CN201412665Y

CN201412665Y - Antiskid cushion plate

Info

Publication number: CN201412665Y
Application number: CN2009200210019U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹学军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-04-14
Filing date: 2009-04-14
Publication date: 2010-02-24
Anticipated expiration: 2019-04-14

Abstract

The utility model relates to an antiskid cushion plate, which is characterized in that an antiskid cushion body is spun or woven by natural fiber or artificial fiber with high durability and good pullresistance performance, and in addition, adhesive materials are infiltrated in inner holes of the fiber, or are attached to the surface of the fiber. The utility model adopts the fire-new antiskid mechanism, the friction coefficient can be improved along with the load increase, the relative slippage between the antiskid cushion plate and a connected object can be effectively avoided, and the utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, large friction coefficient, convenient process, high durability and the like, can be widely used for fixing equipment, matching well cap and wellseat and the like, can be particularly suitable for railway road bed structures and other construction fields after the additional arrangement of a wear-resistant and pricking-resistant layer on theantiskid cushion body or the simultaneous arrangement of an elastic layer and the wear-resistant and pricking-resistant layer, and is especially suitable for the antiskid treatment of various heavy loading or vibration engineering places.

Description

Mechanical brakeman

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of backing plate, particularly a kind of engineering mechanical brakeman that is used to prevent to take place between object slide relative.

Background technique

In the equipment fixed installation, generally adopt stone bolt that equipment is fixed, yet stone bolt need pre-buried or boring, can destroy ground, in case equipment displacement or resettlement also need ground is repaired.If can develop a kind of new without stone bolt just can fixed equipment product, the then installation of simplified apparatus greatly.For realizing this purpose, common way is between equipment and basis mechanical brakeman to be set.Existing mechanical brakeman adopts rubber material to make usually, and these material ubiquities are easily aging, easily wriggling, shortcoming such as not durable, poor for applicability.And for example, the well lid that on high road surface, is provided with, well lid cooperates often not tight with the well seat, when wheel runs over, can jolt, influence vehicular traffic and pedestrian's safety, the noise that well lid collision well seat can send influences the surrounding resident life, but though adopt the well lid head it off of precision-fit, yet because expense is higher, can not popularize, hurt sb.'s feelings to such an extent as to well lid often takes place, hinder car, incident disturbs residents, also be seen in a large number in medium, in practice, the way of filling anti-slip rubber backing plate in well lid and well seat slit is arranged, can separate the usefulness in a period of time, but rubber belongs to highly resilient material, friction factor is less, easily because of the elasticity wriggling is extruded at last, needs frequent maintain and replace under the effect that rolls repeatedly of wheel.And bath mat or mouse bath mat all belong to the light industry material in the existing family expenses bathroom, can not bear heavy duty, be the more abominable occasion of some operating conditions especially, under the engineering-environment if any sustained oscillation, high temperature, humidity, existing backing plate will soon intensity reduce until broken invalid, and supported material even peripheral personnel are formed potential safety hazard.

In addition, also there is the anti-skidding demand of this type of engineering in other place, for example on steel bridge, be provided with when ballast bed, prick bad steel bridge face anticorrosive coat and cause the bridge floor corrosion for preventing rubble, need on bridge floor, lay the concrete shield of 200 millimeters thick, repave rubble then, so just increased the weight of the load of bridge.If the light-end products that can develop a kind of not only anti-skidding but also anti-bundle replaces the concrete of this layer 200 millimeters thick, can guarantee ballast bedly not to be shifted, also ability is pricked, and just can reduce bridge load greatly, and saving great deal of steel and concrete are also simplified construction sequence.

In sum, the engineering mechanical brakeman that a kind of bearing capacity of market in urgent need is strong, friction factor is big, obstructive is strong, durable, applicability is good.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome above-mentioned defective, and a kind of intensity height, anti-aging, applicability good, bearing capacity is strong mechanical brakeman are provided.

The utility model mechanical brakeman is achieved in that and comprises anti-skidding pad that anti-skidding pad is made of durability and the good lamination coating of pull resistance, and is adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber or is attached with adhesion material at fiber surface.The cotton rope that anti-skidding pad can also be made by lamination coating processes through braiding or weaving, and is adsorbed with adhesion material between cotton rope in the hole or at cotton rope surface attachment adhesion material.

Described lamination coating comprises natural fibre and artificial fiber, and wherein, natural fibre comprises sisal fiber, jute fiber, Limonene bastose, cotton fiber, bamboo fibre or monkey grass etc.; Artificial fiber comprises glass fibre, rock wool fibers, acrylic fiber, nylon fibre, polyster fibre, nylon fiber or the steel fiber that is difficult for getting rusty etc.; Adhesion material is viscoelastic material, plastic material or resin material, comprises pitch, modified pitch, emulsified pitch, copal or synthetic resin etc., the perhaps combination between the above-mentioned material.These adhesion materials itself have higher surface friction tackifying ability, or are added with the frictional force reinforcing material in adhesion material, and wherein typical frictional force reinforcing material is rosin and carbon black.

