CN101746375A - 用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备 - Google Patents

用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101746375A
CN101746375A CN200910161696A CN200910161696A CN101746375A CN 101746375 A CN101746375 A CN 101746375A CN 200910161696 A CN200910161696 A CN 200910161696A CN 200910161696 A CN200910161696 A CN 200910161696A CN 101746375 A CN101746375 A CN 101746375A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
vehicle
control unit
equipment
control
drive wheels
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN200910161696A
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English (en)
Inventor
丁相炫
金连镐
孔承基
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Hyundai Motor Co, Kia Motors Corp filed Critical Hyundai Motor Co
Publication of CN101746375A publication Critical patent/CN101746375A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
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Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆的控制单元，包括用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备。该设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，所述驱动电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，所述设备可以包括：车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于计算再生量并且相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及控制单元，该控制单元控制变速装置，从而在所述驱动电动机减速再生的情况下，所述电动机的力矩增大。

Description

用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2008年11月28日申请的韩国专利申请第10-2008-0120113的优先权，上述申请的全部内容结合于此用于这种引用的所有目的。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的控制单元，更具体地，本发明涉及用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备。
背景技术
一般地，电动车辆通过使用储存在电池中的电能由电动机驱动，并且电动车辆是使用电动机的驱动力矩作为车辆的主要动力源或辅助动力源的车辆。
普遍地，术语“电动车辆”指只使用电力的车辆，从而将它与混合动力车辆相区别。
在本说明书中，电动车辆被阐述为包括只通过电力工作的电动车辆和混合动力车辆，即，使用储存在电池中的电能作为车辆的驱动力的车辆。
由在制动电动车辆时发生的制动力的一部分产生的电能的使用已经被发展。
也就是说，通过使用由车辆的速度产生的动能的一部分作为用于驱动发电机的能量，动能的减小(即行驶速度的降低)和电能的产生同时执行。
由于当驾驶员意图改变电动车辆的方向时，电动车辆趋于沿直线继续前进，所以首先通过电制动力使电动车辆减速，然后改变车辆的行驶方向。
上述过程被称为反向制动(plugging)，即该过程将电池的电能转化为机械制动能量从而制动电动车辆。
此外，驱动电动机使用施加到其上的惯性力引起的力矩产生电力然后将电力充电到电池中的方法，称为再生制动。
在再生制动的情况下，能够由单独的发电机或者通过驱动所述驱动电动机作为发电机而产生电能。
通过液压产生制动力的液压制动系统也被设置在电动车辆上。
这是因为通过上述的过程形成的制动力是不够的，由于再生制动力仅通过连接到电动机的驱动车轮产生，不能实现车辆的动态控制。
因此，经由驾驶员操作刹车踏板的液压制动力被附加到再生制动力上。
并且，如图3中所示的根据现有技术的实验结果，在车辆停止前的换档控制的情况下，在外围部分“B”处发生电动机的反向转动。
这时，由于电动机的反向转动而从自动变速装置内泄露燃油导致变速装置的控制没有发挥作用，从而由于换档冲击过大而使得自动变速装置的耐久性变差。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的一般背景技术的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面涉及提供用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备，通过在换档过程前使电动机力矩增大，并且通过防止电动机在换档过程中反向地转动，该设备具有改进变速装置的耐久性和换档感觉的优点。
在本发明的一个方面中，用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，所述驱动电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，所述设备可以包括：车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于确定再生量并且相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及控制单元，该控制单元控制变速装置，从而在所述驱动电动机减速再生的情况下，所述电动机的力矩增大。
所述减速再生可以在车辆的减档过程中实现。
所述用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备可以进一步包括速度传感器，该速度传感器检测车辆速度，其中，所述控制单元控制所述变速装置，从而当由所述速度传感器检测到的车辆速度降低到预定速度时，速度降低速率是增大的。
所述用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备可以进一步包括液压制动器，该液压制动器制动所述驱动车轮，其中在预定时间段内强加再生量的同时所述控制单元增大所述液压制动器的力，从而补充所述驱动车轮的制动力。
在本发明的另一方面中，用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，该电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，该设备可以包括：变速装置，该变速装置实现多档速度；车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及控制单元，该控制单元控制变速装置，从而在所述驱动电动机的减速再生的情况下，所述电动机的力矩增大，其中在接合控制(engagement control)的情况下所述换档控制单元执行负荷控制(duty control)。
在本发明的另一方面中，用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，该驱动电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，该设备可以包括实现多档速度的变速装置；车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及控制单元，该控制单元根据再生力矩控制接合元件或者释放元件的控制液压。
通过纳入本文的附图以及随后与附图一起用于说明本发明的某些原理的具体实施方式，本发明的方法和装置所具有的其它特征和优点将变得清楚或更为具体地得以阐明。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的用于控制车辆的再生制动的示例性设备的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的示例性实验结果的曲线图。
