CN101749988A

CN101749988A - Device for efficiently measuring tree height

Info

Publication number: CN101749988A
Application number: CN200910256405A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李建华; 邢世岩
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2009-12-17
Filing date: 2009-12-17
Publication date: 2010-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-17
Also published as: CN101749988B

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for efficiently measuring the height of a tree, in particular to a device which is suitable for use in forest operation environment. The device mainly comprises three key parts: a ruler body [1], an upper ruler foot [3] and a lower ruler foot [4], wherein the ruler body is marked with tree height readings. Two ruler feet can slide or be fixed along the ruler body. During measurement, the positions, where two ruler feet are to be fixed, can be determined first according to the length of a marker post in front of the tree, and then the marker post is collimated according to two ruler feet, and the tree height can be read from the ruler body. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy production and strong practicability. The device not only avoids the trouble of measuring a horizontal distance like using the traditional device for measuring the tree height, but also can measure the full height of the tree when the tree base is blocked, so the device for efficiently measuring the tree height has a great significance for the improvement on forest survey speed.

Description

A kind of device of the efficient measurement height of tree

Technical field

The invention belongs to the forest survey technical field, particularly a kind of high-level efficiency that is suitable for the use of forest operation environment is measured the device of the height of tree.

Background technology

At present, the most frequently used high instrument of survey is Bo Lulai (Blume-Leiss) height finder of earlier 1900s by German forester Carl Blume design in forest survey work, because the needs that it is easy to carry, stable work in work, measuring accuracy also can satisfy most of forestry investigation works are so be subjected to liking of people over nearly 100 years always.But the Bo Lulai height finder is not immaculate, and that is exactly to require before the height of every survey one strain trees, must at first measure the horizontal range (15,20,30 or 40m) of a standard length.Relief in the forest, overgrown with bushes, much less standard level is apart from being difficult for measurement, even measured the standard level distance, because blocking of crown canopy, often can't see treetop again, therefore say that the Bo Lulai height finder is inapplicable or perhaps inefficient in the big slightly montane of density.In view of the foregoing, can invent the flat distance of a kind of not water gaging, the target that can select the height finder of measuring point just to become this field forest workers always to pursue for many years arbitrarily, in order to reach this target, people have invented various height finders in succession, still, eventually because Practical Performance does not have the former Bo Lulai height finder of surpassing, so what sell in the market all is the Bo Lulai height finder basically, and the production and sales amount of other height finder types is very little or rest on the design phase basically.Xiang Guan technology also has ancient Chris village (Christen) height finder therewith, and this kind height finder and the present invention have close part, also are to adopt the geometrical principle design.But the Chris collects height finder two chi pin and fixes, and read text scale becomes close gradually with the increase of the height of tree, and when the height of tree reaches 15m when above, the Chris collects height finder and has been difficult to reading, so, superseded substantially in surveying high workload at present.The present invention proposes under above-mentioned technical background just.

Summary of the invention

The present invention will provide a kind of novel height measuring device that is applicable to forest environment, does not measure horizontal range, uses it, not only can choose measuring point wantonly, and collect height finder with the Chris and compare, and the mark post length of conjunction measuring also without limits before tree; Like this, not only made things convenient for field study, and at tree base quilt at that time, the method for moving on the also available sight line is measured.No matter which kind of usage all can disposablely directly be read the complete height of tree, need not calculate, and therefore can reach to survey high purpose rapidly and efficiently in the woods.

The present invention is achieved in that totally by blade and can forms along blade wander up and down and two chi pin that can be fixed on the blade.Wherein, blade is actually a linear scale, is carved with height of tree value on it, and the ratio of scribing can be undertaken by 1: 100 or 1: 50.

The basic operation method is as follows:

(1) as shown in Figure 2, at first at the other upright mark post AB of tested wood, mark post length can be arbitrary value in theory, but inventor's recommending data is advisable with 2-5m;

(2) survey and will play chi pin reading to put O before high, last chi pin is fixed in the position that reading value just in time equals mark post length A B, promptly allows a point reading be O, and b point reading equals AB;

(3) the hand-held chi upper end of surveying makes it sagging naturally, under the prerequisite of eye invariant position, mobile arm makes a point of surveying on the chi (following chi pin) be in that sight line OA goes up, b point (going up the chi pin) is on the sight line OB, and at this moment, sight line OC is the height A C of trees at the reading of surveying the intersection point c place on the chi.

Principle of work:

Fig. 2 is the situation when surveying high scale.Because of surveying chi and trunk, be parallel to trunk so survey chi, and then have all perpendicular to surface level:

△ Oab ∽ △ OAB, △ Oac ∽ △ OAC sets up

Can get by the similar triangles theorem:

ab∶AB＝Oa∶OA ac∶AC＝Oa∶OA

Inference gets:

ab∶AB＝ac∶AC

Because surveying chi is a linear scale, having preestablished a point reading before measuring again is O, and b point reading is AB, and promptly the ab reading value is AB, so the ac reading value is AC (height of tree) certainly during mensuration.