For increasing the elasticity of anti-skidding pad, can in weaving the lamination coating of anti-skidding pad, add elastic fiber material, can certainly directly utilize elastic fiber material to make anti-skidding pad, or at the lamination coating or the cotton rope surface attachment elastic material that constitute anti-skidding pad.

For conveniently combining or being convenient to the top bearing object spacing with adjacently situated surfaces, the surface of anti-skidding pad is provided with concaveconvex structure, described concaveconvex structure can be groove and the fin that the bath mat surface is provided with at interval, also can be a plurality of local crownings or partial groove that the bath mat surface is provided with.

Anti-skidding pad of the present utility model can comprise one or more layers anti-skidding subpad body, squeeze again after each anti-skidding subpad body is weaved by lamination coating or cotton rope respectively and form, and be adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber or cotton rope, lamination coating or cotton rope surface attachment have adhesion material.Utilize methods such as pressing or heat posted be attached that the anti-skidding subpad body of multilayer is pressed and fuse, or the concaveconvex structure that utilizes anti-skidding subpad surface to be provided with, the anti-skidding subpad body of multilayer Assembly is integral.

For enlarging Applicable scope of the present utility model, improve the wear-resisting anti-bundle performance of mechanical brakeman, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can be set in the bath mat surface; For improving the anti-vibration performance of mechanical brakeman, the elasitic layer that elastic material constitutes can be set between bath mat surface or anti-skidding subpad body, or between anti-skidding pad and wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, elasitic layer be set.Described wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can be made of elastic material, also can be made of the bigger material of rigidity.For example, the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer that rigidity is bigger can be made of normal concrete, resin concrete or fibre reinforced concrete; Flexible wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can by flexible polyureas, elasticity polyurethane, engineering plastics, PVC material, abrasive rubber or above-mentioned material is compound constitutes.Between anti-skidding pad and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, or between anti-skidding pad and the elasitic layer, or between wear-resisting anti-bundles layer and the elasitic layer by build, modes such as bonding, hot melt, spraying, coating or sulfuration are closely as one.Also can be at wear-resisting anti-bundle layer or/and the elasitic layer surface is provided with concaveconvex structure, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer combines by concaveconvex structure with anti-skidding pad or elasitic layer.What deserves to be mentioned is, also can utilize the method that is embedded stone, sand grains, tinsel or ceramic plate at the wear-resisting laminar surface of anti-the bundle to substitute or part substitutes concaveconvex structure, so not only reduced the difficulty of processing, also help the reduction production cost of products simultaneously.For improving the bearing capacity of the utility model mechanical brakeman, strengthen its vertical stiffness, in the elasitic layer spring can also be set, as helical steel springs, dish spring, sheet spring, leaf spring etc.

For improving the wear-resisting anti-tear resistance of pricking layer, can in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, reinforcing mesh, wire gaze, fleece or short fibre be set, wherein reinforcing mesh, wire gaze, fleece can be provided with one or more layers, and when big, reinforcing mesh also can be arranged to the cage shape as thickness size.Described fleece can be that cloth or cotton rope mesh grid constitute.

Spacing for the ease of the top bearing object can also be provided with shoulder block on the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer.

The essential distinction of the utility model and traditional mechanical brakeman is, on anti-skidding principle, the friction factor of traditional bath mat is mainly determined by the natural frictional behavior of material, with pressure independent, friction factor as steel and cast iron and steel is 0.2, the friction factor of steel and nylon is 0.3, in the break between steel Moving plate and friction plate friction factor can reach 0.6, the friction factor of tire and dried asphalt road is 0.6, friction factor between concrete and the concrete is 0.3, rubber tape and steel are 0.35-0.4, rubber and rubber 0.4-0.5.This shows that generally between 0.15-0.5, be used for equipment does not fixedly have enough margin of safety to the friction factor between the engineering material, special material such as friction plate can reach 0.6, but cost is too high, and rigidity is too big, can't be used for fixing equipment or member.In nature and engineering application, seldom there is friction factor to surpass 0.8 engineering material.And the utility model mechanical brakeman is positioned between equipment and the basis, contact surface has the rough surface of natural or artificial manufacturing about it, anti-skidding pad is formed by natural or artificial fiber braiding, be attached with high adhesion material between fibrous structure internal capillary and fibre gap, the accompanying adhesion material of at first anti-skidding pad has very high surface friction adhesive ability, anti-skidding in addition pad has certain plasticity and good filling property, anti-skidding pad is under positive pressure, fully adapt to and embed in the macroscopical coarse structure and micro-rough structure of two adjacent contact surfaces, form to embed compound friction: since the anti-skidding pad plastic deformation of mechanical brakeman embed adjacent contact surfaces the both macro and micro coarse structure in, if want relative movement between the two articles, the embedded part of anti-skidding pad or slippage is deviate from from embedded structure, be sheared disconnected, or in the inner generation shearing of anti-skidding pad, has braiding structure owing to constitute the fiber of anti-skidding pad, intricate, has higher stretch breaking strength, fibrous inside and fiber surface are attached with adhesion material again, inside also is difficult to relative movement, plasticity is preferably arranged, therefore neither easily break, also easy glide not, more difficult at the inner shearing slip face that produces of anti-skidding pad, therefore this embedding compound friction can produce very high friction factor, and friction factor can increase with the raising of pressure, practice shows that its compound friction coefficient generally surpasses 1.0, can reach 1.2 or 1.6, some in addition reach more than 2.0, when promptly only applying the horizontal thrust of positive pressure more than 2 times, could produce relative slippage between the two articles.This mechanical brakeman is used for equipment fixes, as long as this mechanical brakeman is positioned between equipment lower margin and the mattess, owing to almost do not have 2 times of horizontal thrusts to act on equipment in the nature to deadweight, so equipment can not be shifted without stone bolt yet.When being applied to the Other Engineering place, also, very reliable according to same reason.

