CN101738382A - Transformer failure gas monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Transformer failure gas monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101738382A CN101738382A CN200810181820A CN200810181820A CN101738382A CN 101738382 A CN101738382 A CN 101738382A CN 200810181820 A CN200810181820 A CN 200810181820A CN 200810181820 A CN200810181820 A CN 200810181820A CN 101738382 A CN101738382 A CN 101738382A
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Abstract
The invention relates to transformer failure gas monitoring system and method. The transformer failure gas monitoring system adopts an oil-gas separating device (100) and comprises an optical fiber gas sensor (200) of a distributed feedback type laser (206), wherein the oil-gas separating device (100) separates a failure gas in a transformer to a gas chamber (104); the output light of the distributed feedback type laser (206) in the optical fiber gas sensor (200) is transmitted to an optical fiber gas sensing head (201) of the gas chamber (104) and transmitted to an optical detector (202) to carry out photoelectric conversion; and then the output light is transmitted to a bandpass filter (203) to be filtered and amplified and input into a FPGA (204) and an industrial personal computer (208) to carry out analysis so as to perform judgment on the condition of the transformer. The system and the method enable a plurality of different gas sensing heads to share a same set of light source and detecting system and realize the simultaneous measurement of low cost, multipoint and a plurality of gases.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power failure monitoring system and method, more particularly, relate to a kind of transformer failure gas monitoring system and method.
Background technology
Transformer is one of electrical equipment most important and expensive in the electric system, and in a single day it break down, and will cause serious loss and consequence.In order effectively to improve the reliability of electric system and to find the latency fault in advance, suitable detection and maintenance are indispensable.Under normal circumstances, the insulating oil of oil-filled transformer inside and solid insulating material can wear out and decompose under thermoelectric stress gradually, produce different gas, comprising hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethene, acetylene, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide etc.When transformer existed the overheated or electric fault of latency, the generation speed of these gases just can be accelerated, and portion gas can be dissolved in the insulating oil.The relative concentration of failure gas and formation speed thereof depend primarily on the trouble spot energy and the order of severity in the oil, so according to the concentration and the variation thereof of monitoring these gases, can infer further just whether transformer inside exists latency fault and type thereof.
At present, dissolved gas analysis (Dissolved Gas Analysis) is diagnosis and monitors one of effective method of large-scale oil-filled transformer latency fault.And monitoring method is broadly divided into off-line and online two kinds.Off-line monitoring mainly sees through and extract oil sample from transformer, carries out gas-oil separation in the laboratory, uses the content of gas chromatograph for determination gas with various again, and this program minimum every half a year to one year carries out once, with the ruuning situation of monitoring transformer.But there is shortcoming significantly in off-line analysis, be exactly that it can not effectively monitor the real-time status of transformer twice inspection period, and show according to relevant transformer fault statistics, catastrophic discontinuityfailure has accounted for high-tension transformer accident quite great proportion, this shows, the on-line monitoring of transformer strengthen the stability of electric system, in time find incipient fault, provide and can play decisive role aspect transformer aging conditions data and the self-criticism maintenance period.The gas-oil separation technology that the on-line monitoring system general using is different allows the failure gas that is dissolved in the oil be penetrated into air chamber, by the content of the air-sensitive component detection failure gas in the air chamber and convert the electric signal of corresponding power to and reach the purpose of on-line monitoring.
At the gas-oil separation technical elements, what on-line monitoring system adopted at most is the polymeric membrane such as the polytetrafluoroethylene film of slab construction, and its advantage is simple in structure, and air penetrability height, physical strength are good, oil resistant and high temperature resistant etc.Other gas-oil separation technology also comprises capillary column, blood dialysis and hollow fiber pipe unit etc.And concussion degassing method that the laboratory stratographic analysis is generally used and vacuum outgas method, although application example is arranged in portable product because its complex structure, to stability requirement higher and difficulty be applied to on-line system.
In the on-line monitoring system on the market, the HYDRAN on-Line Monitor Device of the Canadian SYPROTEC of comparative maturity and mainly containing of being widely used company development.The gas detection technology of HYDRAN is to utilize fuel cell, by the failure gas generation electrochemical reaction different of oxygen in the air with four kinds, obtain the output electric signal relevant with failure gas after rectification amplification and temperature compensation, this signal is respectively hydrogen 1, carbon monoxide 0.18, acetylene 0.08, ethene 0.015 with the related coefficient of four kinds of different failure gas.The great advantage of device is exactly the little and comparatively robust of sensor bulk, the line service amount is few, and long working life, but utilize this gas detection technology that single output signal can only be provided, infer that to being used to the latent transformer fault type can not provide enough data.In recent years, many between the company of production relevant devices all endeavour to develop the monitoring system that can measure various faults gas simultaneously, wherein the research of on-line gas chromatography has accounted for exhausted major part, but because system complex and costliness, so be not widely adopted.Therefore, there are certain market demand and value in a kind of cost system lower and that can monitor the important failure gas of part.
