CN101750583A - Device and method for controlling water vapor in application of testing solid oxide fuel cell - Google Patents
Device and method for controlling water vapor in application of testing solid oxide fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101750583A CN101750583A CN200810163868A CN200810163868A CN101750583A CN 101750583 A CN101750583 A CN 101750583A CN 200810163868 A CN200810163868 A CN 200810163868A CN 200810163868 A CN200810163868 A CN 200810163868A CN 101750583 A CN101750583 A CN 101750583A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for controlling water vapor in an application of testing a solid oxide fuel cell. The device comprises a water tank, a metering pump, a first one-way valve, an evaporator, a gas flow controller, a second one-way valve, a mixer, a heater and a heating tape, wherein the water tank, the metering pump, the first one-way valve, the evaporator and the mixer are connected in sequence; the gas flow controller, the second one-way valve and the mixer are connected in sequence; the mixer and the evaporator are placed in a heating cavity of the heater; a pipeline between the outlet of the water tank and the inlet of the metering pump is provided with a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor; the mixer is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor; and a fuel gas inlet pipe is provided with a third temperature sensor. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages of leading the control and measurement for the water vapor to be more convenient and more accurate without a humidity measurement device and considering the influence of temperature and pressure to the volume of the water vapor, and are suitable for high pressure environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control device and the method for water vapour in a kind of testing solid oxide fuel cell application.
Background technology
Hydrogen Energy is desirable clean energy resource, and fuel cell is the best mode that Hydrogen Energy is changed into efficiently electric energy.But the main source of hydrogen still is hydrocarbon (a for example gas renormalizing) at present, and this process that obtains hydrogen will produce CO2 inevitably; Simultaneously, consider factors such as cost, technology and society acceptance level, hydrogen energy era also is far from arriving.This also becomes one of the popularization of restriction hydrogen fuel cell and major reason of use.Not all fuel cell all must adopt hydrogen to make fuel.Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is (600-800 ℃) work at high temperature, can adopt cheap hydrocarbon (as rock gas etc.) to make fuel.Though in its reaction product carbon dioxide is arranged, compare with traditional generation mode aspect the electric energy obtaining efficiently, at an easy rate, SOFC has huge potential competition power.Particularly flexibly on a small scale in the electricity generation system, distributed generation system for example, its efficient will be higher than gas turbine.Characteristics such as in addition, the fuel cell noise pollution is little also make it be applied in field widely.
In properties of product test, research and the application process of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, need charge into the fuel gas that contains a certain amount of water vapour to its anode.Water vapour can play the reduction internal resistance of cell therein, prevents carbon distribution and participates in effect such as reformation in the fuel.Therefore, the accurate control of water vapour is very crucial to test, research and the application process of solid oxidized fuel cell in the fuel gas.
The method that the water vapour control method adopts bubbler to combine with humidity sensor more in the existing process.These water vapour control method existing problems are as follows: at first the water vapour quantity delivered of bubbler is limited, can't satisfy under stream fuel gas the flow bigger and high gas condition demand to water vapour, secondly the system water steam content is to draw by the humidity value indirect calculation, and the gas humidity value is a physical quantity that is difficult to accurate measurement, there is bigger error, particularly under high humidity, more be not easy to accurate measurement.
And being the Chinese patent of 101255561 (application number is 200710178921.7), publication number announced a kind of high-temperature water vapour electrolytic hydrogen production process water vapour accurate control device and method, this device includes pre-heater, and volume pump, evaporator, first retaining valve, mass flowmeter, the outside surface that is interconnected by pipeline is provided with the mixed gas impact damper of outer heating jacket; Wherein, the water delivering orifice of volume pump is connected with the import of evaporator, the outlet of evaporator is connected by the air intake opening of first retaining valve with the mixed gas impact damper, and another air intake opening of mixed gas impact damper is connected with the Hydrogen Line that is provided with mass flowmeter; The gas outlet of mixed gas impact damper links to each other by single electrolytic cell in pre-heater and the body of heater or electrolytic cell heap.The method of water vapour is calculated by The Ideal-Gas Equation in the above-mentioned patent, and the computation process error is big, and accuracy is not high, this computing method can only be used under the normal pressure, and can not use under high pressure, and apparatus structure is redundant, and it is too much that well heater and heating tape are used.