What be worth further specifying is, big characteristics of this height measuring device are can be used in the trees base portion not measure the height of tree under the situation of intervisibility, and its method of operating and principle of work are as follows:

Fig. 3 shows that tree base is subjected to the situation that the influence of topography can not intervisibility.At this moment, can by the auxilliary survey personnel before the tree above the basic A of tree, determine one can intervisibility auxilliary measuring point A ', survey height before, as long as the length of AA ' is informed survey person, survey person will play to move aa ' on the chi pin and adjust to a ' position by AA ' value, such as AA '=1.1m, then play the chi pin to adjust reading and will get final product to 1.1m.Next, except set basic sight line become form by O, a ', A ', the method for other aimings, reading is identical.Requiring emphasis is pointed out that, the height of tree that reads at survey chi c point also is the trees overall height in this case, and the centre does not need to calculate, and the assay method under its measuring principle and the above-mentioned tree base visibility condition in like manner can be demonstrate,proved, and repeats no more.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

(1) compare not requirement distance with the Bo Lulai height finder, measuring point is optional, thereby has improved work efficiency greatly.

(2) collecing height finder with the Chris compares:

1. biggest advantage is to have the chi pin that can move about, and moving about of this chi pin is revolutionary advancement, its feasible variable-length that cooperates mark post, thus be that open-air tool using has flexibly brought convenience.For example, can not be with mark post in the field, and use the method for raising one's hand before the tree to replace the mark post height, this method is applicable to that workload is big, and altimetry precision requires lower occasion; Also can lift the physical length of the height of mark post as mark post with hand, this method is applicable to the occasion that altimetry precision is had relatively high expectations.

2. the Chris collects the long 30cm of height finder chi, and two chi pin are promptly surveyed two ports of chi, because spacing is bigger, eyes are difficult to see simultaneously and go up chi pin and following chi pin under the hand holding state, need during reading to adjust repeatedly to survey the chi position, and efficient is lower; And two chi pin that move about of this device generally are in the middle and lower part of blade, and the visual angle the during location is less, and eyes can be seen simultaneously, survey the chi location easily, and the adjustment time is short, and work efficiency is higher.

3. Chris's height of tree scale of collecing height finder increases with the height of tree and becomes close, be difficult to reading when the height of tree reaches 15m when above, and the height of tree read text scale of this device is uniformly, and the height of tree increases and scale spacing does not change, and read-around ratio is easier to.

(3) no matter be that Bo Lulai or Chris collect height finder, all can't when be kept off, the tree base directly measure and read the height of tree, and this device can be in these cases without any need for calculating, disposable whole height of directly measuring trees, and this is a kind of substantial technical progress in the forest survey technical field.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.

Among the figure: 1 one blades, chi pin on 2 one, 3 chi pin once, 4 one gib screws, 5 one hand-hold holes, 6 one anticreep screws.

Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of the present invention under tree base visibility condition.

Fig. 3 is that the present invention is basic by the fundamental diagram under the retaining situation in tree.

Embodiment

Provide embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

As shown in Figure 1, main body of the present invention by blade [1], go up chi pin [2], down chi pin [3] totally three parts form.In addition, gib screw [4] is housed also on the chi pin, the anticreep screw [6] that is used for preventing the landing of chi pin is housed on the blade,, also be provided with convenient hand-held hand-hold hole basic structures such as [5] on the top of blade.

The restriction of no width of blade [1] and thickness, material can be made with stainless steel, aluminium sheet or rigid plastic, directly scribes height of tree reading above, and the ratio of scribing can be undertaken by 1: 100 (also can by 1: 50), that is: directly engrave 1m apart from O point 1cm place, the 2cm place directly engraves 2m, the rest may be inferred.The making of chi pin [2], [3] except that to note sliding freely and keep with blade vertical, pay special attention to its center of gravity problem, require chi pin (comprising gib screw) center of gravity on must perpendicular bisector after the installation, because the blade can keep measuring like this time is vertical at blade.Gib screw [4], anticreep screw [6] and hand-hold hole [5] all do not have specific requirement, coordinate, realize that with size function is as the criterion.

Operational example 1: under tree base visibility condition as shown in Figure 2.At first, by auxilliary survey personnel upright mark post AB (the long 3.6m of this routine mark post) before tree, then, to play chi pin reading point to place a place of 0.0m, last chi pin reading point to place the b place of 3.6m fixing by survey person, then, under the situation of eye invariant position, the hand-held chi upper end of surveying makes it sagging naturally, when adjusting to a, b at 2 just in time on sight line OA, OB the time, sight line OC meets at the c point scale of surveying chi and is the height of tree.

Operational example 2: tree base not under the situation of intervisibility as shown in Figure 3.At first, by auxilliary survey personnel upright mark post AB (the long 3.6m of this routine mark post) before tree, then A ' position is clearly indicated and highly (for example AA '=1.1m) tells survey person with AA ', then, to play the chi pin to place a ' of reading 1.1m to locate, go up chi pin reading by survey person places the b place of 3.6m fixing, next, under the situation of eye invariant position, the hand-held chi upper end of surveying makes it sagging naturally, when adjusting to a ', b at 2 just in time on sight line OA ', OB the time, sight line OC meets at the c point scale of surveying chi and is the height of tree.It is emphasized that the height of tree that obtains is an overall height here, the centre does not need any calculating.

Claims

1. an efficient device of measuring the height of tree mainly is made up of blade [1], last chi pin [2], following chi pin [3], and it is characterized in that: upper and lower chi pin all can move up and down along blade, and the reading limit of upper and lower chi pin is vertical with moving direction all the time.

2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the top of blade [1] is provided with hand-hold hole [5], in the upper and lower of blade anticreep screw [6] is housed respectively.

3. device according to claim 1 respectively is equipped with one piece of gib screw [4] on last chi pin [2], the following chi pin [3].

4. according to claim 1,3 described devices, chi pin [2], following chi pin [3] comprise that the center of gravity of the chi pin of screw should be on the perpendicular bisector of blade on it when installing gib screw [4] and being tightened on the blade.