图3是根据现有技术的实验结果的曲线图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细地参考本发明的各个实施方式，这些实施方式的实例被显示在附图中并描述如下。尽管本发明将与示例性实施方式相结合进行描述，但是应当意识到，本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施方式。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方式，而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种选择形式、修改形式、等价形式及其它实施方式。
图1是根据本发明的各种实施例的用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备的示意图，图2是根据本发明的各种实施例的实验结果的曲线图，图3是根据现有技术的实验结果的曲线图。
参考图1，在下文中将示意性地解释适合于本发明的各种实施例的平行类型的常规混合动力车辆。
常规地，混合动力车辆系统包括主电池100、逆变器101、电动机102、车辆控制单元103、发动机104、能量传递部分105、变速装置106以及驱动车轮107。
主电池100可以是燃料电池的常规电容器。
根据混合电子控制单元(ECU)的驱动信号，逆变器101将来自主电池100的DC电压变换为AC电压，然后AC电压经由三相电源线被提供到电动机102，从而在反向或再生模式下驱动电动机102。
电动机102通过逆变器101被开动，然后输出预定力矩到变速装置106。
并且，电动机102通过驱动车轮107的能量产生AC电压，并且产生的AC电压通过3相电源线提供给逆变器101。
驱动车轮107可以包括轴(未标示)和轮胎(未标示)。
轮胎被安装在轴处，从而通过经由能量传递齿轮从轴传递的能量转动。
此外，电动机102包括转动速度传感器，其将检测到的转动速度信号输出到车辆控制单元103。
车辆控制单元103可以是常规的混合ECU。
当由刹车踏板位置检测到车辆速度的减小时，车辆控制单元103产生用于控制变速装置106的换档信号，从而增加变速装置106的速度减小速率。
此外，车辆控制单元103基于刹车踏板位置计算所需的制动力。
基于从所需的制动力、主电池100的充电状态(SOC)以及转动速度信号所得的电动机102的转动速度，车辆控制单元103计算电动机102的再生量，从而进一步计算再生量的所需制动力的分配。
在这样做过程中，车辆控制单元103产生指示计算出的分配的再生信号，并且将它输出到制动ECU。
车辆控制单元103从制动ECU接收再生允许量信号，基于该再生允许量信号计算电动机102的潜在再生量，并且进一步产生用于驱动逆变器101的驱动信号，从而电动机102产生计算出的再生量并且将它输出到逆变器101。
此外，对于发动机104的输出所需要的能量，车辆控制单元103将信号传送到发动机控制单元。
发动机控制单元驱动发动机104，从而发动机104输出通过车辆控制单元103命令的能量。
更具体地，发动机控制单元驱动发动机104，从而通过控制燃料喷射量和发动机速度输出预定能量。
在下文中，将详细描述根据本发明的各种实施例的用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备。
首先，电动机控制单元确定在车辆换档过程中是否发生了发动机102的反向转动。
此时，如果电动机102的反向转动被确定，电动机力矩的增大量被控制以进一步增大。
如图2所示，例如，当4速→3速的减档过程中，实现电动机力矩的增大(即力矩干涉)，变速装置106的接合负荷(engagement duty)增大以便完成换档过程。
参考图2的“A”部分，由于电动机力矩的增大，发动机速度一定程度上减小，从而防止电动机102的反向转动。
因此，通过防止由电动机102的反向转动引起的换档冲击，换档感觉可以被改进。
前面对本发明具体示例性实施方式所呈现的描述是出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并不想要成为毫无遗漏的，也不是想要把本发明限制为所公开的精确形式，显然，根据上述教导很多改变和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施方式并进行描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方式及其不同选择形式和修改形式。本发明的范围意在由所附权利要求书及其等价形式所限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备，该设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，所述驱动电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，所述设备包括：
车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于确定再生量并且相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及
控制单元，该控制单元控制变速装置，从而在所述驱动电动机减速再生的情况下，所述电动机的力矩增大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述减速再生在车辆的减档过程中实现。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，进一步包括速度传感器，该速度传感器检测车辆速度，
其中所述控制单元控制所述变速装置，从而当由所述速度传感器检测到的车辆速度降低到预定速度时，速度降低速率是增大的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，进一步包括液压制动器，该液压制动器制动所述驱动车轮，
其中在预定时间段内强加再生量的同时所述控制单元增大所述液压制动器的力，从而补充所述驱动车轮的制动力。
5.一种用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备，该设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，该电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，该设备包括：
变速装置，该变速装置实现多档速度；
车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及
控制单元，该控制单元控制变速装置，从而在所述驱动电动机的减速再生的情况下，所述电动机的力矩增大。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中在接合控制的情况下所述换档控制单元执行负荷控制。
7.一种用于控制车辆的再生制动的设备，该设备具有驱动车轮和驱动电动机，该驱动电动机驱动所述驱动车轮，包括：
变速装置，该变速装置实现多档速度；
车辆控制单元，该车辆控制单元用于相应于计算出的再生量分配目标制动力；以及
控制单元，该控制单元根据再生力矩控制接合元件或者释放元件的控制液压。
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CN101239588A (zh) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-13 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆、动力输出设备、驱动系统以及它们的控制方法

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CN102791555A (zh) * 2010-12-02 2012-11-21 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆控制装置
CN102791555B (zh) * 2010-12-02 2015-11-25 丰田自动车株式会社 车辆控制装置
CN104249738A (zh) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 现代自动车株式会社 用于环保型车辆的再生制动的控制设备和方法
CN104249738B (zh) * 2013-06-27 2018-04-24 现代自动车株式会社 用于环保型车辆的再生制动的控制设备和方法
CN104417545A (zh) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-18 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 最大化可用再生同时维持线性车辆减速率的方法
WO2023098465A1 (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-08 江苏大学 一种电动汽车制动换挡控制方法及系统

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