Adopt rubber why can not guarantee that as anti-slip material equipment is not shifted, and adopt the utility model just can, its reason is, at first rubber and metal or concrete friction factor maximum just 0.8, be lower than 1.0, the elasticity of rubber is fine in addition, if equipment has dynamic load, under the dynamic load effect, small creep can be produced, macroslip will be produced in the course of time.And the utility model mechanical brakeman embeds function owing to have the surface, the surperficial both macro and micro embedded structure that produces, stick together (when tearing) and friction adhesive ability with the surface friction that adhesion material itself is higher, firmly mechanical brakeman and adjacent objects surface " are sticky in together ", can't produce little creep, this is the major reason that the utility model bath mat can effectively prevent the equipment displacement.In addition, the adhering method of the utility model mechanical brakeman and ordinary meaning is also had any different, the bond strength of adhering method and equipment is too big, generally need to destroy adhesive layer or destroy ground ability mobile device, use the utility model mechanical brakeman when equipment is moved, then not have such problem, though horizontal friction factor is very big, but mechanical brakeman and adjacently situated surfaces are very little in vertical cohesion, after removing equipment self-weight, just mechanical brakeman can be uncovered from ground or is peeled off from the equipment bottom surface with hand.

Production method of the present utility model, be that the cotton rope that fiber that durability and pull resistance is good or fiber are made is woven into anti-skidding pad base material, make anti-skidding pad base material absorption adhesion material then, make fiber or cotton rope internal void and surface adsorption that adhesion material be arranged, at last by mechanical means with anti-skidding pad compression compact, and, obtain the utility model mechanical brakeman with unnecessary adhesion material discharge.Described mechanical means comprises and utilizes press machine squeezing or weight multiple mode such as to make firm by ramming.Advantages such as the mechanical brakeman that processes by this method is because through the excess pressure precompressed, so quality is more closely knit, and its intensity is big, and rigidity is more suitable for requirement of engineering, and it is little to have resilience in the using process, and bearing capacity is big.It is pointed out that in the closely knit process of squeezing, can be one or more layers anti-skidding pad squeezing is closely knit according to the practical application needs, thus obtain the utility model mechanical brakeman of different-thickness.

The application mode of the utility model in the steel bridge floor gets on the right track railway roadbed, specific practice are that mechanical brakeman is layed between steel bridge floor and ballast aggregate or the road bed board, on ballast aggregate or road bed board sleeper is set again, and sets up rail on sleeper.

The utility model is having the application of quarrel in the railway roadbed, and specific practice is that rail and sleeper are arranged on the ballastway, mechanical brakeman is arranged on around the sleeper, or/and in the ballastway, or/and between ballast aggregate and the base surface.

The utility model mechanical brakeman adopts brand-new anti-skidding mechanism, its friction factor can improve along with the increase of load, can effectively prevent to be connected relative slippage takes place between the thing, have simple in structure, friction factor is big, easy to process, characteristics such as durability is strong, can fix by the equipment of being widely used in, well lid such as cooperates at the place with the well seat, particularly set up wear-resisting anti-bundle layer on the anti-skidding pad or elasitic layer is set simultaneously and wear-resisting anti-bundles layer after, its applicability is had been further upgraded, and goes for railway ballast structure and other building fields, for example on the steel bridge places such as ballast bed are set, especially are fit to various heavy duties or the anti-skidding processing in vibration engineering place is arranged.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is one of structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is two of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is three of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is four of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 5 is an application schematic representation of the present utility model shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 6 is five of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 7 is six of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 8 is seven of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Fig. 9 is eight of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Figure 10 is nine of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Figure 11 is an application schematic representation of the present utility model shown in Figure 10.

Figure 12 is ten of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Figure 13 is an application schematic representation of the present utility model shown in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is 11 of a structural representation of the present utility model.

Figure 15 is four of an application schematic representation of the present utility model.

Figure 16 is five of an application schematic representation of the present utility model.

Embodiment

Embodiment one

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 1, comprise anti-skidding pad 1, anti-skidding pad 1 is formed by the braiding of jute material, and utilize the modified pitch of molten state to soak, wherein be added with frictional force reinforcing material carbon black in the modified pitch, make modified asphalt material fully be adsorbed with in the hole of jute fiber and in the woven gap, with the steam heating method unnecessary modified asphalt material is discharged then, make the utility model mechanical brakeman after drying.

