CN101735864A - Rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel additive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel additive, which is a fuel additive prepared by compounding synthesized mixed rare earth carboxylate with a super micro-emulsified surfactant and deionized water. Firstly, the mixed rare earth carboxylate is synthesized by a mixed rare earth oxide sulfonation process, and secondly, the fuel additive is prepared from 8 to 13 percent of rare earth carboxylate, 45 to 53 percent of non-ionic surfactant, 17 to 26 percent of cationic surfactant and 14 to 25 percent of the deionized pure water in percentage by weight. The fuel additive is prepared by the following steps of: injecting five raw materials in a formula into a heating constant temperature mixing device according to a density ratio in turn and a sequence of 'heavy one after lighter one' at a rotating speed of 450 to 5,000 revolutions per second at the temperature of between 65 and 75 DEG C; stirring and mixing the raw materials for 2 hours; fully mixing the raw materials uniformly; dissolving the raw materials with one another and then standing the mixture; and reducing the temperature and then packaging the mixture. The technical scheme has the key points of improving the chemical activity of a fuel by using the oxidation catalysis characteristics of the mixed rare earth carboxylate, promoting the specific area of fuel fog droplets for tens of times through the 'micro-explosion action' generated by nano water particles formed by micro-emulsification when the fuel is burnt, and promoting the combustion efficiency of the fuel. The rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel additive is a multifunctional fuel additive for improving the combustion efficiency, the tail gas formula and the tail gas detergency of gasoline, diesel oil and heavy fuel oil. The rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel additive realizes the fuel saving ratio of 5 to 13 percent and reduces 40 to 95 percent of tail gas exhaust.

Description

Rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel additive

One, affiliated technical field:

The present invention is synthetic mishmetal carboxylate salt technology and the combined nano fuel additive agent of W/O ultra micro emulsifying technology.Relate to the synthesis technique and required various tensio-active agent, the deionization pure water component prescription of W/O ultra micro emulsification of mishmetal carboxylate salt.

Two, prior art (background technology):

The various energy-saving fuel additives of patent announcement at present are more, wherein distinguished according to the mechanism of action and composition, mainly comprise: W/O emulsifying type, biscyclo pentadienyl iron type and PIBA type.

W/O emulsifying type fuel oil additive is the emulsion of tensio-active agent and small amount of deionized water preparation, after additive is injected in the fuel oil, utilizes tensio-active agent to reduce oil, water interface tension force, makes the two can form metastable W/O emulsion.In the stage of engine chamber compressed action, the fuel oil of sneaking into moisture can form moment steam volatilization in High Temperature High Pressure, forms cooling, adds oxygen effect, objectively plays the effect that improves efficiency of combustion.But adopt many lacks of wisdom of product interface assembling compatibility The Application of Technology of this technology at present, the water droplet of emulsion is a micron order, and the size distribution inequality.Simultaneously, because the single character surface active agent composition of many employings, the less emulsion stability that also causes of phase boundary facial mask surfactant molecule adsorptive capacity is relatively poor.Be embodied in to inject behind the fuel oil and occur brokenly going into phenomenon easily under the cold condition, energy-conservation simultaneously and fall row's DeGrain.

The biscyclo pentadienyl iron type is an organometallic compound class additive, is commonly called as ferrocene, mostly is the mixture of itself and aromatic hydrocarbons solution.The fuel oil that injects this type agent really can significantly improve oil inflame efficient under the acting in conjunction of charge transfer, activation adsorption and electron emission.But owing to belong to grey type ignition dope is arranged, must after strong oxidation, form oxidates, cause sparking plug short circuit arcing, oxygen sensor and ternary catalyzing unit to lose efficacy easily.

PIBA type additive also is a kind of tensio-active agent, and its effect has peace and quiet dispersion, improves the fuel atomizing performance; Provide the free radical molecule, the accelerate combustion process; Be converted into and do not give birth to the particle that cigarette maybe can be eliminated the soot parent.This product can form good cleaning action to engine chamber and oil thrower carbon distribution, and can not form if any the depositional phenomenon as the grey type fire retardant.But educational circles is known as this type product does not have direct combustion-supporting usefulness, and the restorative effect of cleaning carbon distribution formation only brings indirect energy-conserving action.

Three, summary of the invention:

1, goal of the invention: the synthetic rare earth mixed carboxylic acid salt that is different from biscyclo pentadienyl iron is not forming the catalytic combustion-supporting effect that effectively utilizes metallic compound under harmful sedimental prerequisite.Simultaneously W/O microemulsified prescription is carried out the design of intelligent interface assembling compatibleness, make it to have more common W/O microemulsified additive and have stronger interface assembling film intensity and uniform drop particle diameter, real realization " miniature vapor explosion ", impel the secondary-atomizing of fuel droplet and at the physics cleanup action of oil circuit, combustor surface.

2, technical solution: recipe ingredient is mainly three parts among the present invention: i.e. mishmetal carboxylate salt, tensio-active agent and deionization pure water.Wherein, the main component of mishmetal carboxylate salt is lanthanum naphthenate and cerium naphthenate, and it is different with biscyclo pentadienyl iron etc., and the mishmetal carboxylate salt replaces precious metal to be used for three-way catalyst already, therefore can not cause ternary catalyzing unit to lose efficacy.Because at present domestic and international no qualified finished product, we take synthetic voluntarily obtaining.

