CN101748615B - Anti-skidding padding plate, production method and application thereof - Google Patents
Anti-skidding padding plate, production method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101748615B CN101748615B CN2008102383900A CN200810238390A CN101748615B CN 101748615 B CN101748615 B CN 101748615B CN 2008102383900 A CN2008102383900 A CN 2008102383900A CN 200810238390 A CN200810238390 A CN 200810238390A CN 101748615 B CN101748615 B CN 101748615B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anti-skidding padding plate, which is characterized in that an anti-skidding padding body is formed by weaving or knitting of natural fiber or artificial fiber with good durability and tensile property, and the inner hole of the fiber is immersed with an adhesive material or the surface of the fiber is adhered with the adhesive material. The anti-skidding padding plate adopts the brand-new anti-skidding principle, and the friction coefficient can improve with the increase of the load; in addition, the anti-skidding padding plate can effectively prevent relative slippage of connected objects, has the characteristics of simple structure, large friction coefficient, convenient processing and strong durability and the like, can be widely used for places of fixing the equipment and matching a well cover and a well seat and the like; especially, after a wear-resisting and prick-resisting layer is additionally arranged on the anti-skidding padding body or simultaneously an elastic layer and the wear-resisting and prick-resisting layer are arranged, the anti-skidding padding plate can be applicable to railway bed structures and other building fields, and is especially suitable for anti-skidding processing of places of various engineering with heavy load and vibration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of backing plate, particularly a kind ofly be used to prevent that the engineering that takes place between object to slide relatively from using mechanical brakeman.
Background technology
In the equipment fixed installation, generally adopt foundation bolt that equipment is fixed, yet foundation bolt need pre-buried or boring, can destroy ground, in case equipment displacement or resettlement also need be repaired ground.If can develop a kind of new without foundation bolt just can permanent plant product, the then installation of simplified apparatus greatly.For realizing this purpose, common way is between equipment and basis, mechanical brakeman to be set.Shortcomings such as existing mechanical brakeman adopts elastomeric material to process usually, and that these material ubiquities are prone to is aging, be prone to wriggling, not durable, poor for applicability.And for example, the well lid that on highway pavement, is provided with, well lid cooperate often not tight with the well seat, when wheel runs over; Can jolt, influence vehicular traffic and pedestrian's safety, the noise that well lid collision well seat can send influences the surrounding resident life; But though adopt the well lid head it off of precision-fit, yet, can not popularize because expense is higher; To such an extent as to often take place that car is hurted sb.'s feelings, hindered to well lid, the incident that disturbs residents, also be seen in a large number in medium, in practice; The way of in well lid and well seat slit, clogging the anti-slip rubber backing plate is arranged, can separate the usefulness in a period of time, but rubber belongs to highly elastic material; Coefficient of friction is less, under the effect of rolling repeatedly of wheel, easily because of the elasticity wriggling is extruded at last, needs frequent maintain and replace.And slipmat or mouse slipmat all belong to light industry and use material in the existing family expenses bathroom; Can not bear heavy duty; Be the more abominable occasion of some condition of work especially; Under the engineering-environment if any sustained vibration, high temperature, humidity, existing backing plate will soon intensity reduce until broken invalid, and supported material even peripheral personnel are formed potential safety hazard.
In addition; Also there is the anti-skidding demand of this type of engineering in other place; For example on steel bridge, be provided with when ballast bed, prick bad steel bridge face anticorrosive coat and cause the bridge floor corrosion, need on bridge floor, lay the concrete shield of 200 millimeters thick for preventing rubble; Repave rubble then, so just increased the weight of the load of bridge.If can develop the concrete that a kind of light-end products of not only anti-skidding but also anti-bundle replaces this layer 200 millimeters thick, can guarantee ballast bedly not to be shifted, also ability is pricked, and just can reduce bridge load greatly, and saving great deal of steel and concrete are also simplified operational procedure.
In sum, the engineering that a kind of bearing capacity of market in urgent need is strong, coefficient of friction is big, obstructive is strong, durable, applicability is good is used mechanical brakeman.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defective, and the mechanical brakeman that a kind of intensity is high, anti-aging, applicability is good, bearing capacity is strong is provided.
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention is achieved in that and comprises anti-skidding pad that anti-skidding pad is made up of durability and the good fibrous material of pull resistance, and is adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber or is attached with adhesion material at fiber surface.The cotton rope that anti-skidding pad can also be processed by fibrous material processes through braiding or weaving, and is adsorbed with adhesion material between cotton rope in the hole or at cotton rope surface attachment adhesion material.
Described fibrous material comprises natural fiber and staple fibre, and wherein, natural fiber comprises sisal fiber, tossa, ramee, cotton fiber, bamboo fibre or monkey grass etc.; Staple fibre comprises glass fibre, rock wool fibers, acrylic fiber, nylon fibre, polyster fibre, nylon fiber or the metallic fiber that is difficult for getting rusty etc.; Adhesion material is viscoelastic material, plastic material or resin material, comprises pitch, modified pitch, emulsified asphalt, natural resin or synthetic resin etc., the perhaps combination between the above-mentioned material.These adhesion materials itself have higher mantle friction tackifying ability, or in adhesion material, are added with the frictional force reinforcing material, and wherein typical frictional force reinforcing material is rosin and carbon black.