When utilizing the utility model mechanical brakeman to do anti-skidding processing for equipment, only mechanical brakeman need be positioned between equipment and the basis, because the anti-skidding pad 1 of mechanical brakeman is formed by the jute fiber braiding, contact surface has natural rough surface about it, be attached with the modified asphalt material that height sticks together between fibrous structure internal capillary and fibre gap, make anti-skidding pad have certain plasticity, under the equipment self-weight effect, anti-skidding pad can fully adapt to and embed in the macroscopical coarse structure and micro-rough structure of two adjacent contact surfaces, forms to embed compound friction.At first, bituminous material itself just has higher surface mount ability, the carbon black that adds has increased the friction factor between contact surface again, in addition because in the both macro and micro coarse structure of the anti-skidding pad plastic deformation of mechanical brakeman embedding adjacent contact surfaces, if want relative movement between the two articles, the embedded part of anti-skidding pad or be sheared disconnected, slippage is deviate from from embedded structure, or shear mobile in the inner generation of anti-skidding pad, has braiding structure owing to constitute the fiber of anti-skidding pad, intricate, has higher stretch breaking strength, fibrous inside and fiber surface are attached with adhesion material again, and inside also is difficult to relative movement, and plasticity is preferably arranged, therefore neither easily break, also easy glide not, more difficult therefore this embedding compound friction can produce very high friction factor at the inner shearing slip face that produces of anti-skidding pad, and what can effectively guarantee equipment slippage do not take place.Practice shows that the compound friction coefficient of the utility model mechanical brakeman can reach more than 1.0, when promptly only applying the horizontal thrust of positive pressure more than 1 times, could produce relative slippage between the two articles, and this friction factor can increase with the raising of pressure, therefore, skidproof effect is splendid.Use another advantage of the utility model mechanical brakeman to be, though the location non-skid property of the utility model mechanical brakeman is extremely strong, it is the same seemingly equipment to be sticked in ground, but the adhering method of itself and ordinary meaning also has essential distinction, the bond strength of adhering method and equipment is too big, generally need to destroy adhesive layer or destroy ground ability mobile device, use the utility model mechanical brakeman when equipment is moved, then not have such problem, though horizontal friction factor is very big, but after removing equipment self-weight, mechanical brakeman and adjacently situated surfaces are very little in vertical cohesion, just mechanical brakeman can be uncovered from ground or peeled off with hand, equipment or ground are had no effect from the equipment bottom surface.

Except that anti-skidding field, the location that can be applied to equipment, characteristics such as the utility model mechanical brakeman has because of it that friction factor is big, filling property is strong, durable, applicability is good can also promote the use of many other fields, between the cover for water supply and drainage manholes and well seat that the utility model mechanical brakeman can be used for being provided with on the road surface, can prevent effectively that well lid from jolting and noise through out-of-date generation at vehicle.Concrete grammar is, the mechanical brakeman that sisal hemp is made is placed in the slit, side and slit, below of well lid and well seat, leave suitably to cross and win, because mechanical brakeman has plasticity, under the wheel pressure effect, can press more real and more real, remaining elasticity is clamped well lid just firmly, owing to directly do not contact, do not bump between well lid and the well seat, so do not have and jolt and noise.Again since mechanical brakeman by sisal fiber braiding and be adsorbed with modified pitch, tensile strength is very high, abrasion-proof corrosion-proof though it has certain elasticity, can not resemble and the phenomenon that creep is extruded take place the rubber material, so long service life, reliable performance.

Except that the mode of braiding, also can adopt mode such as weaving to process the utility model mechanical brakeman.

Except that the jute material, some other natural or man-made fibre material with excellent abrasive resistance and toughness also can be used to process the utility model mechanical brakeman, as sisal fiber, Limonene bastose, cotton fiber, bamboo fibre, monkey grass, glass fibre, rock wool fibers, acrylic fiber, nylon fibre, polyster fibre, nylon fiber or steel fiber of being difficult for getting rusty etc.The high adhesion material that uses in the course of working can also adopt resin materials (comprising copal material and synthetic resin material) such as pitch, emulsified pitch or acrylic acid except that the modified pitch of mentioning in this example, also can realize good effect.

In addition, if can will re-use after the utility model mechanical brakeman elder generation pre-compacted, the bearing capacity of mechanical brakeman is higher, and resilience is littler, and using effect is better.

Embodiment two

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 2, be with embodiment one difference, the cotton rope that anti-skidding pad 1 is made by sisal fiber is formed by weaving, what particularly point out is, for improving the elasticity of mechanical brakeman, when making cotton rope, also in sisal fiber, sneak into a certain proportion of high elasticity nylon fiber.Soak with adhesion material then, adhesion material is mixed by emulsified pitch, acrylic acid and cement, gypsum, mica flour and French chalk, also be added with frictional force reinforcing material rosin in addition, make adhesion material fully be adsorbed in the hole of lamination coating and woven gap, extrude unnecessary adhesion material with the method for machinery again, utilize the press machine squeezing closely knit after drying, obtain the utility model mechanical brakeman, its surface is provided with the concaveconvex structure of fin 2 and groove 3 formations, and fin 2 and groove 3 are provided with at interval.

