °～20 ° scope, gain was greater than-3dBic.In order to reach this requirement, at first to improve the impedance matching of port, guarantee that radiofrequency signal can each antenna element of feed-in, reduce the signal energy that reflects back.On the basis that guarantees the port matched well, also to improve the radiation efficiency of antenna, the signal of feed antenna can be launched fully, reduce the energy loss in the antenna element, comprise dielectric loss, metal loss etc.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of can compatible a plurality of satellite navigations and the reception antenna of navigation system, and realize performances such as good impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, gain and small size.
The present invention utilizes the annular circular polarization ceramic antenna of quadrature coupling feed, realized the circular polarized antenna performance, the impedance bandwidth of its antenna, axial ratio bandwidth and gain bandwidth have all contained four frequency ranges of three GPS (Global Position System) such as Big Dipper B1, GPS L1, Big Dipper B1-2 and GLONASS L1, has miniaturization in addition, compact conformation is convenient to the characteristics of processing and using.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed comprises upper strata microstrip antenna structure, upper layer medium substrate, middle level medium substrate, metal floor layer, layer dielectric substrate and bottom Wilkinson power splitter; Upper layer medium substrate and middle level medium substrate stack the medium composite base plate that forms the endless metal radiant body, and upper strata microstrip antenna structure and metal floor layer are respectively attached to this medium composite base plate upper and lower surface; Metal level floor lower surface is connected with medium substrate, and bottom Wilkinson power splitter is attached to the layer dielectric base lower surface;
Described upper strata microstrip antenna structure comprises loop aerial, on loop aerial 1 internal circle circle, be provided with two sections outwards outstanding circular arcs, two sections circular arcs are the center of circle with 2 of distance loop aerial internal circle circle same distance respectively, and 2 angles with the line in the center of circle of loop aerial are 90 °; Two metal disks are to be the sequin in the center of circle with 2 respectively, the laying respectively in two circular arcs and the interior round zone of two metal disks;
Described bottom Wilkinson power splitter layer is made up of high resistant line, first low-impedance line, second low-impedance line and Chip-R; High resistant line and Chip-R connect into loop configuration, one end of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line is connected at layer dielectric base lower surface subpoint with two metal disks respectively, and the other end of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line is connected with Chip-R with the high resistant line respectively; The characteristic impedance of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line is z 0The characteristic impedance of high resistant line is the characteristic impedance z of first low-impedance line or second low-impedance line 0
Figure G2010100194278D00041
Doubly, the resistance value of Chip-R is z 02 times;
Upper layer medium substrate, middle level medium substrate, layer dielectric substrate and metal floor layer are positioned at two metal disk lower ends and are provided with two circular boreholes, are respectively applied for two feed coaxial lines are set; Two feed coaxial lines link together two metal disks and first low-impedance line, second low-impedance line respectively;
Upper layer medium substrate, middle level medium substrate and layer dielectric substrate are ceramic dielectric.
For further realizing purpose of the present invention, the dielectric constant height of the permittivity ratio middle level medium substrate of described upper layer medium substrate.
Described metal disk is copper sheet or silver strip, to the upper strata microstrip antenna feed that is coupled.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and technique effect:
(1) described antenna adopts double-fed coupling feed and three layers of medium, expands axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth.Among the embodiment axial ratio less than 1.65 situation under, frequency range is 1.55～1.685GHz, bandwidth reaches 135MHz, gain is 1.545～1.615GHz greater than the situation lower frequency scope of 2.5dB, gain bandwidth reaches 70MHz; And return loss in 1.55～1.7GHz frequency range less than-15dB, make impedance bandwidth greater than 250MHz.
(2) antenna is by the circle metal plate quadrature coupling feed, avoided the big problem of high impedance difficulty of matching brought by ceramic dielectric high-k and loop aerial, increased the degree of freedom of regulating, and is convenient to the debugging of production link.
(3) antenna adopts power splitter and antenna duplexer floor, effectively reduces the thickness of antenna, makes more compact structure, is convenient to processing.