For increasing the elasticity of anti-skidding pad; Can in weaving the fibrous material of anti-skidding pad, add elastic fiber material; Can certainly directly utilize elastic fiber material to make anti-skidding pad, or at the fibrous material or the cotton rope surface attachment elastomeric material that constitute anti-skidding pad.
For conveniently combining or being convenient to the top supporter spacing with adjacently situated surfaces; The surface of anti-skidding pad is provided with concaveconvex structure; Said concaveconvex structure can be groove and the fin that the slipmat surface is provided with at interval, also can be a plurality of local crownings or partial groove that the slipmat surface is provided with.
The anti-skidding pad of mechanical brakeman of the present invention can comprise one or more layers anti-skidding subpad body; Squeeze again after each anti-skidding subpad body is weaved by fibrous material or cotton rope respectively and form; And in the internal void of fiber or cotton rope, be adsorbed with adhesion material, fibrous material or cotton rope surface attachment have adhesion material.Utilize pressing or heat posted method such as to attach and the anti-skidding subpad body of multilayer is pressed fuse, or the concaveconvex structure that utilizes anti-skidding subpad surface to be provided with, the anti-skidding subpad body of multilayer assembly is integral.
For enlarging the scope of application of mechanical brakeman of the present invention, improve the wear-resisting anti-bundle performance of mechanical brakeman, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can be set in the slipmat surface; For improving the anti-vibration performance of mechanical brakeman, the elastic layer that elastomeric material constitutes can be set between slipmat surface or anti-skidding subpad body, or between anti-skidding pad and wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, elastic layer be set.Described wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can be made up of elastomeric material, also can be made up of the bigger material of rigidity.For example, the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer that rigidity is bigger can be made up of normal concrete, resin concrete or fibre reinforced concrete; Flexible wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can by flexible polyureas, elasticity polyurethane, engineering plastics, PVC material, abrasive rubber or above-mentioned material is compound constitutes.Between anti-skidding pad and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, or between anti-skidding pad and the elastic layer, or between wear-resisting anti-bundles layer and the elastic layer through build, modes such as bonding, hot melt, spraying, coating or sulfuration are closely as one.Also can be at wear-resisting anti-bundle layer or/and the elastic layer surface is provided with concaveconvex structure, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer combines through concaveconvex structure with anti-skidding pad or elastic layer.What deserves to be mentioned is, can be utilized in also that method that the wear-resisting laminar surface of anti-the bundle is embedded stone, sand grains, sheet metal or potsherd substitutes or part substitutes concaveconvex structure, so not only reduced the difficulty of processing, also help the reduction production cost of products simultaneously.For improving the bearing capacity of mechanical brakeman of the present invention, strengthen its vertical stiffness, in the elastic layer spring can also be set, like helical steel springs, dish spring, sheet spring, leaf spring etc.
For improving the wear-resisting anti-tear resistance of pricking layer; Can in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, bar-mat reinforcement, woven wire, fiber web or staple fibre be set; Wherein bar-mat reinforcement, woven wire, fiber web can be provided with one or more layers, and when big, bar-mat reinforcement also can be arranged to the cage shape like gauge.Said fiber web can be that cloth or cotton rope mesh grid constitute.
Spacing for the ease of the top supporter can also be provided with shoulder block on the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer.
The essential distinction of mechanical brakeman of the present invention and traditional mechanical brakeman is, says from anti-skidding principle, and the coefficient of friction of traditional slipmat is mainly determined by the natural frictional behavior of material; With pressure independent; Coefficient of friction like steel and cast iron and steel is 0.2, and the coefficient of friction of steel and nylon is 0.3, in the brake between steel Moving plate and friction plate coefficient of friction can reach 0.6; The coefficient of friction of tire and dried asphalt road is 0.6; Coefficient of friction between concrete and the concrete is 0.3, and rubber strip and steel are 0.35-0.4, rubber and rubber 0.4-0.5.This shows that generally between 0.15-0.5, be used for equipment does not fixedly have enough margins of safety to the coefficient of friction between the engineering material, special material such as friction plate can reach 0.6, but cost is too high, and rigidity is too big, can't be used for fixing equipment or member.In the Nature and practical applications, seldom there is coefficient of friction to surpass 0.8 engineering material.And mechanical brakeman of the present invention is positioned between equipment and the basis, and contact surface has the rough surface of natural or artificial manufacturing about it, and anti-skidding pad is formed by natural or artificial fibre braiding; Be attached with high adhesion material between fibr tissue internal capillary and fibre gap, at first anti-skidding pad appended adhesion material have very high mantle friction adhesive ability, anti-skidding in addition pad has certain plasticity and good filling property; Anti-skidding pad fully adapts to and embeds in the macroscopical coarse structure and micro-rough structure of two adjacent contact surfaces under positive pressure, forms to embed compound friction: since the anti-skidding pad plastic deformation of mechanical brakeman embed adjacent contact surfaces the both macro and micro coarse structure in; If want relative motion between the two articles, the embedded part of anti-skidding pad or slippage is deviate from from embedded structure, or be sheared disconnected; Or, have braided structure owing to constitute the fiber of anti-skidding pad in the inner generation shearing of anti-skidding pad, intricate; Have higher stretch breaking strength, fibrous inside and fiber surface are attached with adhesion material again, and inside also is difficult to relative motion; Plasticity is preferably arranged; Therefore neither be prone to break, also easy glide not, more difficult at the inner shearing slip face that produces of anti-skidding pad, therefore this embedding compound friction can produce very high coefficient of friction; And coefficient of friction can increase with the raising of pressure; Practice shows that its compound friction coefficient generally surpasses 1.0, can reach 1.2 or 1.6, some in addition reach more than 2.0; When promptly only applying the horizontal thrust of normal pressure more than 2 times, could produce relative slippage between the two articles.This mechanical brakeman is used for equipment fixes, as long as this mechanical brakeman is positioned between equipment lower margin and the mattess, owing to almost do not have 2 times of horizontal thrusts to act on equipment in the nature to deadweight, so equipment can not be shifted without foundation bolt yet.When being applied to the Other Engineering place,, very reliable also according to same reason.