Because anti-skidding pad 1 surface is provided with concaveconvex structure, if be connected with the convex-concave structure of the adjacent objects corresponding setting in surface, then adjacent objects can be spacing better, is difficult for slippage more, and non-skid property can greatly be strengthened.Except that the interval of mentioning in this example is provided with fin and groove formation concaveconvex structure, also can directly local crowning or groove be set in the bath mat surface, also can realize same function.

Advantages such as mechanical brakeman is because through the excess pressure precompressed, so quality is more closely knit, and its intensity is big, and rigidity is more suitable for requirement of engineering, and it is little to have resilience in the using process, and bearing capacity is big, friction factor especially can be up to more than 1.5.

For improving the elasticity of the utility model mechanical brakeman, remove and in the lamination coating of the anti-skidding pad of processing, to add elastic fiber material, can also be at lamination coating surface attachment elastic material, for example, after utilizing lamination coating to make cotton rope, hang very thin one deck rubber material again on the cotton rope surface, and then the cotton rope that utilizes gained to have the elastic caoutchouc film weaves anti-skidding pad, also can play increases flexible effect.Certainly directly utilize elastic fiber material to make anti-skidding pad and also can realize same purpose.

Embodiment three

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 3 is that with embodiment one difference anti-skidding pad 1 is pressed into and is formed by the anti-skidding pad 1a of son, 1b, 1c, 1d.The anti-skidding pad 1a of son, 1b, 1c, 1d are formed by the cotton rope braiding that glass fibre is made respectively, and utilize emulsified pitch to soak, make the floating asphalt-ing material fully be adsorbed with in the hole of glass fibre and in the woven gap of cotton rope, with the method for pressure roller extruding unnecessary emulsified bituminous materials is discharged then and dry.

The advantage of such mechanical brakeman is, changes the quantity of sub anti-skidding pad, just can control the total thickness of mechanical brakeman.The anti-skidding pad of each piece in the particularly this mechanical brakeman all has independently, with whole identical non-skid property, can not influence whole non-skid property even therefore peel off between sub anti-skidding pad yet.Again since in the mechanical brakeman employed high adhesion material be different from binder on the common meaning, it is very little in vertical cohesion, can be easy to just each sub anti-skidding pad be separated, the quantity that therefore can increase or reduce sub anti-skidding pad is as required at any time adjusted the thickness of mechanical brakeman, can not have influence on the performance of mechanical brakeman fully, very efficient and convenient, be particularly suitable for the installation adjustment of job site.

Embodiment four

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 4 is with embodiment one difference, in order to improve applicability, strengthens the wear-resisting property of anti-bundle of mechanical brakeman, builds on anti-skidding pad 1 surface wear-resisting anti-bundles that concrete material makes layers 4 is set.

The purposes of this type of mechanical brakeman is very extensive, as shown in Figure 5, on steel bridge 8, be provided with when ballast bed, prick bad steel bridge face anticorrosive coat and cause the bridge floor corrosion for preventing rubble 5, between steel bridge 8 and rubble 5, lay the utility model mechanical brakeman, sleeper 7 and rail 6 are set on rubble again.Up under the object action of gravity, mechanical brakeman contacts with bridge floor in the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed bridge floor, produces up to more than 1.0, even surpasses 2.0 friction factor, is fixed in bridge floor firmly.Again owing to be provided with wear-resisting anti-bundles layer of concrete material, so rubble can not puncture mechanical brakeman, can effectively protect bridge floor.In addition, because the utility model mechanical brakeman adopted new anti-skidding principle, needn't worry because of the play slippage easily takes place light weight, so concrete abrasion-resistant is anti-pricks thinner that layer can be provided with, the thickness of whole mechanical brakeman can be controlled at about 50mm, even thinner.Concrete protective plate about the thickness 200mm that replaces adopting at present with such mechanical brakeman; just can reduce the railway roadbed gross weight greatly; the load of steel bridge beam can be optimized structure after reducing; save steel; owing to avoided directly contacting with rubble, can be fully protected the working life of steel bridge simultaneously.

Except that the normal concrete of mentioning in this example, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer can also utilize other concrete materials such as resin concrete or fibre reinforced concrete to make.In addition, wear-resisting anti-bundle layer also can by flexible polyureas, engineering plastics, PVC material, elasticity polyurethane, abrasive rubber or above-mentioned material is compound be made.According to the difference of material, can also utilize modes such as bonding, hot melt, spraying, coating or sulfuration to be closely as one between wear-resisting anti-bundle layer and the anti-skidding pad.