(4) antenna adopts ceramic dielectric and loop aerial structure, has reduced antenna volume effectively, has expanded beamwidth.
(5) antenna adopts quadrature coupling feed technology and low-loss three layers of ceramic material to improve the matching performance and the radiation efficiency of antenna, makes antenna of the present invention have good antenna gain.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the annular circular polarization ceramic antenna structural representation based on quadrature coupling feed of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a is the schematic diagram of microstrip antenna structure layer;
Fig. 2 b is the schematic diagram of bottom Wikinson power splitter;
Fig. 3 a is a return loss schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 b is an axial ratio schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 c is a gain schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing enforcement of the present invention is elaborated, but the protection range that the present invention requires is not limited to following execution mode.
Shown in Fig. 1,2a, 2b, annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed, adopt the form of microstrip circuit to realize, comprise upper strata microstrip antenna structure, upper layer medium substrate 13, middle level medium substrate 14, metal floor layer 8, layer dielectric substrate 15 and bottom Wilkinson power splitter.Upper layer medium substrate 13 and middle level medium substrate 14 stack the medium composite base plate that forms the endless metal radiant body, and upper strata microstrip antenna structure and metal floor layer 8 are respectively attached to this medium composite base plate upper and lower surface; Metal level floor 8 lower surfaces are connected with medium substrate 15, and bottom Wilkinson power splitter is attached to layer dielectric substrate 15 lower surfaces.
The upper strata microstrip antenna structure comprises loop aerial 1, and the internal diameter of annular is R In, external diameter is R Out, the mean radius (R of annulus In+ R OutThe dielectric constant of)/2 and upper layer medium substrate 13 and middle level medium substrate determines the resonance frequency of antenna together, and concrete formula is R in + R out 2 = 300 2 p f c e rc ; F in the formula cBe operating frequency, to being operated in the Chinese Big Dipper two generations B1 frequency range, B1-2 frequency range, the desirable f of a plurality of navigation system of the L1 frequency range (1602.56-1615.50MHz) of the L1 of GPS of USA system frequency range (1575.42MHz) and European GLONASS simultaneously c=1.575GHz;
Figure G2010100194278D00062
Be the equivalent relative dielectric constant after multilayer dielectricity stacks, h iBe the thickness of upper layer medium substrate 13, middle level medium substrate 14, layer dielectric substrate 15, e RiBe the relative dielectric constant of each layer medium, n is the number of antenna used medium layer, this routine n=3.Be provided with on loop aerial 1 internal circle circle outwards outstanding 2,3, two sections circular arcs 2,3 of two sections circular arcs respectively with loop aerial 1 internal circle circle on 2 A, B be the center of circle, 2 A, B are 90 ° with the angle of the line in the center of circle of loop aerial 1 respectively; Two metal disks the 4, the 5th, the sequin that is the center of circle with 2 A, B respectively, the laying respectively in two circular arcs 2,3 and the interior round zone of two metal disks 4,5.
Bottom Wilkinson power splitter layer is made up of high resistant line 11, the first low-impedance line 11x, the second low-impedance line 11y and Chip-R 12.High resistant line 11 and Chip-R 12 connect into loop configuration, the end of the first low-impedance line 11x and the second low-impedance line 11y is connected at layer dielectric substrate 15 lower surface subpoints with two metal disks 4,5 respectively, and the other end of the first low-impedance line 11x and the second low-impedance line 11y is connected with Chip-R 12 with high resistant line 11 respectively.Specifically be that high resistant line 11 two ends are connected with the other end of the first low-impedance line 11x and the second low-impedance line 11y respectively, the two ends of Chip-R 12 are welded on respectively on the tie point of the first low-impedance line 11x and the second low-impedance line 11y and high resistant line 11.The characteristic impedance of high resistant line 11 is the characteristic impedance z of the first low-impedance line 11x and the second low-impedance line 11y 0
Figure G2010100194278D00071
Doubly, the resistance value of Chip-R 12 is characteristic impedance z 02 times; So just can make the input and the output of Wilkinson power splitter insert and Low ESR microstrip line characteristic impedance z 0Mate fully during the load that equates.