Summary of the invention
One of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, at the said system complexity of prior art, cost height, defective that output signal is single, provides a kind of transformer failure gas monitoring system.
Two of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, at the said system complexity of prior art, cost height, defective that output signal is single, provides a kind of transformer failure gas monitoring method.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that one of its technical matters adopts: construct a kind of transformer failure gas monitoring system, comprise gas and oil separating plant and fiber gas sensor, described gas and oil separating plant comprises oil pump, grease chamber, air chamber, is arranged on the film between grease chamber and the air chamber, oil pump is delivered to the grease chamber to the insulating oil of transformer, after transformer is returned in the loop, the transformer failure gas in the insulating oil sees through film and enters air chamber insulating oil through the grease chamber; Described fiber gas sensor comprises laser temperature control and driving circuit and is attached thereto the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument of a plurality of different wavelength range that connect, and also comprises multichannel light detector, hyperchannel narrow band filter, FPGA, industrial computer, optoisolator, is arranged on the optical fiber gas sensing head in the described air chamber; Described FPGA control distributed feed-back formula laser instrument output light also reaches optoisolator, optical fiber gas sensing head, multichannel light detector, the multichannel light detector converts light signal to and delivers to the hyperchannel narrow band filter behind the electric signal and carry out bandpass filtering and amplification, deliver to FPGA again and carry out computing, the data of FPGA after with computing pass to the industrial computer analysis, the situation of transformer are made judgement.
In transformer failure gas monitoring system of the present invention, the number of described distributed Feedback formula laser instrument equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, and described wavelength coverage is the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene respectively; Described system utilizes three optical fiber gas sensing heads that described three kinds of gases are detected simultaneously, its course of work is as follows: the output light of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments is through optoisolator, be sent to three optical fiber gas sensing heads respectively, be resent to the multichannel light detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is sent to the hyperchannel bandpass filter again and carries out filtering and amplification, is input to FPGA and industrial computer again and analyzes and then the transformer situation is made judgement.
In transformer failure gas monitoring system of the present invention, described optical fiber gas sensing head is connected in series to calibrated optical fiber collimator by many, distance is 50 to 500 millimeters between every pair of optical fiber collimator, and polyphone quantity is decided the intensity and the needed detection sensitivity of light absorption according to gas with various, and described polyphone quantity is 2 to 50; Described optical fiber gas sensing head comprises by one or more skeletons with metal or other material, with fixing many to calibrated optical fiber collimator.
In transformer failure gas monitoring system of the present invention, the optical surface of described optical fiber collimator is coated with the antireflection film of different wave length, wherein, the operation wavelength of methane sensing head antireflection film is between 1.63 to 1.67 microns, the operation wavelength of acetylene sensing head antireflection film is between 1.51 to 1.54 microns, and the operation wavelength of ethene sensing head antireflection film is between 1.61 to 1.63 microns.
In transformer failure gas monitoring system of the present invention, described fiber gas sensor comprises also by optical fiber and is connected hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber between fiber coupler and the multichannel light detector that the output light in described optical fiber gas sensing head and hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber reaches the multichannel light detector and carries out opto-electronic conversion.
In transformer failure gas monitoring system of the present invention, described hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber is made of one section hollow optic fibre, weld mutually with solid core fibres at the two ends of described hollow optic fibre, the fiber core of described hollow optic fibre is full of reference gas, and described reference gas is respectively methane, acetylene and ethene.
The present invention solves a kind of technical scheme that two of its technical matters adopted: a kind of transformer failure gas detection method is provided, described method is utilized multiplex technique, simultaneously the concentration of multiple transformer failure gas is detected with single optical fiber gas sensing head, described method comprises the following steps:
A. by gas and oil separating plant the transformer failure gas in the transformer insulation oil is separated to air chamber;
B. the output light of the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument of many different wavelength range is sent to the single optical fiber gas sensing head that is arranged in the described air chamber with multiplex mode;
C. the optical fiber gas sensing head is exported the light of a plurality of different wavelength range, is sent to photo-detector through optical fiber and carries out opto-electronic conversion;
D. do signal Processing and analysis with being sent to narrow band filter, FPGA and industrial computer behind the electric signal demultiplexing after the opto-electronic conversion.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is a wave division multiplex mode, its course of work is as follows: the output light of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments is coupled to single single-mode fiber via one 3 * 3 fiber coupler, be sent to single optical fiber gas sensing head, again with wavelength division multiplexer with the light of 3 different wave lengths separately and be sent to the multichannel light detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is sent to FPGA and industrial computer is done signal Processing and analysis through the hyperchannel narrow band filter again.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is modulation frequency domain multiplexing mode, its course of work is as follows: with the signal of 3 the different modulating frequencies current-modulation as distributed feed-back formula laser instrument, the output light of three beams different modulating frequency is coupled to single single-mode fiber via one 3 * 3 fiber coupler, be resent to single optical fiber gas sensing head, carry out opto-electronic conversion afterwards again, these three different modulating frequencies, the narrow band filter that the electric signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively can be used as demodulation multiplexer them separately and amplify is sent to FPGA and industrial computer again and does signal Processing and analysis.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is a time division multiplexing mode, its course of work is as follows: the mode with the control injection current is controlled the on off state of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments three different periods, make each period have only the light beam of single wavelength to be transferred into single optical fiber gas sensing head via one 3 * 3 fiber coupler, the light signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is again by opto-electronic conversion and demodulation, and does signal Processing and analysis with narrow band filter, FPGA and industrial computer.