Adopt rubber why can not guarantee that as anti-slip material equipment is not shifted, and adopt mechanical brakeman of the present invention just passable, its reason is; At first rubber and metal or concrete coefficient of friction maximum just 0.8; Be lower than 1.0, the elasticity of rubber is fine in addition, if equipment has dynamic load; Under the dynamic load effect, can produce the small cunning of wriggling, will produce macroslip in the course of time.And mechanical brakeman of the present invention embeds function owing to have the surface; The surperficial both macro and micro embedded structure that produces; Stick together (when tearing) and friction adhesive ability with the mantle friction that adhesion material itself is higher; With mechanical brakeman and adjacent objects surface " being sticky in together ", can't produce little cunning of wriggling firmly, this is the major reason that slipmat of the present invention can effectively prevent the equipment displacement.In addition, the adhering method of mechanical brakeman of the present invention and ordinary meaning is also had any different, and the bond strength of adhering method and equipment is too big; Generally need to destroy adhesive linkage or destroy ground ability mobile device; Use mechanical brakeman of the present invention when equipment is moved, then not have such problem, though horizontal coefficient of friction is very big, mechanical brakeman and adjacently situated surfaces are very little in vertical cohesion; After removing equipment self-weight, just can mechanical brakeman be uncovered from ground or peel off from the equipment bottom surface with hand.
Two of the object of the invention is to provide a kind of production method of mechanical brakeman; Comprise the steps: that the cotton rope that fiber that durability and pull resistance is good or fiber are processed is woven into anti-skidding pad base material; Make anti-skidding pad base material absorption adhesion material then, make fiber or cotton rope internal void and surface adsorption that adhesion material arranged, pass through mechanical means at last anti-skidding pad compression compact; And, obtain mechanical brakeman of the present invention with unnecessary adhesion material discharge.Described mechanical means comprises and utilizes forcing press squeezing or weight multiple mode such as to make firm by ramming.Advantages such as the mechanical brakeman that processes by this method is because through the excess pressure precompressed, so quality is more closely knit, and its intensity is big, and rigidity is more suitable for requirement of engineering, and it is little to have resilience in the use, and bearing capacity is big.It is pointed out that in the closely knit process of squeezing, can be one or more layers anti-skidding pad squeezing is closely knit according to the practical application needs, thus obtain the mechanical brakeman of the present invention of different-thickness.
Three of the object of the invention is to provide the application mode of a kind of mechanical brakeman in the steel bridge floor gets on the right track railway roadbed; Specific practice is that mechanical brakeman is layed between steel bridge floor and ballast aggregate or the road bed board; On ballast aggregate or road bed board, sleeper is set again, and on sleeper, sets up rail.
Four of the object of the invention is to provide the application of a kind of mechanical brakeman in the quarrel railway roadbed is arranged, and specific practice is that rail and sleeper are arranged on the ballastway, mechanical brakeman is arranged on around the sleeper, or/and in the ballastway, or/and between ballast aggregate and the base surface.
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention adopts brand-new anti-skidding mechanism, and its coefficient of friction can improve along with the increase of load, can effectively prevent relative slippage is taken place between the attachment; Have simple in structurely, coefficient of friction is big, and is easy to process; Characteristics such as durability is strong such as can the equipment of being widely used in fix, well lid cooperates with the well seat at the place, particularly set up wear-resisting anti-bundle layer on the anti-skidding pad or elastic layer is set simultaneously and wear-resisting anti-bundles layer after; Its applicability is had been further upgraded; Go for railway ballast structure and other building fields, for example on the steel bridge places such as ballast bed are set, especially be fit to various heavy duties or the anti-skidding processing in vibration engineering place is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is one of structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is two of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is three of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is four of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the application sketch map of mechanical brakeman of the present invention shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 6 is five of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is six of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is seven of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is eight of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Figure 10 is nine of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the application sketch map of mechanical brakeman of the present invention shown in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is ten of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the application sketch map of mechanical brakeman of the present invention shown in Figure 12.
Figure 14 is 11 of the structural representation of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Figure 15 is four of the application sketch map of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Figure 16 is five of the application sketch map of mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 1; Comprise anti-skidding pad 1, anti-skidding pad 1 is formed by the braiding of jute material, and utilizes the modified pitch of molten condition to soak; Wherein be added with frictional force reinforcing material carbon black in the modified pitch; Make modified asphalt material fully be adsorbed with in the hole of tossa with woven gap in, with the steam heating method unnecessary modified asphalt material is discharged then, process mechanical brakeman of the present invention after drying.