Upper layer medium substrate 13, middle level medium substrate 14, layer dielectric substrate 15 and metal floor layer 8 are positioned at two metal disks, 4,5 lower ends and are provided with two circular boreholes 9,10, be respectively applied for two feed coaxial lines 6,7 are set; Two feed coaxial lines 6,7 link together two metal disks 4,5 and the first low-impedance line 11x and the second low-impedance line 11y respectively; The axis concentric of two circular boreholes 9,10 and two feed coaxial lines 6,7.
The requirement of amplitude equal phase quadrature between two distributing points should be satisfied in the position of two feed coaxial lines 6,7, promptly when signal amplitude between the first low-impedance line 11x of bottom Wilkinson power splitter and the second low-impedance line 11y during identical and quadrature in phase, the angle that line between the center of two feed coaxial lines 6,7 and the center of loop aerial 1 constitutes is 90 degree, the big more then input impedance of distance between two feed coaxial lines 6,7 and the circular arc 2,3 is more little, can obtain by genetic algorithm optimized Algorithm such as (GeneticAlgorithm) according to the feed port impedance of antenna.The diameter of metal disk 4,5, the radius size of circular arc 2,3 influences the impedance matching of antenna jointly: the input impedance of the big more then antenna of distance between two circular arcs 2,3 and the metal disk is big more; But the diameter of metal disk 4,5 and the relation of input impedance do not satisfy linear relationship, need to adopt genetic algorithm optimized Algorithm such as (Genetic Algorithm) to be optimized in conjunction with the radius size of circular arc 2,3 in the process of design.Owing to adopted the coupling feeding classification, eliminated the high input impedance problem that loop aerial is operated in the TM11 pattern and adopts high dielectric constant material to bring, the input impedance of antenna is easier to and the feed port impedance matching.Two distributing points respectively be wired to 90 ° in the loop aerial center of circle, and equate with the distance in the center of circle, can encourage the pattern that produces two mutual quadratures, satisfied one of them condition of right-handed circular polarization.In order to guarantee that this antenna produces right-handed circular polarization, the Wilkinson power splitter is connected to the microstrip line 11x of coaxial line 6, and (l is the effective wavelength in the layer dielectric substrate 15, can pass through formula than the long l/4 of microstrip line 11y that is connected to coaxial line 7 l = c / ( f e eff ) Calculate, wherein c is a light speed in a vacuum, and f is an operating frequency, e EffBe effective dielectric constant, it is by micro belt line width, dielectric thickness and the decision of medium relative dielectric constant, and its computing formula is e eff = e r + 1 2 + e r - 1 2 ( 1 + 12 h / w ) - 1 / 2 . H is a dielectric thickness, and w is a micro belt line width), leading 90 ° in the phase place in the assurance coaxial line 6 than phase place in the coaxial line 7.The use of Wilkinson power splitter has improved the circular polarization performance of antenna, has expanded the axial ratio bandwidth of antenna.
Upper strata microstrip antenna structure and the shared metal floor layer 8 of bottom Wilkinson power splitter layer reduce antenna volume effectively, make structure compact more.
Upper layer medium substrate 13, middle level medium substrate 14 and layer dielectric substrate 15 are ceramic dielectric, and wherein, it is high that the dielectric constant of the permittivity ratio middle level medium substrate 14 of upper layer medium substrate 13 is wanted.Upper layer medium substrate 13 has the characteristics of high-k, can effectively reduce antenna volume.The permittivity ratio upper layer medium substrate 13 of middle level medium substrate 14 low effectively reduced to have expanded impedance bandwidth owing to have the influence of the high impedance that the upper layer medium substrate 13 of high-k characteristic brings, and guaranteed the coupling of antenna.The dielectric constant of middle level medium substrate 14 can reduce overall dielectric constant less than upper layer medium substrate 13, expands the beamwidth of antenna.