The present invention solves the another kind of technical scheme that two of its technical matters adopted, a kind of transformer failure gas detection method is provided, a shared cover light source and the detection system of described method, is that the failure gas of many transformers detect with multi-channel approach to multiple spot in conjunction with different multiplex techniques, and described method comprises the following steps:
A. in each transformer a gas and oil separating plant is installed, the transformer failure gas in the transformer insulation oil is separated to air chamber by gas and oil separating plant;
B. the output light of the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument of many different wave lengths can through fiber coupler coupling and beam splitting, be resent to the single optical fiber gas sensing head that is arranged in the described air chamber of each transformer with multiplex mode;
C. the light of different wavelength range is through the optical fiber gas sensing head, and is sent to the multichannel light detector and carries out opto-electronic conversion;
D. the electric signal after the opto-electronic conversion can be sent to narrow band filter, FPGA and industrial computer and do signal Processing and analysis.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is a wave division multiplex mode, its course of work is as follows: the output light of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments is coupled via a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber coupler, beam splitting is sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head of many transformers again, by a wavelength division multiplexer with the light of 3 different wave lengths separately and be sent to the multichannel light detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is sent to hyperchannel narrow band filter, FPGA and industrial computer again and does signal Processing and analysis again in the output of each optical fiber gas sensing head.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is modulation frequency domain multiplexing mode, its course of work is as follows: with the signal of 3 the different modulating frequencies current-modulation as distributed feed-back formula laser instrument, the output light of three beams different modulating frequency is coupled via a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber coupler, beam splitting is sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head of many transformers again, the output of each optical fiber gas sensing head is transferred into the multichannel light detector again and carries out opto-electronic conversion, these three different modulating frequencies, the narrow band filter that the electric signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively can be used as demodulation multiplexer them separately and amplify is sent to FPGA and industrial computer again and does signal Processing and analysis.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument equals 3, and wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns and 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns; Described multiplex mode is a time division multiplexing mode, mode with the control injection current is controlled the on off state of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments three different periods, make each period have only the light beam of single wavelength to be coupled via a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber coupler, beam splitting is sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head of many transformers again, the output of each optical fiber gas sensing head is transferred into the multichannel light detector again and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and with narrow band filter, FPGA and industrial computer signal is handled and analyzed.
In transformer failure gas detection method of the present invention, among the described step D, when industrial computer is done signal Processing and analysis, dimension triangle diagram method is worn in utilization, the gas concentration information that application measures judges that the oil-filled transformer internal fault is hot stall, the hot stall of temperature between 300 ℃ and 700 ℃ that belongs to shelf depreciation, low-yield discharge, high-energy discharge, temperature＜300 ℃, or the hot stall of temperature＞700 ℃.
Implement transformer failure gas detection system of the present invention and method, have following beneficial effect: system of the present invention adopts narrow, the high-power distributed feed-back formula of spectral line laser instrument, its output light can be used as the light source of multiple spot gas measurement system, can more effectively use resource to reach and further reduce cost; Also available same set of light source of the present invention and monitoring system, in conjunction with methods such as wavelength-division multiplex, modulation frequency domain multiplexing, time division multiplexes, realize low-cost multi-point sensing device network, simultaneously the concentration of the methane of a plurality of different monitoring points, acetylene and ethylene gas is detected.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a fiber-optic fiber gas Absorbing Sensor schematic diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is wavelength-modulated of the prior art/scanning, harmonic wave demodulation principle synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is used to monitor the structure diagram of the fiber-optic fiber gas monitoring system of transformer insulation oil failure gas for the present invention;
Fig. 4 is used for monitoring simultaneously the fiber gas sensor system schematic of methane, acetylene and ethylene gas for the present invention;
Fig. 5 gives an example with optical fiber gas sensing head (absorbing cavity) structural drawing that strengthens detection sensitivity for the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the fiber gas sensor system schematic that has the hollow optic fibre reference cavity of the prior art;
Fig. 7 is hollow photon band-gap optical fiber of the prior art (Crystal Fibre A/S, HC-1550-02) a reference cavity structural drawing;
Fig. 8 monitors the fiber optic sensor system synoptic diagram of methane, acetylene and ethylene gas simultaneously in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplex technique with single optical fiber gas sensing head for the present invention;
Fig. 9 monitors the fiber optic sensor system synoptic diagram of methane, acetylene and ethylene gas simultaneously in conjunction with modulation frequency domain multiplexing technology with single optical fiber gas sensing head for the present invention;