What deserves to be mentioned is, wear-resisting anti-the utility model mechanical brakeman of pricking layer be not set also can be applied to steel bridge and lay ballast bedly that only pierced through by rubble for preventing, it is thicker that anti-skidding pad should be provided with, as be not less than 10mm.Like this, mechanical brakeman is placed between rubble and the bridge floor as the ballast aggregate pad, under railway roadbed deadweight effect, mechanical brakeman contacts with bridge floor in the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed bridge floor, generation is up to more than 1.0, even 2.0 above friction factor, is fixed in bridge floor firmly.Because mechanical brakeman has certain plasticity, rubble and mechanical brakeman also coadaptation are mutually set up more firm cooperation, be difficult for play takes place, so railway roadbed are very stable.In addition, mechanical brakeman thickness is when 10mm is above, and rubble can not puncture mechanical brakeman, can effectively protect bridge floor.Utilize this mechanical brakeman to replace original thickness 200mm concrete slab, thickness is thinner, and quality is lighter, helps further reducing the ballast bed structure gross weight, saves steel thereby alleviate bridge load.

Except having function such as anti-skidding anti-bundle, because the Young's modulus of mechanical brakeman is far below rubble or concrete, mechanical brakeman can also be blocked the transmission of solid-borne noise, plays the effect of noise reduction, if steel bridge, the mechanical brakeman of 10mm can noise reduction 5-7dBA.If the thickness of mechanical brakeman, also has significantly vibration isolation effect greater than being provided with elastomeric fiber or elastic material in 10mm or the mechanical brakeman, thickness is big more, and vibration isolating effect is good more.

Embodiment five

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 6, be with embodiment four difference, for the ease of with the top object localization, strengthen and being connected of top object, at the wear-resisting anti-concaveconvex structure that layer 4 surface are provided with fin 10 and groove 11 formations of pricking, fin 10 and groove 11 are provided with at interval.In addition, in order to strengthen wear-resisting anti-intensity of pricking layer, also be provided with the reinforced layer 9 that wire gaze constitutes in the layer wear-resisting anti-the bundle.

Except that the interval of mentioning in this example is provided with fin and groove formation concaveconvex structure, also can directly local crowning or groove be set at the wear-resisting laminar surface of anti-the bundle, also can realize same function.Except that wire gaze, can also utilize structures such as reinforcing mesh, fleece in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, to construct reinforced layer, and can in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, a plurality of reinforced layers be set simultaneously.

Embodiment six

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 7 is with embodiment five difference, adds short fibre and constitute a surperficial reinforced layer 12 in wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 top concrete material.Since the existence of surperficial reinforced layer 12, the more wear-resisting anti-bundle of the utility model mechanical brakeman, not easy to crack, longer service life.

Embodiment seven

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 8 is with embodiment five difference, is to reduce difficulty of processing, reduces cost of production, is embedded concaveconvex structures that some stones 13 substitute the surface on wear-resisting anti-layer 4 surface of pricking.In addition, prick being connected between layer 4 and the anti-skidding pad 1 for reinforced wear-resistant is anti-, the concaveconvex structure that constitutes by fin 2 and groove 3 in anti-skidding pad 1 upper surface setting, the corresponding wear-resisting anti-convex-concave structure that layer 4 lower surface are provided with fin 10 and groove 11 formations of pricking is utilized concaveconvex structure to cooperate wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 and anti-skidding pad 1 is linked into an integrated entity.

Except that stone, can also be embedded some tinsels, wire, sand grains or ceramic plate on wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 surface, also can play identical effect.

Embodiment eight

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in Figure 9 is that with embodiment four difference between anti-skidding pad 1 and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 elasitic layer 14 that rubber material is made is set, adhesion is integral between the three.

Because be provided with the elasitic layer that elastic material constitutes, the utility model mechanical brakeman can be realized higher vibration-damping function, only need to improve the thickness of elasitic layer, can improve the damping property of mechanical brakeman.Elasitic layer 14 can also adopt the elasticity urethane or like materials to make, and can utilize the pourable performance of elasticity polyurethane directly anti-skidding pad 1 and wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 to be cast for one.By according to the material difference, can also utilize between elasitic layer and anti-skidding pad and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer and build, spray, apply or mode such as sulfuration is closely as one.

Embodiment nine

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in figure 10 is the wear-resisting anti-reinforced concrete constructions that layer 4 adopts the reinforcement cage cast concretes to constitute of pricking with embodiment eight difference.Utilizing the surperficial separately concaveconvex structure that cooperatively interacts that is provided with to be connected to each other between elasitic layer 14 and anti-skidding pad 1 and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4 is integral.Spacing for the ease of top supporting object, on wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4, also be provided with shoulder block 15.

When being applied to railway ballast, as shown in figure 11, the utility model mechanical brakeman is placed on the surface of base 16, on wear-resisting anti-bundle layer 4, utilize shoulder block 15 spacing filling out to establish rubble 5, sleeper 7 is set on rubble 5, set up rail 6 on the sleeper 7.Under railway roadbed deadweight effect, the anti-skidding pad that is arranged in the bottom contacts the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed surface of base 16 with surface of base 16, produces up to more than 1.0, even 2.0 above friction factor, be fixed in surface of base 16 firmly, so railway roadbed is very stable.Again owing to have elasitic layer 14 in the mechanical brakeman, when rail vehicle vibrates through producing, can effectively absorb vibrational energy, its intensity was significantly weakened when therefore vibration reached surface of base again through the utility model mechanical brakeman, can effectively reduce interference, not only environmental protection but also durable to peripheral resident and building.