Summary of the invention
First technical matters to be solved by this invention be at above-mentioned prior art provide a kind of testing solid oxide fuel cell of compact conformation use in the control device of water vapour.
Second technical matters to be solved by this invention provide a kind of computational accuracy height, can be used under the high-pressure situations, considered simultaneously temperature and pressure the testing solid oxide fuel cell of the influence of vapour content is used in the control method of water vapour.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the control device of water vapour during this testing solid oxide fuel cell is used is characterized in that: the water tank that includes a dress aqueous water; One is used for regulating the volume pump of liquid discharge; One prevents first retaining valve that aqueous water flows backwards; One is used for aqueous water is become the evaporator of water vapour; One is used to control the gas flow controller of fuel gas flow; One prevents second retaining valve that fuel gas flows backwards; One is used for the mixer of mixed water steam and fuel gas; One provides the well heater with heating cavity of heat for described evaporator and described blender; One prevents the heating tape that the water vapour condensation in the mixed gas is separated out; The outlet of wherein said water tank links to each other with the import of described volume pump by pipeline, described metering delivery side of pump links to each other with the import of described first retaining valve, the outlet of described first retaining valve links to each other with the import of described evaporator, the outlet of described evaporator links to each other with first inlet of described mixer, the import of described gas flow controller links to each other with the fuel gas draft tube, the outlet of described gas flow controller links to each other with the import of described second retaining valve, the outlet of described second retaining valve links to each other with second inlet of described blender, the outlet conduit of described mixer is provided with described heating tape, and described mixer and described evaporator are placed in the heating cavity of described well heater; On the pipeline between the outlet of described water tank and the described volume pump inlet first temperature sensor and first pressure transducer are housed, second temperature sensor and second pressure transducer are housed in the described blender, on the described fuel gas draft tube three-temperature sensor are housed.
The operating temperature range of described well heater is 150-300 ℃.
The operating temperature range of described heating tape is 150-300 ℃.
The present invention solves above-mentioned second technical scheme that technical matters adopted: the control method of water vapour during this testing solid oxide fuel cell is used is characterized in that: the water tank that includes a dress aqueous water; One is used for regulating the volume pump of liquid discharge; One prevents first retaining valve that aqueous water flows backwards; One is used for aqueous water is become the evaporator of water vapour; One is used to control the gas flow controller of the flow of fuel gas; One prevents second retaining valve that fuel gas flows backwards; One is used for the mixer of mixed water steam and fuel gas; One provides the well heater with heating cavity of heat for described evaporator and described blender; One prevents the heating tape that the water vapour condensation in the mixed gas is separated out; The outlet of wherein said water tank links to each other with the import of described volume pump by pipeline, described metering delivery side of pump links to each other with the import of described first retaining valve, the outlet of described first retaining valve links to each other with the import of described evaporator, the outlet of described evaporator links to each other with first inlet of described mixer, the import of described gas flow controller links to each other with the fuel gas draft tube, the outlet of described gas flow controller links to each other with the import of described second retaining valve, the outlet of described second retaining valve links to each other with second inlet of described blender, the outlet conduit of described mixer is provided with described heating tape, and described mixer and described evaporator are placed in the heating cavity of described well heater; On the pipeline between the outlet of described water tank and the described volume pump inlet first temperature sensor and first pressure transducer are housed, second temperature sensor and second pressure transducer are housed in the described blender, on the described fuel gas draft tube three-temperature sensor are housed; This method realizes as follows:
(1), the temperature that reads described first temperature sensor measurement is t1, the pressure that reads described first pressure transducer measurement is p1, the temperature that reads described second temperature sensor measurement is t2, the pressure that reads described second pressure transducer measurement is p2, the pressure that reads described second pressure transducer measurement is p3, and the volumetric flow rate that reads the fuel gas of described gas flow controller measurement is Q
f, establishing fuel gas is Q in volumetric flow rate
fSituation under the vapour content that needs be Y
w
(2), the water and steam criterion calculation model delivered according to water and steam character international federation (IAPWS), i.e. IAPWS-IF97 formula, the density that calculates at temperature t 1 and 1 time water of pressure p is ρ 1, is ρ 2 in the density of temperature t 2 and 2 times water of pressure p;
(3), calculate the volume flow Q of aqueous water
W:
(4), the flow regulation with volume pump is a result calculated in the above-mentioned steps (3).