Figure 10 monitors the fiber optic sensor system synoptic diagram of methane, acetylene and ethylene gas simultaneously in conjunction with time-division multiplex technology with single optical fiber gas sensing head for the present invention;
Figure 11 makes the fiber optic sensor system synoptic diagram of multiple spot gasmetry in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplex technique with single group of light source (three wavelength near the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 1.66 microns, 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns) respectively for the present invention;
Figure 12 makes the fiber optic sensor system synoptic diagram of multiple spot gasmetry in conjunction with modulation frequency domain multiplexing technology with single group of light source (three wavelength near the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 1.66 microns, 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns) respectively for the present invention;
Figure 13 makes the fiber optic sensor system synoptic diagram of multiple spot gasmetry in conjunction with time-division multiplex technology with single group of light source (three wavelength near the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 1.66 microns, 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns) respectively for the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is based on the structural representation of the fiber-optic fiber gas measurement mechanism of principle of absorption.Fiber gas sensor based on principle of absorption is to utilize gas molecule vibration or rotation the absorption power of the spectrum of specific wavelength to be measured the concentration of this gas.Employing is a more feasible and ripe method based on the fiber gas sensor of infrared absorption principle.When measuring, if any a light source, its spectrum just is covered with one or more gaseous absorption line, and light will be decayed during by gas.With reference to figure 1, input optical fibre transports light to sensing head, and this sensing head is made up of the I/O GRIN Lens, the light of outgoing from optical fiber, through input lens collimation, become directional light and and the gas interaction, will couple light in the output optical fibre through output lens again.As input light intensity is I
0, output light intensity is I, the relation between they and the gas concentration can be described according to the Beer-Lambert law:
I＝I
Oexp[-α
o(λ)lC]
In this numerical expression, C represents gas concentration, is unit with ppm; L represents the action length (sensing length) of light and gas, is unit with cm; α
0(λ) be absorption coefficient, it is relevant with optical maser wavelength, generally gets maximal value in the gaseous absorption line center, and this coefficient is with regard to gas with various and absorb line and different.
In order to improve the sensitivity of fiber gas sensor, harmonic detecting technique generally all can be adopted application.The ultimate principle that harmonic wave detects is to utilize the light of a tunable narrow band laser (as distributed feed-back formula laser instrument) output one sinusoidal frequency modulation (wavelength), when the centre wavelength of laser instrument output light near the gas absorption peak, scan or and the gas absorption peak on time, owing to absorption coefficient α
0Wavelength dependency (λ), wavelength-modulated can be converted into intensity modulation, by the light intensity harmonic component is analyzed, just can obtain the information of gas concentration.For example, to punctual (as shown in Figure 2), will be proportional to the concentration of tested gas, therefore can be used for gas concentration measurement through the second harmonic component of light intensity after the gas absorption at laser center wavelength and absorption peak.The used gas sensor of the present invention is based on wavelength-modulated/scanning shown in Figure 2 and frequency analysis principle.
Fig. 3 is used to monitor the fiber-optic fiber gas monitoring system sketch of transformer insulation oil failure gas for the present invention.This system can be divided into two partly, comprises gas and oil separating plant 100 and fiber gas sensor 200.Gas and oil separating plant 100 utilizes oil pump 101 that insulating oil is delivered to grease chamber 102, insulating oil can return transformer after through grease chamber 102 through the loop, and a plurality of polytetrafluoroethylene films 103 are housed between grease chamber 102 and the air chamber 104 to carry out gas-oil separation, transformer failure gas can see through film 103 and enter air chamber, and the optical fiber gas sensing head 201 that the concentration of methane, acetylene and ethylene gas in the air chamber 104 can be placed in the air chamber 104 detects.With reference to figure 4, fiber gas sensor 200 comprises distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 206 and temperature control and driving circuit 205, optical fiber, optical fiber gas sensing head 201 (absorbing cavity), optoisolator 207, multichannel light detector 202, hyperchannel narrow band filter 203, field programmable gate array (FPGA) 204 and the industrial computer 208 of specific wavelength.
As shown in Figure 4, fiber gas sensor utilizes three distributed feed-back formulas (DFB) laser instrument 206 as light source.Their wavelength near 1.66 microns, 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns, can cover the gas absorption spectrum line of methane, acetylene and ethene respectively respectively.In system, make the gas absorption spectrum line of the centre wavelength scanning of its output light by the working temperature that changes Distributed Feedback Laser 206 through appointment, simultaneously by inject one by FPGA produce, frequency is f, and (sinusoidal signal of f=10kHz～500kHz) is done electric current (wavelength) modulation, detects to realize harmonic wave.Laser instrument output light after modulation can reach optical fiber gas sensing head 201 through optoisolator 207, reaches multichannel light detector 202 then and carries out opto-electronic conversion.Electric signal can carry out filtering and amplification through hyperchannel narrow band filter 203, and its frequency is one times of the current-modulation frequency or twice (once or second harmonic).Obtain once or second harmonic signal can be sent to a data acquisition module that invests FPGA 204 and carry out the A/D conversion, signal after the conversion can carry out phase-locked amplification detection by FPGA 204, and the data that obtain can be sent to industrial computer 208 and analyze and the situation of transformer is made judgement.