Reaction principle is:

Ln2O3+6HNO3?Ln(NO3)3+3H2O

Ln(NO3)3+3NaOH?Ln(OH)3↓+3NaNO3

Ln(OH)3+3RCOOH?Ln(OOCR)3+3H2O

What the tensio-active agent part mainly adopted is: major surfaces promoting agent (nonionogenic tenside) is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylol amide, and cosurfactant (cats product) is octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cation guar gum.Its prescription is optimized through YMED model compatibility, has taken into full account the compatibleness of rare earth mixed carboxylic acid salt, and the temperature, pressure attribute of compression ratio engine commonly used.Significantly strengthen profit phase interface film strength and stability, guarantee the timing node of combustion chamber fuel oil oxidation steam atomizing, make the fuel droplet that has injected additive in design node " regularly atomizing ", with remarkable lifting oil inflame efficient.

Concrete formula examples following (volume ratio):

A. synthetic mishmetal carboxylate salt ultra micro emulsification nano fuel additive agent (gasoline-type)

Sequence number	Composition	Ratio %
			??1	Mishmetal carboxylate salt (lanthanum naphthenate)	??10
??2	Nonionogenic tenside (fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether)	??25
			??3	Nonionogenic tenside (alkylol amide)	??28
??4	Cats product (octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)	??17
			??5	The deionization pure water	??20

B. synthetic mishmetal carboxylate salt ultra micro emulsification nano fuel additive agent (diesel-type)

Sequence number	Composition	Ratio %
			??1	Mishmetal carboxylate salt (lanthanum naphthenate)	??8
??2	Nonionogenic tenside (alkylphenol polyoxyethylene)	??32
			??3	Nonionogenic tenside (alkylol amide)	??21
??4	Cats product (octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)	??14
			??5	The deionization pure water	??25

C. synthetic mishmetal carboxylate salt ultra micro emulsification nano fuel additive agent (heavy fuel oil (HFO))

Sequence number	Composition	Ratio %
			??1	Mishmetal carboxylate salt (cerium naphthenate)	??13

Sequence number	Composition	Ratio %
			??2	Nonionogenic tenside (alkylphenol polyoxyethylene)	??35
??3	Nonionogenic tenside (alkylol amide)	??12
			??4	Cats product (cation guar gum)	??26
??5	The deionization pure water	??14

3, technique effect:

The fuel oil additive of producing in the present invention is in 1: the ratio of 5000-10000 is injected in the fuel oil, utilize the oxidation catalysis effect of mishmetal carboxylate salt, flood tide nano level particle water with W/O ultra micro emulsification formation, can effectively improve the physically activated energy of fuel oil, impel efficiency of combustion significantly to rise, significantly reduce harmful exhaust emissions, remove oil circuit colloid and engine chamber carbon distribution.Show through engine rig test and vehicle road test: average rate of economizing gasoline is 5-13%, and carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon polymer, oxynitride rate of descent are 40-95%, and colloid and carbon distribution clearance rate after travelling 30 hours is 92%.

Four, embodiment:

In the heated constant temperature mixing device, five kinds of raw materials inject than the order of " light earlier back is heavy " one by one by density in will filling a prescription by rotating speed 4500-5000/s, temperature 65-75 ℃, mix 2h, and thorough mixing evenly, leave standstill cooling back packing after dissolving each other.

Wherein, rare earth mixed carboxylic acid technology of threonates is: take by weighing a certain amount of reblending rare earth oxide, 30% (volume ratio) nitric acid that adds capacity, stirring reaction 7h filters under 20-35 ℃ of situation in three mouthfuls of devices, filtrate is transferred in the large beaker, under constantly stirring, sodium hydroxide solution is added drop-wise in the reblending rare earth nitrate solution, generate milky white precipitate (showing red slightly), filter and repeatedly washing precipitation, up to pH=7.5～8 of filtrate, precipitation is transferred in three mouthfuls of devices, add the toluene press 1.5 times of carboxylic acid that reaction formula measures and carboxylic acid volumes, heated and stirred reflux water-dividing then, water in the reaction system is constantly removed, and toluene is removed in last underpressure distillation, promptly gets the carboxylate salt of mishmetal.

Claims (1)

1. the present invention is a rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel additive.The fuel oil additive of synthetic mishmetal carboxylate salt technology of system and the research and development of ultra micro emulsifying technology can be widely used in gasoline, diesel oil, the hydrocarbon fuel oil of low-volatility fuel wet goods, improves its efficiency of combustion and reduces harmful exhaust emissions.

The claim of asking for protection:

One, mishmetal carboxylate salt production technique:

Take by weighing a certain amount of reblending rare earth oxide, 30% (volume ratio) nitric acid that adds capacity, stirring reaction 7h filters under 20-35 ℃ of situation in three mouthfuls of devices, filtrate is transferred in the large beaker, under constantly stirring, sodium hydroxide solution is added drop-wise in the reblending rare earth nitrate solution, generate milky white precipitate (showing red slightly), filter and repeatedly washing precipitation, up to pH=7.5～8 of filtrate, precipitation is transferred in three mouthfuls of devices, add the toluene press 1.5 times of carboxylic acid that reaction formula measures and carboxylic acid volumes, the heated and stirred reflux water-dividing is constantly removed the water in the reaction system then, toluene is removed in last underpressure distillation, promptly gets the carboxylate salt of mishmetal.

Two, the production formula of rare earth carboxylate micro-emulsified fuel energy-saving and smoke-removing agent and production technique:

1, synthetic mishmetal carboxylate salt (carboxylic acid lanthanum, carboxylic acid cerium) finished product 8-13%;

2, nonionogenic tenside (fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylol amide 47-53%;

3, cats product (octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cation guar gum) 17-26%;

4, deionization pure water 14-25%.

Production technique: by above-mentioned prescription, in the heated constant temperature mixing device, five kinds of raw materials inject than the order of " light earlier back is heavy " one by one by density in will filling a prescription by rotating speed 4500-5000/s, temperature 65-75 ℃, mix 2h, thorough mixing evenly, leave standstill cooling back packing after dissolving each other.