When utilizing mechanical brakeman of the present invention to do anti-skidding processing for equipment; Only need mechanical brakeman be positioned between equipment and the basis; Because the anti-skidding pad 1 of mechanical brakeman is formed by the tossa braiding, contact surface has natural rough surface about it, is attached with the modified asphalt material that height sticks together between fibr tissue internal capillary and fibre gap; Make anti-skidding pad have certain plasticity; Under the equipment self-weight effect, anti-skidding pad can fully adapt to and embed in the macroscopical coarse structure and micro-rough structure of two adjacent contact surfaces, forms to embed compound friction.At first, asphalt material itself just has higher surface mount ability, and the carbon black of interpolation has increased the coefficient of friction between contact surface again; In addition since the anti-skidding pad plastic deformation of mechanical brakeman embed adjacent contact surfaces the both macro and micro coarse structure in, if want relative motion between the two articles, the embedded part of anti-skidding pad or be sheared disconnected; Slippage is deviate from from embedded structure, or moves in the inner generation shearing of anti-skidding pad, has braided structure owing to constitute the fiber of anti-skidding pad; Intricate, have higher stretch breaking strength, fibrous inside and fiber surface are attached with adhesion material again; Inside also is difficult to relative motion; Therefore plasticity is preferably arranged, neither be prone to break, also easy glide not, more difficult at the inner shearing slip face that produces of anti-skidding pad; Therefore this embedding compound friction can produce very high coefficient of friction, and what can effectively guarantee equipment slippage do not take place.Practice shows that the compound friction coefficient of mechanical brakeman of the present invention can reach more than 1.0; When promptly only applying the horizontal thrust of normal pressure more than 1 times, could produce relative slippage between the two articles, and this coefficient of friction can increase with the raising of pressure; Therefore, skidproof effect is splendid.Use another advantage of mechanical brakeman of the present invention to be that though the location non-skid property of mechanical brakeman of the present invention is extremely strong, it is the same seemingly equipment to be sticked in ground; But the adhering method of itself and ordinary meaning also has essential distinction, and the bond strength of adhering method and equipment is too big, and generally needing to destroy adhesive linkage or destroy ground could mobile device; Use mechanical brakeman of the present invention when equipment is moved, then not have such problem; Though horizontal coefficient of friction is very big, remove equipment self-weight after, mechanical brakeman and adjacently situated surfaces are very little in vertical cohesion; Just can mechanical brakeman be uncovered from ground or peel off from the equipment bottom surface with hand, equipment or ground are had no effect.
Except that anti-skidding field, the location that can be applied to equipment; Characteristics such as mechanical brakeman of the present invention has because of it that coefficient of friction is big, filling property is strong, durable, applicability is good can also promote the use of many other fields; As between the cover for water supply and drainage manholes and well seat that can mechanical brakeman of the present invention is used for being provided with on the road surface, can prevent effectively that well lid from jolting and noise through out-of-date generation at vehicle.Concrete grammar is that the mechanical brakeman that sisal hemp is processed is placed in the slit, side and slit, below of well lid and well seat, leaves suitably to cross and wins; Because mechanical brakeman has plasticity, under the wheel pressure effect, can press more real and more real; Remaining elasticity is clamped well lid just firmly; Owing to directly do not contact, do not bump between well lid and the well seat, so do not have and jolt and noise.Again since mechanical brakeman by sisal fiber braiding and be adsorbed with modified pitch, tensile strength is very high, abrasion-proof corrosion-proof though it has certain elasticity, can not resemble the phenomenon that place creep is extruded the elastomeric material, so long service life, dependable performance.
Except that the mode of braiding, also can adopt mode such as weaving to process mechanical brakeman of the present invention.
Except that the jute material; Some other natural or man-made fibre material with excellent abrasive resistance and toughness also can be used to process mechanical brakeman of the present invention, like sisal fiber, ramee, cotton fiber, bamboo fibre, monkey grass, glass fibre, rock wool fibers, acrylic fiber, nylon fibre, polyster fibre, nylon fiber or metallic fiber of being difficult for getting rusty etc.The high adhesion material that uses in the process can also adopt resin materials (comprising natural resin material and synthetic resin material) such as pitch, emulsified asphalt or acrylic acid except that the modified pitch of mentioning in this example, also can realize good effect.
In addition, if can be with re-using after the first pre-compacted of mechanical brakeman of the present invention, the bearing capacity of mechanical brakeman is higher, and resilience is littler, and result of use is better.
Embodiment two
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 2 is that with the difference of embodiment one cotton rope that anti-skidding pad 1 is processed sisal fiber is formed by weaving; What particularly point out is; For improving the elasticity of mechanical brakeman, when making cotton rope, also in sisal fiber, sneak into a certain proportion of high elasticity nylon fiber.Soak with adhesion material then, adhesion material is mixed by emulsified asphalt, acrylic acid and cement, gypsum, mica powder and talcum powder, also is added with frictional force reinforcing material rosin in addition; Make adhesion material fully be adsorbed in the hole of fibrous material and woven gap; Extrude unnecessary adhesion material with the method for machinery again, utilize the forcing press squeezing closely knit after drying, obtain mechanical brakeman of the present invention; Its surface is provided with the concaveconvex structure of fin 2 and groove 3 formations, and fin 2 is provided with groove 3 at interval.