In order to strengthen the detection sensitivity of fiber gas sensor, native system has adopted a specially designed fiber-optic fiber gas absorbing cavity as the optical fiber gas sensing head, and Fig. 5 is one of structure legend of this optical fiber gas sensing head.This optical fiber gas sensing head is calibrated optical fiber collimator 215 is connected in series and is fixed on an annular or other shape skeleton 216 by M (M is 2 to 50), this skeleton 216 can metal or other material cause, the distance between the every pair of optical fiber collimator 215 is 50 to 500 millimeters.For every kind of gas, can use two or more independently absorbing cavities to be together in series, further increase the sensing length of optical fiber gas sensing head, the absorbing cavity total length of being made can be 1 to 10 meter.Disturb in order to lower the light signal that is caused because of the reflection of collimating apparatus optical surface, can plate the antireflective film of different wave length on the surface of these collimating apparatuss.Wherein, the operation wavelength of the antireflective film of methane sensing head is between 1.63 to 1.67 microns, the operation wavelength of the reflective film that the acetylene sensing head is anti-is between 1.51 to 1.54 microns, and the operation wavelength of the antireflective film of ethene sensing head is between 1.61 to 1.63 microns.
Because the absorption peak of general gas is very narrow, optical source wavelength might drift about and causes light source center wavelength departure absorption peak with environment, light source works time, and the intensity of light source also may change in time, and these factors all may cause measuring and error occurs.Adopted the method that adds the gas reference chamber to guarantee the accuracy of measuring, Fig. 6 is the fiber gas sensor system schematic that has hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber.Modulated laser instrument 206 output light are through optoisolator 207, and utilize fiber coupler 209 the light beam splitting, be sent to optical fiber gas sensing head 201 and hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber 210 then respectively, be sent to multichannel light detector 202 then and carry out opto-electronic conversion.Similarly, electric signal can carry out filtering through hyperchannel narrow band filter 203, and carries out phase-locked amplification detection by FPGA 204.As the centre wavelength of finding light source departs from absorption peak, and FPGA204 can be in real time by regulating the working temperature of laser instrument 206, make centre wavelength of its output light can return the absorption line of object gas.Simultaneously, by the output signal of reference cavity and sensing head, can when changing, the intensity of light source still can carry out correct measurement by relatively to gas concentration.Fig. 7 is the structural drawing in hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber.This gas reference chamber is that the hollow optic fibre 2101 by 50 to 500 millimeters of segment lengths constitutes, hollow optic fibre 2101 wherein shown in Figure 7 is the photon Tapes pbg fiber of HC-1550-02 for the model that CrystalFibre A/S produces, but other hollow optic fibre also can be used for this purposes.The two ends of hollow optic fibre 2101 are connected with solid core fibres 211 usefulness optical fiber splicers, and the fiber core of described hollow optic fibre 2101 is full of the reference gas of knowing concentration the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and reference gas is respectively methane, acetylene and ethene.
Except the above system that utilizes three optical fiber sensor head to measure three kinds of gas with various, also can utilize wavelength-division multiplex, modulation frequency domain multiplexing (being frequency division multiplexing) and time-multiplexed method to measure three kinds of gases with single optical fiber gas sensing head, these schemes can effectively reduce the cost of whole fiber optic sensor system.Fig. 8 is with the sensor construction synoptic diagram of single optical fiber gas sensing head 201 in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplex technique.This sensor utilizes the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 206 of three different wave lengths equally, their output light via optoisolator 207 after, be coupled to a single-mode fiber by one 3 * 3 fiber coupler 209, and can be by three kinds of different gas absorption through 201, three light beams of different wavelengths of single optical fiber gas sensing head.Can utilize wavelength division multiplexer with three different wave length (λ thereafter
1.66 μ m, λ
1.53 μ m, λ
1.62 μ m) light separately and be sent to multichannel light detector 202 and carry out opto-electronic conversion, and utilize aforementioned more than passage narrow band filter 203, FPGA 204 and industrial computer 208 do signal Processing and analysis.
Fig. 9 is with the sensor construction synoptic diagram of single optical fiber gas sensing head in conjunction with modulation frequency domain multiplexing technology.Sensor utilizes the current-modulation of the signal of three different modulating frequencies as laser instrument 206, three beams different modulating frequency, the output light of different wave length is coupled to a single-mode fiber through optoisolator 207 and one 3 * 3 fiber coupler 209, pass through single optical fiber gas sensing head 201 again, be resent to photo-detector 202 and carry out opto-electronic conversion, thereafter this three different modulating frequencies, the signal that has the concentration data of three kinds of gas with various respectively can be separated them by the different narrow band filter of three centre frequencies 203, delivers to FPGA 204 again and industrial computer 208 is done signal Processing and analysis.