The volume flow Q of aqueous water in the above-mentioned steps (3)
WDerive in the following manner:
If the fuel gas volume flow that described gas flow controller is measured is Q
f, establish that fuel gas volume flow is Q in the mixer
f', the volumetric flow rate of establishing the aqueous water that records by volume pump is Q
W, the density that is located at temperature t 1 and 1 time water of pressure p is ρ 1, is ρ 2 in the density of temperature t 2 and 2 times water of pressure p, being located at 2 times steam rates of temperature t 2 and pressure p is Q
W", being located at the interior water vapour volumetric flow rate of mixer is Q
W', the water vapour volumn concentration of gas is Y in the mixer
w,
According to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT, can get that the fuel gas flow is in the mixer:
According to the variable density of water under the different temperatures, can be in temperature t 2 and 2 times steam rates of pressure p:
Because the demonstration flow of gas flow controller is a status of criterion down-off, it is 101.325 (KPa) with pressure that temperature under the status of criterion is 0 ℃, therefore need change the flow of water vapour under temperature t 2 and pressure p 2 under the status of criterion flow by The Ideal-Gas Equation, promptly under standard state in the mixer water vapour volumetric flow rate be
Then the water vapour volumn concentration of gas is Y in the mixer
wFor:
Y
w＝Q
W′/(Q
W′+Q
f′) (4)
Since t1, t2, t3, p1, p2 is known conditions, according to the flow Q of fuel gas in the system
fAnd the required water vapour volumn concentration Y of system
w, calculate required aqueous water flow Q by formula (4)
W:
The operating temperature range of described well heater is 150-300 ℃.
The operating temperature range of described heating tape is 150-300 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: fixedly oxide fuel cell test application process water vapour control device provided by the invention adopts volume pump accurately to control the supply of aqueous water, the bubbler and the humidity measuring instrument of original system have been substituted, not only simplified system architecture, and made the control of water vapour and measure more easy, accurate; Secondly this device need not humidity measuring instrument, thus avoided that the moisture measurement process introduced than mistake; In addition, method provided by the invention has been considered the influence to the water vapour volume of temperature, pressure simultaneously, so scope on probation is more extensive, can be applied to vapour content control under the high pressure occasion, method provided by the invention can make system keep good stable, make Solid Oxide Fuel Cell work more stable, prolong its serviceable life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The control device of water vapour during a kind of testing solid oxide fuel cell shown in Figure 1 is used, include the water tank 1, first temperature sensor 2, second pressure transducer 3, volume pump 4, first retaining valve 5, evaporator 6, mixer 7, well heater 8, heating tape 9 and the gas flow controller 10 that link to each other by pipeline, second temperature sensor 11, second pressure transducer 12, three-temperature sensor 13, the second retaining valves 14.
Liquid distillate water is housed in the water tank 1, volume pump 4 is used for regulating liquid discharge, the outlet of water tank 1 links to each other with the import of volume pump by pipeline, first temperature sensor 2 and first pressure transducer 3 are arranged in the outlet and the pipeline between the volume pump inlet of water tank, are used for measuring the temperature and pressure that enters aqueous water in the volume pump 4; The metering delivery side of pump links to each other with the import of first retaining valve 5, first retaining valve 5 is used for preventing that aqueous water from flowing backwards, the import of the outlet of first retaining valve 5 and evaporator 6, evaporator 6 is used for aqueous water is become water vapour, first inlet of the outlet of evaporator 6 and mixer 7, the import of gas flow controller 10 links to each other with the fuel gas draft tube, gas flow controller 10 is used to control the gas flow of the flow of fuel gas, the import of gas flow controller 10 outlets and second retaining valve 14, second retaining valve 14 can prevent that fuel gas from flowing backwards, the outlet of second retaining valve 14 links to each other with second inlet of blender 7, blender 7 is used for water vapour and fuel gas are fully mixed, the outlet of mixer 7 is by pipeline and battery pile, perhaps the anode inlet of monocell links to each other, perhaps link to each other with the inlet of pre-reformer, be tied with heating tape 9 on the outlet conduit of mixer 7, heating tape 9 can prevent the heating tape 9 that the water vapour condensation in the mixed gas is separated out; Mixer 7 and evaporator 6 are placed in the heating cavity of well heater 8; Second temperature sensor 11 and second pressure transducer 12 are installed in the blender 7, and three-temperature sensor 13 is installed in the fuel gas draft tube.