The result who obtains after the enforcement as shown in Figure 3.From Fig. 3 a, can see, at Big Dipper B1, B1-2, GPS L1 is in 1.55～1.615GHz frequency range at GLONASS L1 place, return loss S11＜-15dB, can see that from Fig. 3 b axial ratio AR＜1.65dB in above-mentioned frequency band can see in 1.55～1.615GHz frequency band from Fig. 3 c, gain G ain＞2.5dB, the maximum of gain is 4.1dB at 1.575GHz.Impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and the gain bandwidth of this explanation antenna have covered Big Dipper B1/B1-2, and frequency ranges such as GPSL1 and GLONASS L1 make antenna have good performance in above-mentioned frequency range.

Claims (3)

1. the annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed is characterized in that comprising upper strata microstrip antenna structure, upper layer medium substrate, middle level medium substrate, metal floor layer, layer dielectric substrate and bottom Wilkinson power splitter; Upper layer medium substrate and middle level medium substrate stack the medium composite base plate that forms the endless metal radiant body, and upper strata microstrip antenna structure and metal floor layer are respectively attached to this medium composite base plate upper and lower surface; Metal level floor lower surface is connected with medium substrate, and bottom Wilkinson power splitter is attached to the layer dielectric base lower surface;
Described upper strata microstrip antenna structure is a loop aerial, on loop aerial internal circle circle, be provided with two sections outwards outstanding circular arcs, two sections circular arcs are the center of circle with 2 of distance loop aerial internal circle circle same distance respectively, and 2 angles with the line in the center of circle of loop aerial are 90 °; Two metal disks are to be the sequin in the center of circle with 2 respectively, and two metal disks lay respectively in two circular arcs and the interior round zone;
Described bottom Wilkinson power splitter layer is made up of high resistant line, first low-impedance line, second low-impedance line and Chip-R; High resistant line and Chip-R connect into loop configuration, one end of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line is connected at layer dielectric base lower surface subpoint with two metal disks respectively, and the other end of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line is connected with Chip-R with the high resistant line respectively; The characteristic impedance of first low-impedance line and second low-impedance line is z 0The characteristic impedance of high resistant line is the characteristic impedance z of first low-impedance line or second low-impedance line 0
Figure F2010100194278C00011
Doubly, the resistance value of Chip-R is z 02 times;
Upper layer medium substrate, middle level medium substrate, layer dielectric substrate and metal floor layer are positioned at two metal disk lower ends and are provided with two circular boreholes, are respectively applied for two feed coaxial lines are set; Two feed coaxial lines link together two metal disks and first low-impedance line, second low-impedance line respectively;
Upper layer medium substrate, middle level medium substrate and layer dielectric substrate are ceramic dielectric.
2. the annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the dielectric constant height of the permittivity ratio middle level medium substrate of described upper layer medium substrate.
3. the annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described metal disk is copper sheet or silver strip.
CN2010100194278A 2010-01-15 2010-01-15 Annular circular polarization ceramic antenna based on quadrature coupling feed Expired - Fee Related CN101752664B (en)

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CN107196052A (en) * 2017-04-13 2017-09-22 成都电科星天科技有限公司 The low elevation angle omnidirectional radiation circular polarized antenna of small size
CN107369897A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-11-21 五邑大学 A kind of unit line array of X-band Optically controlled microwave four
CN109524778A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-03-26 广东曼克维通信科技有限公司 Double-fed circularly polarized antenna
CN109638422A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-04-16 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 A kind of broadband circle polarized Shared aperture communication and navigation array antenna
CN109378581A (en) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-22 厦门大学 A kind of circular microstrip paster antenna radiating double frequency whirlpool wave
CN109378581B (en) * 2018-11-22 2021-03-12 厦门大学 Microstrip circular patch antenna for radiating double-frequency vortex wave
CN109616763A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-04-12 厦门大学 A kind of compact annular circular polarization microstrip antenna
US11984658B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2024-05-14 Sivers Wireless Ab Antenna device
CN113193350A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-30 人民华智通讯技术有限公司 A no silver thick liquid microstrip antenna for location

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