The different operating sequential of then utilizing three laser instruments 206 in conjunction with the sensing system of time-division multiplex technology detects the concentration information of three kinds of gas with various through single optical fiber gas sensing head 201.As shown in figure 10, sensor utilizes the electric current injection circuit of the switch adjustment signal of three different sequential of FPGA 204 outputs to Distributed Feedback Laser 206, to control the duty of three different wave length laser instruments 206.For example when the state of 1.66 laser micrometers is in unlatching, 1.53 micron and 1.62 laser micrometers just can be closed, at this moment the section, have only the light beam of 1.66 micron wave lengths to be sent to optical fiber gas sensing head 201 through optoisolator 207 and 3 * 3 fiber couplers 209, signal is handled and is analyzed by narrow band filter 203, FPGA 204 and industrial computer 208 again through photo-detector 202 then.Subsequently, the light beam of 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns is dividing other period to enter optical fiber gas sensing head 201, and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and is processed again and analyze.
Because distributed feed-back formula laser instrument has characteristics such as spectral line is narrow, power is big, in fact the output light of laser instrument can be used as the light source of a multiple spot gas measurement system, so just can reach with resource further to reduce cost with more effectively transporting.The present invention proposes three schemes, utilize exactly single group of light source (three wavelength near the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 1.66 microns, 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns) respectively by multi-channel optical fibre coupling mechanism 209 output optically-coupled and beam splitting, be resent to three different fiber gas sensing heads 201 that are positioned at different check points, simultaneously the concentration of the methane of three different check points, acetylene and ethylene gas detected by wavelength-division, modulation frequency domain and the multiplexing method of time-division again.Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 just are respectively the fiber gas sensor apparatus structure synoptic diagram of doing the multiple spot gasmetry in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplex technique, modulation frequency domain multiplexing (being frequency division multiplexing) technology and time-division multiplex technique.
As Figure 11, utilize the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 206 of three different wave lengths, their output light via optoisolator 207 after, be coupled to three or many single-mode fibers by a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber coupler 213, and can be by three kinds of different gas absorption through three or more 201, three light beams of different wavelengths of optical fiber gas sensing head that are positioned at different check points.Can utilize three the different wave length (λs of wavelength division multiplexer 212 with each optical fiber gas sensing head 201 thereafter
1.66 μ m, λ
1.53 μ m, λ
1.62 μ m) light separately and be sent to photo-detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion, and utilize aforementioned narrow band filter 203, FPGA 204 and industrial computer 208 to do signal Processing and analysis.
As Figure 12, utilize the current-modulation of the signal of three different modulating frequencies as laser instrument, three beams different modulating frequency, the output light of different wave length is coupled to three or many single-mode fibers through optoisolator 207 and a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber coupler 213, pass through three or more optical fiber gas sensing head 201 again, be sent to photo-detector 202 more respectively and carry out opto-electronic conversion, three different modulating frequencies of each optical fiber gas sensing head 201 output, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas of respective detection point respectively can be separated them by the different narrow band filter of three centre frequencies 203, delivers to FPGA 204 again and industrial computer 208 is done signal Processing and analysis.
As Figure 13, the different operating sequential of utilizing three laser instruments 206 detects three kinds of gas with various concentration informations in three or the above optical fiber gas sensing head 201.As shown in figure 13, sensor utilizes the electric current injection circuit of the switch adjustment signal of three different sequential of FPGA 204 outputs to distributed feed-back formula laser instrument 206, to control the duty of three different wave length laser instruments 206.For example when the state of 1.66 laser micrometers is in unlatching, 1.53 micron and 1.62 laser micrometers just can be closed, at this moment the section, have only the light beam of 1.66 micron wave lengths to be sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head 201 of three or more different check points through optoisolator 207 and N * N (N 〉=3) fiber coupler 213, signal is made opto-electronic conversion through photo-detector 202 then, is handled and analyzes by narrow band filter 203, FPGA 204 and industrial computer 208 again.Subsequently, the light beam of 1.53 microns and 1.62 microns is at the optical fiber gas sensing head 201 that divides other period to enter three or above different check points, and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and is processed again and analyze.
Use above-mentioned technology, can measure the gas concentration of three kinds of gases (methane, acetylene and ethene) simultaneously.The experiment measuring accuracy that obtains is respectively that methane is better than 5ppm, acetylene is better than 1ppm and ethene is better than 20ppm, and measurement range is respectively (0 to 2.5%), (0 to 0.5%) reaches (0 to 5%).
Based on the information of three kinds of gas concentrations measuring gained, can utilize existing oil-filled electrical equipment safety standard, transformer state is assessed and early warning, and whether decision needs to safeguard or further follow-up of do.If discovery fault, also can estimate the type of transformer fault, wherein based on the concentration of above three kinds of gases, can utilize and wear dimension triangle diagram method (Duval Triangle Method) to come failure judgement be to belong to shelf depreciation, low-yield discharge, high-energy discharge, hot stall (temperature＜300 ℃), hot stall (300 ℃＜temperature＜700 ℃) or hot stall (temperature＞700 ℃), to set up " online " fault monitoring system based on three kinds of gas concentrations.