Because anti-skidding pad 1 surface is provided with concaveconvex structure, if be connected with the convex-concave structure of the adjacent objects corresponding setting in surface, then adjacent objects can be spacing better, is difficult for slippage more, and non-skid property can greatly be strengthened.Except that the interval of mentioning in this example is provided with fin and groove formation concaveconvex structure, also can directly local crowning or groove be set in the slipmat surface, also can realize same function.
Advantages such as mechanical brakeman is because through the excess pressure precompressed, so quality is more closely knit, and its intensity is big, and rigidity is more suitable for requirement of engineering, and it is little to have resilience in the use, and bearing capacity is big, coefficient of friction especially can be up to more than 1.5.
For improving the elasticity of mechanical brakeman of the present invention; Remove and can in the fibrous material of the anti-skidding pad of processing, add elastic fiber material, can also be at fibrous material surface attachment elastomeric material, for example; After utilizing fibrous material to process cotton rope; Hang very thin one deck elastomeric material again on the cotton rope surface, and then the cotton rope that utilizes gained to have the elastic caoutchouc film weaves anti-skidding pad, also can play increases flexible effect.Certainly directly utilize elastic fiber material to make anti-skidding pad and also can realize same purpose.
Embodiment three
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 3 is that with the difference of embodiment one anti-skidding pad 1 is pressed into and is formed by the anti-skidding pad 1a of son, 1b, 1c, 1d.The anti-skidding pad 1a of son, 1b, 1c, 1d are formed by the cotton rope braiding that glass fibre is processed respectively; And utilize emulsified asphalt to soak; The floating asphalt-ing material fully is adsorbed with in the hole of glass fibre in the woven gap with cotton rope, with the method for pressure roll extruding unnecessary emulsified bituminous materials is discharged then and dry.
The advantage of such mechanical brakeman is, changes the quantity of sub anti-skidding pad, just can control the gross thickness of mechanical brakeman.The anti-skidding pad of each piece in the particularly this mechanical brakeman all has independently, with whole identical non-skid property, can not influence whole non-skid property even therefore peel off between sub anti-skidding pad yet.Again owing to employed high adhesion material in the mechanical brakeman is different from the bonding agent on the common meaning; It is very little in vertical cohesion; Can be easy to just each sub anti-skidding pad separated, the quantity that therefore can increase or reduce sub anti-skidding pad is as required at any time adjusted the thickness of mechanical brakeman, can not have influence on the performance of mechanical brakeman fully; Very efficient and convenient, the installation that is particularly suitable for the job site is adjusted.
Embodiment four
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 4 is with the difference of embodiment one, in order to improve applicability, strengthens the anti-wear performance of anti-bundle of mechanical brakeman, builds on anti-skidding pad 1 surface wear-resisting anti-bundles that concrete material processes layers 4 is set.
The purposes of this type of mechanical brakeman very extensively; As shown in Figure 5, on steel bridge 8, be provided with when ballast bed, prick bad steel bridge face anticorrosive coat and cause the bridge floor corrosion for preventing rubble 5; Between steel bridge 8 and rubble 5, lay mechanical brakeman of the present invention, sleeper 7 and rail 6 are set on rubble again.Up under the effect of object gravity, mechanical brakeman contacts with bridge floor in the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed bridge floor, produces up to more than 1.0, even surpasses 2.0 coefficient of friction, is fixed in bridge floor firmly.Again owing to be provided with wear-resisting anti-bundles layer of concrete material, so rubble can not puncture mechanical brakeman, can effectively protect bridge floor.In addition, because mechanical brakeman of the present invention adopted new anti-skidding principle, needn't worry because of light weight is prone to the play slippage takes place, so concrete abrasion-resistant is anti-pricks layer can be provided with thinner, the thickness of whole mechanical brakeman can be controlled at about 50mm, even thinner.Concrete protective plate about the thickness 200mm that replaces adopting at present with such mechanical brakeman; Just can reduce the railway roadbed gross weight greatly; The load of steel bridge beam can be optimized structure after reducing; Save steel, owing to avoided directly contacting with rubble, can be fully protected the service life of steel bridge simultaneously.
Except that the normal concrete of mentioning in this example, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can also utilize other concrete materials such as resin concrete or fibre reinforced concrete to process.In addition, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer also can by flexible polyureas, engineering plastics, PVC material, elasticity polyurethane, abrasive rubber or above-mentioned material is compound be processed.According to the difference of material, can also utilize modes such as bonding, hot melt, spraying, coating or sulfuration to be closely as one between wear-resisting anti-bundle layer and the anti-skidding pad.
What deserves to be mentioned is, the wear-resisting anti-mechanical brakeman of the present invention of pricking layer be not set also can be applied to steel bridge and lay ballast bedly that only pierced through by rubble for preventing, it is thicker that anti-skidding pad should be provided with, as be not less than 10mm.Like this, mechanical brakeman is placed between rubble and the bridge floor as the ballast aggregate pad, under railway roadbed deadweight effect; Mechanical brakeman contacts with bridge floor in the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed bridge floor; Generation is up to more than 1.0, even the coefficient of friction more than 2.0, is fixed in bridge floor firmly.Because mechanical brakeman has certain plasticity, rubble and mechanical brakeman also coadaptation are mutually set up more firm cooperation, be difficult for play takes place, so railway roadbed are very stable.In addition, mechanical brakeman thickness is when 10mm is above, and rubble can not puncture mechanical brakeman, can effectively protect bridge floor.Utilize this mechanical brakeman to replace original thickness 200mm concrete slab, thickness is thinner, and quality is lighter, helps further reducing the ballast bed structure gross weight, saves steel thereby alleviate bridge load.