In addition, the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer in the utility model mechanical brakeman both can prefabrication, but also cast in situs all realizes the mechanization operation easily, and it is very convenient to construct.

Embodiment ten

The utility model mechanical brakeman directly vulcanizes the elasitic layer 14 that more wear-resisting nitrile rubber material formation is set on the anti-skidding pad 1 as shown in figure 12.

When being applied to railway ballast, as shown in figure 13, the utility model mechanical brakeman is layed on the steel bridge floor 25 of steel bridge beam, on mechanical brakeman, places the ballast bed of track plate 20 of floating, on track is floated plate 20, sleeper 7 is set then, set up rail 6 on the sleeper 7.Under railway roadbed deadweight effect, the anti-skidding pad that is arranged in the bottom contacts the both macro and micro coarse structure that a side can embed steel bridge floor 25 with steel bridge floor 25, generation is up to more than 1.0, even the friction factor more than 2.0, make anti-skidding pad fixedly be attached at steel bridge floor 25 firmly, so railway roadbed is very stable.Owing to have elasitic layer 14 in the mechanical brakeman, when rail vehicle vibrates through producing, can effectively absorb vibrational energy, its intensity was significantly weakened when therefore vibration reached surface of base again through the utility model mechanical brakeman, can effectively reduce interference, not only environmental protection but also durable to peripheral resident and building.

In order to make the track plate 20 of floating better spacing on mechanical brakeman, projection 27 can also be set on elasitic layer 14, the groove that utilizes projection 27 and track to float on the plate 20 matches, and the relative position that track is floated between plate 20 and the mechanical brakeman in the horizontal direction is more stable.

Embodiment 11

The utility model mechanical brakeman as shown in figure 14 is with embodiment eight difference, is provided with metal stamper spring 17 in the elasitic layer 14.

Owing to set up metal stamper spring 17, improved vertical stiffness greatly, when thicker elasitic layer 14 is set, is unlikely to make undue reduction of vertical stiffness of system and causes unstability.Again because when having adopted thicker elasitic layer, therefore mechanical brakeman can absorb more vibrational energy, and the anti-vibration performance of such mechanical brakeman is better, and antifatigue more, durability is better, is particularly suitable for the engineering application places that load is big, vibration is strong such as railway ballast.

Certainly,, under the situation that elasitic layer thickness is fit to, also helical steel springs, leaf spring or other springs can be set in elasitic layer, also can realize same effect based on this routine described technological scheme.

Embodiment 12

As shown in figure 15, the utility model mechanical brakeman comprises two anti-skidding subpad bodies 1, and the elasitic layer 14 of rubber material is set between the anti-skidding subpad body 1.When being applied to the ballasted track railway roadbed, rail 6 and sleeper 7 are arranged on the ballast aggregate 5, and the utility model mechanical brakeman is laid in the ballast aggregate 5.

This ballasted track ballast bed structure, owing in ballastway, set up the utility model mechanical brakeman, make the ballast aggregate position of mechanical brakeman both sides more fixing on the one hand, can effectively alleviate rail vehicle and cause the crowded mutually fragmentation of rolling over, increase the service life greatly through out-of-date ballast aggregate play; Secondly,, therefore can effectively absorb vibrational energy, play the effect of vibration isolation, can effectively alleviate its below ballast aggregate simultaneously because of squeezing the damaged degree that takes place of rolling over owing to contain elasticity layer in the mechanical brakeman; The 3rd, when needs are safeguarded the replacing mechanical brakeman, the ballast aggregate that only removes the mechanical brakeman top can be finished the replacing of mechanical brakeman, the same ballast aggregate of backfill mechanical brakeman top that only needs can come into operation again, compare traditional ballast aggregate pad of being arranged at ballast aggregate below (need remove whole ballast aggregates, and after changing the ballast aggregate pad the whole ballast aggregate of backfill), its workload significantly reduces, shorten engineering time greatly, helps significantly reducing maintenance cost.

Common resilient sleeper-bearing or ballast aggregate pad cannot be used in the middle of the ballast aggregate, because existing ballast aggregate pad and resilient sleeper-bearing surface friction coefficient are little, and pad easily wriggles, and uses the back railway roadbed stability of a system relatively poor.And the surface friction coefficient of the utility model mechanical brakeman can reach 1.5 and even 2.0, and resilience is little, and bearing capacity is big, so the stability of a system is guaranteed, so can be applied in the ballast aggregate.

Remove and be applied to the ballast aggregate China and foreign countries, the utility model mechanical brakeman can also be applied between ballast aggregate and the basis, and also possess and more many advantage than existing product, the advantage on performance, if when being applied to the ballast aggregate bottom, use traditional ballast aggregate pad requirement base surface need harden smooth well, otherwise be prone to problem such as pierce through, tear, this has increased engineering cost greatly, and the utility model mechanical brakeman only needs base surface is carried out common sclerosis even only need tamp satisfying usage requirement, so Economy is better.