Above-mentioned three kinds of gases (methane, acetylene and ethene) Fibre Optical Sensor and combine based on the gas sensor of other principle (as semiconductor-type, solid electrolyte formula, electric chemical formula), can get four kinds or above failure gas concentration, thereby set up more perfect " online " fault monitoring system.Hydrogen (H can also measure in this system except that the concentration of energy measurement methane, acetylene and ethylene gas
2), ethane (C
2H
6), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO
2) wait the concentration of gas.These measurement data and combined by oil dissolved gas interpretation model or standard (as IEC60599:1999, IEEE C57.1041999 and CNS GB/T7252-2001) that industry is generally acknowledged can be carried out more accurate identification to possible fault.
Claims (15)
1. transformer failure gas monitoring system, comprise gas and oil separating plant (100) and fiber gas sensor (200), described gas and oil separating plant (100) comprise oil pump (101), grease chamber (102), air chamber (104) and be arranged on grease chamber (102) and air chamber (104) between film (103); Oil pump (101) is delivered to grease chamber (102) to the insulating oil of transformer, after transformer is returned in the loop, the transformer failure gas in the insulating oil sees through film (103) and enters air chamber (104) insulating oil through grease chamber (102); It is characterized in that, described fiber gas sensor (200) comprises laser temperature control and driving circuit (205) and is attached thereto the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) of a plurality of different wavelength range that connect, and also comprises multichannel light detector (202), hyperchannel narrow band filter (203), FPGA (204), industrial computer (208), optoisolator (207), is arranged on the optical fiber gas sensing head (201) in the described air chamber (104); Described FPGA (204) control distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) output light reaches optoisolator (207), optical fiber gas sensing head (201), multichannel light detector (202), multichannel light detector (202) is input to hyperchannel narrow band filter (203) after converting light signal to electric signal, deliver to FPGA (204) again and carry out computing, FPGA (204) passes to industrial computer (208) with the data after the computing thereby analyzes the situation of transformer is made judgement.
2. transformer failure gas monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described system utilizes three optical fiber gas sensing heads (201) that described three kinds of gases are detected simultaneously, its course of work is as follows: the output light of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments (206) is through optoisolator (207), be sent to three optical fiber gas sensing heads (201) respectively, be resent to multichannel light detector (202) and carry out opto-electronic conversion, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is sent to hyperchannel bandpass filter (203) again and carries out filtering and amplification, is input to FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) again and analyzes and then the transformer situation is made judgement.
3. transformer failure gas monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described optical fiber gas sensing head (201) is connected in series to calibrated optical fiber collimator (215) by many, distance is 50 to 500 millimeters between every pair of optical fiber collimator (215), and polyphone quantity is decided the intensity and the needed detection sensitivity of light absorption according to gas with various, and described polyphone quantity is 2 to 50; Described optical fiber gas sensing head (201) comprises by one or more skeletons with metal or other material (216), with fixing many to calibrated optical fiber collimator (215).
4. transformer failure gas monitoring system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the optical surface of described optical fiber collimator is coated with the antireflection film of different wave length, wherein, the operation wavelength of methane sensing head antireflection film is between 1.63 to 1.67 microns, the operation wavelength of acetylene sensing head antireflection film is between 1.51 to 1.54 microns, and the operation wavelength of ethene sensing head antireflection film is between 1.61 to 1.63 microns.
5. according to each described fiber gas sensor system in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that, described fiber gas sensor (200) comprises also by optical fiber and is connected hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber (210) between fiber coupler (209) and the multichannel light detector (202) that the output light in described optical fiber gas sensing head (201) and hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber (210) reaches multichannel light detector (202) and carries out opto-electronic conversion.
6. fiber gas sensor according to claim 5 system, it is characterized in that, described hollow optic fibre gas reference chamber (210) is made of one section hollow optic fibre (2101), weld mutually with solid core fibres (211) at the two ends of described hollow optic fibre (2101), the fiber core of described hollow optic fibre (2101) is full of reference gas, and described reference gas is respectively methane, acetylene and ethene.
7. a transformer failure gas detection method is characterized in that, described method is utilized multiplex technique, simultaneously the concentration of multiple transformer failure gas is detected with single optical fiber gas sensing head, and described method comprises the following steps:
A. by gas and oil separating plant (100) transformer failure gas in the transformer insulation oil is separated to air chamber (104);
B. the output light of the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) of many different wave lengths is sent to the single optical fiber gas sensing head (201) that is arranged in the described air chamber (104) with multiplex mode;
C. the light of a plurality of different wavelength range of optical fiber gas sensing head (201) output is sent to photo-detector (202) through optical fiber and carries out opto-electronic conversion;
D. do signal Processing and analysis with being sent to narrow band filter (203), FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) behind the electric signal demultiplexing after the opto-electronic conversion.