This device control procedure is: at first determine the flow of fuel gas according to concrete ruuning situation in the system, by the flow Q of gas flow controller 10 fuel metering gas
fBy first temperature sensor 2, second pressure transducer 3, second temperature sensor 11, second pressure transducer 12, three-temperature sensor 13 records temperature and pressure parametric t 1, t2, t3, p1, the p2 of position, by temperature sensor and pressure transducer according to the up-to-date water and steam criterion calculation model of delivering of water and steam character international federation (IAPWS), it is the IAPWS-IF97 formula, the density that calculates at temperature t 1 and 1 time water of pressure p is ρ 1, density at temperature t 2 and 2 times water of pressure p is ρ 2, and establishing fuel gas is Q in volumetric flow rate
fSituation under the vapour content that needs be Y
w, therefore calculate the volume flow Q of calculating aqueous water
w 
The flow of volume pump is transferred to Q
1, wGet final product.
Lift an example helping to understand the control procedure of entire method, temperature in t3=25 ℃ of establishing gas flow controller 10, the flow that passes through of fuel gas hydrogen is Q
f=100ml/min, the inlet pressure of volume pump 4 is p1=101.325KPa, and temperature is t1=25 ℃, and the temperature in the mixer 7 is t2=150 ℃, and pressure is P2=101.325KPa, desiring the control system vapour content is Y
w=90%, according to water and steam character IAPWS-IF97 formula, calculate temperature t 1 (℃) and pressure P 1 (KPa) down the density of water be ρ 1=997.05 (kg/cm
3), temperature t 2 (℃) and pressure p 2 (KPa) down the density of water be ρ 2=0.52 (kg/cm
3), therefore need the aqueous water flow Q that regulates
W
Claims (6)
1. the control device of water vapour during a testing solid oxide fuel cell is used is characterized in that: the water tank that includes a dress aqueous water; One is used for regulating the volume pump of liquid discharge; One prevents first retaining valve that aqueous water flows backwards; One is used for aqueous water is become the evaporator of water vapour; One is used to control the gas flow controller of fuel gas flow; One prevents second retaining valve that fuel gas flows backwards; One is used for the mixer of mixed water steam and fuel gas; One provides the well heater with heating cavity of heat for described evaporator and described blender; One prevents the heating tape that the water vapour condensation in the mixed gas is separated out; The outlet of wherein said water tank links to each other with the import of described volume pump by pipeline, described metering delivery side of pump links to each other with the import of described first retaining valve, the outlet of described first retaining valve links to each other with the import of described evaporator, the outlet of described evaporator links to each other with first inlet of described mixer, the import of described gas flow controller links to each other with the fuel gas draft tube, the outlet of described gas flow controller links to each other with the import of described second retaining valve, the outlet of described second retaining valve links to each other with second inlet of described blender, the outlet conduit of described mixer is provided with described heating tape, and described mixer and described evaporator are placed in the heating cavity of described well heater; On the pipeline between the outlet of described water tank and the described volume pump inlet first temperature sensor and first pressure transducer are housed, second temperature sensor and second pressure transducer are housed in the described blender, on the described fuel gas draft tube three-temperature sensor are housed.
2. the control device of water vapour during testing solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 is used, it is characterized in that: the operating temperature range of described well heater is 150-300 ℃.
3. the control device of water vapour during testing solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1 and 2 is used, it is characterized in that: the operating temperature range of described heating tape is 150-300 ℃.