Except having function such as anti-skidding anti-bundle, because the elastic modelling quantity of mechanical brakeman is far below rubble or concrete, mechanical brakeman can also be blocked the transmission of solid-borne noise, plays the effect of noise reduction, if steel bridge, the mechanical brakeman of 10mm can noise reduction 5-7dBA.If the thickness of mechanical brakeman, also has significantly vibration isolation effect greater than being provided with elastomer or elastomeric material in 10mm or the mechanical brakeman, thickness is big more, and vibration isolating effect is good more.
Embodiment five
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 6; Be with the difference of embodiment four, for the ease of with the top object localization, strengthen and being connected of top object; At the wear-resisting anti-concaveconvex structure that layer 4 surface are provided with fin 10 and groove 11 formations of pricking, fin 10 is provided with groove 11 at interval.In addition, in order to strengthen wear-resisting anti-intensity of pricking layer, also be provided with the enhancement Layer 9 that woven wire constitutes in the layer wear-resisting anti-the bundle.
Except that the interval of mentioning in this example is provided with fin and groove formation concaveconvex structure, also can directly local crowning or groove be set at the wear-resisting laminar surface of anti-the bundle, also can realize same function.Except that woven wire, can also utilize structures such as bar-mat reinforcement, fiber web in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, to construct enhancement Layer, and can in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, a plurality of enhancement Layers be set simultaneously.
Embodiment six
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 7 is with the difference of embodiment five, in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 top concrete material, adds staple fibre and constitutes a surperficial enhancement Layer 12.Since the existence of surperficial enhancement Layer 12, the more wear-resisting anti-bundle of mechanical brakeman of the present invention, not easy to crack, longer service life.
Embodiment seven
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 8 is with the difference of embodiment five, is to reduce difficulty of processing, reduces production cost, is embedded concaveconvex structures that some stones 13 substitute the surface on wear-resisting anti-layer 4 surface of pricking.In addition; Prick being connected between layer 4 and the anti-skidding pad 1 for reinforced wear-resistant is anti-; The concaveconvex structure that constitutes by fin 2 and groove 3 in anti-skidding pad 1 upper surface setting; Corresponding wear-resisting anti-layer 4 lower surface of pricking are provided with fin 10 and the convex-concave structure that groove 11 constitutes, and utilize concaveconvex structure to cooperate wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 and anti-skidding pad 1 are linked into an integrated entity.
Except that stone, can also be embedded some sheet metals, wire, sand grains or potsherd on wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 surface, also can play identical effect.
Embodiment eight
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention as shown in Figure 9 is with the difference of embodiment four, between anti-skidding pad 1 and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 elastic layer 14 that elastomeric material is processed is set, and adhesion is integral between the three.
Because be provided with the elastic layer that elastomeric material constitutes, mechanical brakeman of the present invention can be realized higher vibration-damping function, only need to improve the thickness of elastic layer, can improve the damping property of mechanical brakeman.Elastic layer 14 can also adopt the elasticity urethane or like materials to process, and can utilize the pourable performance of elasticity polyurethane directly anti-skidding pad 1 and wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 to be cast for one.Through different, can also utilize between elastic layer and anti-skidding pad and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer and build, spray, apply or mode such as sulfuration is closely as one according to material.
Embodiment nine
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention shown in figure 10 is with the difference of embodiment eight, the wear-resisting anti-reinforced concrete structure that layer 4 adopts the steel reinforcement cage cast concretes to constitute of pricking.Utilizing the surperficial separately concaveconvex structure that cooperatively interacts that is provided with to be connected to each other between elastic layer 14 and anti-skidding pad 1 and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 is integral.Spacing for the ease of top supporting object, on wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4, also be provided with shoulder block 15.
When being applied to railway ballast, shown in figure 11, mechanical brakeman of the present invention is placed on the surface of base 16, on wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4, utilize shoulder block 15 spacing filling out to establish rubble 5, sleeper 7 is set on rubble 5, set up rail 6 on the sleeper 7.Under railway roadbed deadweight effect; The anti-skidding pad that is arranged in the bottom contacts the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed surface of base 16 with surface of base 16, produces up to more than 1.0, even the coefficient of friction more than 2.0; Be fixed in surface of base 16 firmly, so railway roadbed is very stable.Again owing to have elastic layer 14 in the mechanical brakeman; When rail vehicle vibrates through producing; Effective absorbed oscillation energy; Therefore its intensity was significantly weakened when vibration reached surface of base again through mechanical brakeman of the present invention, can effectively reduce the interference to peripheral resident and building, not only environmental protection but also durable.
In addition, the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer in the mechanical brakeman of the present invention both can prefabrication, but also cast in situs all realizes mechanized easily, and it is very convenient to construct.
Embodiment ten
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention shown in figure 12 directly vulcanizes the elastic layer 14 that more wear-resisting nitrile rubber material formation is set on the anti-skidding pad 1.