To sum up, in quarrel road bed system is arranged, also can in ballast aggregate and under ballast aggregate, use the utility model mechanical brakeman, better effects if simultaneously.

Embodiment 13

As shown in figure 16, the utility model mechanical brakeman comprises two anti-skidding subpad bodies 1, and the elasitic layer 14 of elasticity polyurethane material is set between the anti-skidding subpad body 1.Be applied to ballasted track road bed system and when being used with sleeper, rail 6 and sleeper 7 are arranged on the ballastway 5, between sleeper 7 and ballast aggregate 5 mechanical brakeman are set.Under the weight of rail vehicle, the anti-skidding pad 1 of mechanical brakeman can embed in the both macro and micro surface roughness of the sleeper 7 that is in contact with it and ballast aggregate 5, therefore between sleeper 7 and the ballast aggregate 5 play does not take place, can effectively prevent train spreading breakage mutually through between out-of-date sleeper and ballast aggregate, the working life that can effectively improve bed system.

Owing to comprise elasitic layer in the utility model mechanical brakeman, therefore also have the function of vibration damping again, cost performance is higher.

Claims

1, a kind of mechanical brakeman comprises anti-skidding pad, it is characterized in that anti-skidding pad is made of durability and the good lamination coating of pull resistance, and is adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber or is attached with adhesion material at fiber surface.

2, mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cotton rope that anti-skidding pad is made by lamination coating processes through braiding or weaving, and is adsorbed with adhesion material between cotton rope in the hole or in the cotton rope surface attachment adhesion material is arranged.

3, mechanical brakeman according to claim 1, it is characterized in that lamination coating comprises natural fibre and artificial fiber, wherein, natural fibre comprises sisal fiber, jute fiber, Limonene bastose, cotton fiber, bamboo fibre or monkey grass, and artificial fiber comprises glass fibre, rock wool fibers, acrylic fiber, nylon fibre, polyster fibre, nylon fiber or the steel fiber that is difficult for getting rusty.

4, mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that adhesion material is viscoelastic material, plastic material or resin material, comprises pitch, modified pitch, emulsified pitch, copal, synthetic resin or its combination.

5, mechanical brakeman according to claim 1 is characterized in that being added with in the adhesion material frictional force reinforcing material, and the frictional force reinforcing material comprises rosin or carbon black.

6, mechanical brakeman according to claim 2 is characterized in that containing elastomeric fiber in the anti-skidding pad, or fiber surface is with elastic material, or the cotton rope surface is with elastic material.

7,, it is characterized in that the bath mat surface is provided with concaveconvex structure according to the arbitrary described mechanical brakeman of claim 1-6.

8, mechanical brakeman according to claim 7, it is characterized in that anti-skidding pad comprises one or more layers anti-skidding subpad body, squeeze again after each anti-skidding subpad body is weaved by fiber or cotton rope respectively and form, and be adsorbed with adhesion material in the internal void of fiber or cotton rope, fiber or cotton rope surface attachment have adhesion material.

9, mechanical brakeman according to claim 8 is characterized in that being provided with between bath mat surface or the anti-skidding subpad body elasitic layer that elastic material constitutes.

10, mechanical brakeman according to claim 8 is characterized in that the bath mat surface is provided with wear-resisting anti-bundle layer.

11, mechanical brakeman according to claim 8 is characterized in that being provided with the elasitic layer that elastic material constitutes between the layer at anti-skidding pad and wear-resisting anti-the bundle.

12,, it is characterized in that wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is made of normal concrete, resin concrete or fibre reinforced concrete according to claim 10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans.

13,, it is characterized in that wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is by flexible polyureas, elasticity polyurethane, engineering plastics, PVC, abrasive rubber or above-mentioned material is compound constitutes according to claim 10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans.

14, according to claim 9,10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans, it is characterized in that between anti-skidding pad and the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer, or between anti-skidding pad and the elasitic layer, or between wear-resisting anti-bundle layer and the elasitic layer by build, bonding, hot melt, spraying, coating or vulcanization be closely as one.

15,, it is characterized in that wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is or/and the elasitic layer surface is provided with concaveconvex structure according to claim 9,10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans.

16, mechanical brakeman according to claim 15 is characterized in that anti-skidding pad and wear-resisting anti-bundle layer or elasitic layer combine by concaveconvex structure.

17,, it is characterized in that being provided with reinforcing mesh, wire gaze, fleece or short fibre in the wear-resisting anti-bundle layer according to claim 10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans.

18,, it is characterized in that the wear-resisting laminar surface of anti-the bundle is embedded with stone, sand grains, tinsel or ceramic plate according to claim 10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans.

19,, it is characterized in that wear-resisting anti-bundle layer is provided with shoulder block according to claim 10 or 11 described mechanical brakemans.

20, mechanical brakeman according to claim 9 is characterized in that being provided with in the elasitic layer spring.