4. the control method of water vapour during a testing solid oxide fuel cell is used is characterized in that: the water tank that includes a dress aqueous water; One is used for regulating the volume pump of liquid discharge; One prevents first retaining valve that aqueous water flows backwards; One is used for aqueous water is become the evaporator of water vapour; One is used to control the gas flow controller of the flow of fuel gas; One prevents second retaining valve that fuel gas flows backwards; One is used for the mixer of mixed water steam and fuel gas; One provides the well heater with heating cavity of heat for described evaporator and described blender; One prevents the heating tape that the water vapour condensation in the mixed gas is separated out; The outlet of wherein said water tank links to each other with the import of described volume pump by pipeline, described metering delivery side of pump links to each other with the import of described first retaining valve, the outlet of described first retaining valve links to each other with the import of described evaporator, the outlet of described evaporator links to each other with first inlet of described mixer, the import of described gas flow controller links to each other with the fuel gas draft tube, the outlet of described gas flow controller links to each other with the import of described second retaining valve, the outlet of described second retaining valve links to each other with second inlet of described blender, the outlet conduit of described mixer is provided with described heating tape, and described mixer and described evaporator are placed in the heating cavity of described well heater; On the pipeline between the outlet of described water tank and the described volume pump inlet first temperature sensor and first pressure transducer are housed, second temperature sensor and second pressure transducer are housed in the described blender, on the described fuel gas draft tube three-temperature sensor are housed; This method realizes as follows:
(1), the temperature that reads described first temperature sensor measurement is t1, the pressure that reads described first pressure transducer measurement is p1, the temperature that reads described second temperature sensor measurement is t2, the pressure that reads described second pressure transducer measurement is p2, the pressure that reads described second pressure transducer measurement is p3, and the volumetric flow rate that reads the fuel gas of described gas flow controller measurement is Q
f, establishing fuel gas is Q in volumetric flow rate
fSituation under the vapour content that needs be Y
w
(2), the water and steam criterion calculation model delivered according to water and steam character international federation (IAPWS), i.e. IAPWS-IF97 formula, the density that calculates at temperature t 1 and 1 time water of pressure p is ρ 1, is ρ 2 in the density of temperature t 2 and 2 times water of pressure p;
(3), calculate the volume flow Q of aqueous water
W:
(4), the flow regulation with volume pump is a result calculated in the above-mentioned steps (3).
5. the control method of water vapour during testing solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 4 is used, it is characterized in that: the operating temperature range of described well heater is 150-300 ℃.
6. according to the control method of water vapour in claim 4 or the 5 described testing solid oxide fuel cells application, it is characterized in that: the operating temperature range of described heating tape is 150-300 ℃.
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| CN103016778A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Flow regulating valve and water-gas mixing device thereof |
| CN103028339A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Gas-water mixing device and gas-water combined supply system |
| CN105449250A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Test system for kilowatt-scale reversible solid oxide fuel cell-electrolysis cell |
| CN107026276A (en) * | 2016-01-30 | 2017-08-08 | 中兴电工机械股份有限公司 | Fuel mixing apparatus, fuel cell system, and fuel mixing and transporting method |
| CN108187773A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 天津亭华科技有限公司 | A kind of high-low-temperature cold test system |
| CN110873325A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-10 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Water supply system and method for steam generator |
| CN115463570A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-precision gas humidifying device and method |
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| US3917520A (en) * | 1974-11-20 | 1975-11-04 | United Technologies Corp | Electrolysis cell system and process for generating hydrogen and oxygen |
| DE19535212C2 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-08-14 | Dornier Gmbh | Device for electrolysis and its use |
| CN2376477Y (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2000-05-03 | 冶金工业部建筑研究总院 | Automatic water adding device for oxyhydrogen generator |
| JP4162874B2 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2008-10-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Gas leak detection method in a fuel cell |
| WO2005043661A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-12 | Greenlight Power Technologies, Inc. | Coolant flow control for a fuel cell testing station |
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| CN101255561B (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2010-06-02 | 清华大学 | Water vapour accurate control device and method for high-temperature water vapour electrolytic hydrogen production process |
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| CN103016778A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Flow regulating valve and water-gas mixing device thereof |
| CN103016778B (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-10-22 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Flow regulating valve and water-gas mixing device thereof |
| CN103028339A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Gas-water mixing device and gas-water combined supply system |
| CN103028339B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Gas-water mixing device and gas-water combined supply system |
| CN105449250A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Test system for kilowatt-scale reversible solid oxide fuel cell-electrolysis cell |
| CN105449250B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-03-06 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of multikilowatt reversible solid oxide fuel cell electrolytic cell test system |
| CN107026276A (en) * | 2016-01-30 | 2017-08-08 | 中兴电工机械股份有限公司 | Fuel mixing apparatus, fuel cell system, and fuel mixing and transporting method |
| CN108187773A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 天津亭华科技有限公司 | A kind of high-low-temperature cold test system |
| CN108187773B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2024-05-03 | 天津亭华科技有限公司 | High-temperature water cooling test system |
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| CN115463570A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-precision gas humidifying device and method |
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