When being applied to railway ballast, shown in figure 13, mechanical brakeman of the present invention is layed on the steel bridge floor 25 of steel bridge beam, on mechanical brakeman, place the ballast bed of track plate 20 of floating, on track is floated plate 20, sleeper 7 is set then, set up rail 6 on the sleeper 7.Under railway roadbed deadweight effect; The anti-skidding pad that is arranged in the bottom contacts the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed steel bridge floor 25 with steel bridge floor 25; Generation is up to more than 1.0; Even the coefficient of friction more than 2.0, make anti-skidding pad fixedly be attached at steel bridge floor 25 firmly, so railway roadbed is very stable.Owing to have elastic layer 14 in the mechanical brakeman; When rail vehicle vibrates through producing; Effective absorbed oscillation energy; Therefore its intensity was significantly weakened when vibration reached surface of base again through mechanical brakeman of the present invention, can effectively reduce the interference to peripheral resident and building, not only environmental protection but also durable.
In order to make the track plate 20 of floating better spacing on mechanical brakeman; Can also on elastic layer 14, be provided with protruding 27; Utilize protruding 27 and the groove floated on the plate 20 of track match, the relative position that track is floated between plate 20 and the mechanical brakeman in the horizontal direction is more stable.
Mechanical brakeman of the present invention shown in figure 14 is with the difference of embodiment eight, is provided with metal stamper spring 17 in the elastic layer 14.
Owing to set up metal stamper spring 17, improved vertical stiffness greatly, when thicker elastic layer 14 is set, is unlikely to make undue reduction of vertical stiffness of system and causes unstability.Again because when having adopted thicker elastic layer; Therefore mechanical brakeman can absorb more vibrational energy, and the anti-vibration performance of such mechanical brakeman is better, and antifatigue more; Durability is better, is particularly suitable for the practical applications places that load is big, vibration is strong such as railway ballast.
Certainly,, under the situation that elastic layer thickness is fit to, also helical steel springs, leaf spring or other springs can be set in elastic layer, also can realize same effect based on this routine said technical scheme.
Shown in figure 15, mechanical brakeman of the present invention comprises two anti-skidding subpad bodies 1, and the elastic layer 14 of elastomeric material is set between the anti-skidding subpad body 1.When being applied to the ballasted track railway roadbed, rail 6 and sleeper 7 are arranged on the ballast aggregate 5, and mechanical brakeman of the present invention is laid in the ballast aggregate 5.
This ballasted track ballast bed structure; Owing in ballastway, set up mechanical brakeman of the present invention; Make the ballast aggregate position of mechanical brakeman both sides more fixing on the one hand, can effectively alleviate rail vehicle and cause the crowded each other fragmentation of rolling over, increase the service life greatly through out-of-date ballast aggregate play; Secondly, owing to contain elasticity layer in the mechanical brakeman, therefore effective absorbed oscillation energy plays the effect of vibration isolation, can effectively alleviate its below ballast aggregate simultaneously and because of squeezing rolling the degree of breakage take place; The 3rd, when needs were safeguarded the replacing mechanical brakeman, the ballast aggregate that only removes the mechanical brakeman top can be accomplished the replacing of mechanical brakeman; The same ballast aggregate of backfill mechanical brakeman top that only needs can come into operation again; Compare traditional ballast aggregate pad of being arranged at ballast aggregate below (need remove whole ballast aggregates, and after changing the ballast aggregate pad the whole ballast aggregate of backfill), its workload significantly reduces; Shorten maintenance time greatly, helps significantly reducing maintenance cost.
Common resilient sleeper-bearing or ballast aggregate pad cannot be used in the middle of the ballast aggregate, because existing ballast aggregate pad and resilient sleeper-bearing skin-friction coefficient are little, and pad is prone to wriggle, and the railway roadbed stability of a system is relatively poor after using.And the skin-friction coefficient of mechanical brakeman of the present invention can reach 1.5 and even 2.0, and resilience is little, and bearing capacity is big, so the stability of a system is guaranteed, so can be applied in the ballast aggregate.
Remove and be applied to the ballast aggregate China and foreign countries; Mechanical brakeman of the present invention can also be applied between ballast aggregate and the basis, and also possesses than existing product and more many advantage, the advantage on performance; If when being applied to the ballast aggregate bottom; It is smooth to use traditional ballast aggregate pad requirement base surface to harden well, otherwise is prone to problem such as pierce through, tear, and this has increased construction costs greatly; And mechanical brakeman of the present invention only needs base surface is carried out common sclerosis even only need tamp satisfying instructions for use, so economy is better.
To sum up, in quarrel road bed system is arranged, also can in ballast aggregate and under ballast aggregate, use mechanical brakeman of the present invention, better effects if simultaneously.
Embodiment 13
Shown in figure 16, mechanical brakeman of the present invention comprises two anti-skidding subpad bodies 1, and the elastic layer 14 of elasticity polyurethane material is set between the anti-skidding subpad body 1.Be applied to ballasted track road bed system and when being used with sleeper, rail 6 and sleeper 7 are arranged on the ballastway 5, between sleeper 7 and ballast aggregate 5, mechanical brakeman are set.Weight at rail vehicle; The anti-skidding pad 1 of mechanical brakeman can embed in the both macro and micro surface roughness of the sleeper 7 that is in contact with it and ballast aggregate 5; Therefore between sleeper 7 and the ballast aggregate 5 play does not take place; Spreading is damaged each other through between out-of-date sleeper and ballast aggregate can effectively to prevent train, the service life that can effectively improve bed system.