8. transformer failure gas detection method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is a wave division multiplex mode, its course of work is as follows: the output light of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments (206) is coupled to single single-mode fiber via one 3 * 3 fiber coupler (209), be resent to single optical fiber gas sensing head (201), with wavelength division multiplexer (212) with the light of 3 different wave lengths separately and be sent to multichannel light detector (202) and carry out opto-electronic conversion, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is sent to hyperchannel narrow band filter (203) more again, FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) are done signal Processing and analysis.
9. transformer failure gas detection method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is modulation frequency domain multiplexing mode, its course of work is as follows: with the signal of 3 the different modulating frequencies current-modulation as distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206), the output light of three beams different modulating frequency is coupled to single single-mode fiber via one 3 * 3 fiber coupler (209), be resent to single optical fiber gas sensing head (201), carry out opto-electronic conversion afterwards again, these three different modulating frequencies, the narrow band filter (203) that the electric signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively can be used as demodulation multiplexer them separately and amplify, (208 do signal Processing and analysis to be sent to FPGA (204) and industrial computer again.
10. transformer failure gas detection method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, and wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns and 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns; Described multiplex mode is a time division multiplexing mode, its course of work is as follows: the mode with the control injection current is controlled the on off state of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments (206) three different periods, make each period have only the light beam of single wavelength to be transferred into single optical fiber gas sensing head (201) via one 3 * 3 fiber coupler, the light signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is again by opto-electronic conversion and demodulation, and with narrow band filter (203), FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) signal handled and analyzed.
11. a transformer failure gas detection method is characterized in that, shared cover light source and the detection system of described method is that the failure gas of many transformers detect with multi-channel approach to multiple spot in conjunction with different multiplex techniques, and described method comprises the following steps:
A. in each transformer a gas and oil separating plant (100) is installed, the transformer failure gas in the transformer insulation oil is separated to air chamber (104) by gas and oil separating plant (100);
B. the output light of the distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) of many different wave lengths can through fiber coupler (209) coupling and beam splitting, be resent to the single optical fiber gas sensing head (201) that is arranged in the described air chamber of each transformer (104) with multiplex mode;
C. the light of different wavelength range is through optical fiber gas sensing head (201), and is sent to multichannel light detector (202) and carries out opto-electronic conversion;
D. the electric signal after the opto-electronic conversion can be sent to narrow band filter (203), FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) and do signal Processing and analysis.
12. transformer failure gas detection method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is a wave division multiplex mode, its course of work is as follows: the output light of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments (206) is coupled via a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber couplers (213), beam splitting is sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head (201) of many transformers again, by a wavelength division multiplexer (212) with the light of 3 different wave lengths separately and be sent to multichannel light detector (202) and carry out opto-electronic conversion, the signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively is sent to hyperchannel narrow band filter (203) more again in the output of each optical fiber gas sensing head (201), FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) are done signal Processing and analysis.
13. transformer failure gas detection method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns, 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns, respectively the gas absorption spectrum line of corresponding methane, acetylene and ethene; Described multiplex mode is modulation frequency domain multiplexing mode, its course of work is as follows: with the signal of 3 the different modulating frequencies current-modulation as distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206), the output light of three beams different modulating frequency is coupled via a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber couplers (213), beam splitting is sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head (201) of many transformers again, the output of each optical fiber gas sensing head (201) is transferred into multichannel light detector (202) again and carries out opto-electronic conversion, these three different modulating frequencies, the narrow band filter (203) that the electric signal that has three kinds of gas with various concentration datas respectively can be used as demodulation multiplexer them separately and amplify is sent to FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) is done signal Processing and analysis again.
14. transformer failure gas detection method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, among the described step B, the number of described distributed feed-back formula laser instrument (206) equals 3, and wavelength coverage is respectively 1.63 microns to 1.67 microns, 1.51 microns to 1.54 microns and 1.61 microns to 1.63 microns; Described multiplex mode is a time division multiplexing mode, mode with the control injection current is controlled the on off state of three distributed feed-back formula laser instruments (206) three different periods, make each period have only the light beam of single wavelength to be coupled via a N * N (N 〉=3) fiber couplers (213), beam splitting is sent to the optical fiber gas sensing head (201) of many transformers again, the output of each optical fiber gas sensing head (201) is transferred into multichannel light detector (202) again and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and with narrow band filter (203), FPGA (204) and industrial computer (208) are handled and are analyzed signal.
15. according to each described transformer failure gas detection method in the claim 7 to 14, it is characterized in that, among the described step D, when industrial computer (208) is done signal Processing and analysis, dimension triangle diagram method is worn in utilization, the gas concentration information that application measures judges that the oil-filled transformer internal fault is hot stall, the hot stall of temperature between 300 ℃ and 700 ℃ that belongs to shelf depreciation, low-yield discharge, high-energy discharge, temperature＜300 ℃, or the hot stall of temperature＞700 ℃.
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