Owing to comprise elastic layer in the mechanical brakeman of the present invention, therefore also have the function of vibration damping again, cost performance is higher.
Claims (16)
1. mechanical brakeman; Comprise anti-skidding pad, the cotton rope that anti-skidding pad is processed by fibrous material processes through braiding or weaving, is adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber and between cotton rope in the hole or in the cotton rope surface attachment adhesion material is arranged; Adhesion material is viscoelastic material, plastic material or resin material; Comprise plain asphalt, modified pitch, emulsified asphalt, natural resin, synthetic resin or its combination, it is characterized in that the slipmat surface is provided with wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is made up of normal concrete, resin concrete or fibre reinforced concrete; Anti-skidding pad can be under positive pressure; Embed in two adjacent objects macroscopical coarse structure in surface and the micro-rough structure, form and embed compound friction, and form sticking glutinous through adhesion material and adjacent objects surface; Can't produce little cunning of wriggling, its compound friction coefficient is at least greater than 1.0.
2. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that being added with in the adhesion material frictional force reinforcing material, and the frictional force reinforcing material comprises rosin or carbon black.
3. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that containing elastomer in the anti-skidding pad, or fiber surface is with elastomeric material, or the cotton rope surface is with elastomeric material.
4. according to the arbitrary described mechanical brakeman of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the slipmat surface is provided with concaveconvex structure.
5. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1; It is characterized in that anti-skidding pad comprises one or more layers anti-skidding subpad body; Squeeze again after each anti-skidding subpad body is weaved by fiber or cotton rope respectively and form; And be adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber or cotton rope, fiber or cotton rope surface attachment have adhesion material.
6. mechanical brakeman according to claim 5 is characterized in that being provided with between slipmat surface or the anti-skidding subpad body elastic layer that elastomeric material constitutes.
7. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that anti-skidding pad and wear-resisting anti-the bundle are provided with the elastic layer that elastomeric material constitutes between the layer.
8. according to claim 1 or 6 described mechanical brakemans; It is characterized in that between anti-skidding pad and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer; Or between anti-skidding pad and the elastic layer, or between wear-resisting anti-bundle layer and the elastic layer through build, bonding, hot melt, spraying, coating or vulcanization be closely as one.
9. according to claim 1 or 6 described mechanical brakemans, it is characterized in that wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is or/and the elastic layer surface is provided with concaveconvex structure.
10. mechanical brakeman according to claim 9 is characterized in that anti-skidding pad and wear-resisting anti-bundle layer or elastic layer combine through concaveconvex structure.
11. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with woven wire, fiber web or staple fibre in the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer.
12. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that the wear-resisting laminar surface of anti-the bundle is embedded with stone, sand grains, sheet metal or potsherd.
13. mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is provided with shoulder block.
14. mechanical brakeman according to claim 6 is characterized in that being provided with in the elastic layer spring.
15. one kind by the application of the said mechanical brakeman of above-mentioned arbitrary claim 1-14 in the steel bridge floor gets on the right track railway roadbed, it is characterized in that mechanical brakeman is layed between steel bridge floor and ballast aggregate or the road bed board, establishes sleeper and rail at ballast aggregate or bed board upper berth, road again.
16. one kind is having the application of quarrel in the railway roadbed by the said mechanical brakeman of above-mentioned arbitrary claim 1-14, rail and sleeper are arranged on the ballastway, it is characterized in that mechanical brakeman is arranged on around the sleeper, or/and in the ballastway, or/and between ballast aggregate and the base surface.
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| CN2008102383900A CN101748615B (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2008-12-12 | Anti-skidding padding plate, production method and application thereof |
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| CN2008102383900A CN101748615B (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2008-12-12 | Anti-skidding padding plate, production method and application thereof |
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| CN201110270723.XA Division CN102442030B (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2008-12-12 | Anti-slip mat plate, its production method and application |
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| CN101748615A CN101748615A (en) | 2010-06-23 |
| CN101748615B true CN101748615B (en) | 2012-02-01 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102677302A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-19 | 蔡紫林 | Yarn-dyed fabric |
| CN103469599A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-25 | 上海日多高分子材料有限公司 | Production method of unsmoothness increasing agent for polyurethane basketball leather |
| CN103785830B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-11-11 | 上海交通大学 | The preparation method of metal fiber felt |
| CN105014857A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-04 | 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 | Height adjusting gasket and manufacturing method thereof |
| RU2615606C1 (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-05 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КНИТУ") | Rail pad |
| CN107244113B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-03-22 | 山东大学 | Temporary pavement pallet device and method a kind of anti-skidding and that prevent buckling deformation |
| TWI733199B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-07-11 | 崴東科技有限公司 | Cutting mat, manufacturing method thereof and cutting machine including the same |
| CN113123177B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-03-14 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Antiskid steel plate, machining method thereof and track beam |
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| CN2359103Y (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-19 | 侯锦坤 | Antiskid and wear-resisting sheet |
| CN1301623A (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-04 | 茂名市天行塑胶制品有限公司 | Forming technical method for foamed anti-slip cushion |
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