CN101734138B - 混合动力系及用于控制混合动力系的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及混合动力系及用于控制混合动力系的方法。提供了一种混合动力车辆动力系。所述动力系包括由涡轮增压器增压的发动机。所述涡轮增压器包括第一电动机-发电机,该第一电动机-发电机相对于所述涡轮增压器安装,并且布置成通过驱动所述涡轮增压器以有选择地辅助所述车辆的加速、提供能量存储装置的再生充电和怠速,作为其操作模式。所述动力系还包括第二电动机-发电机,该第二电动机-发电机相对于所述动力系安装,并布置成有选择地辅助所述车辆的加速、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电和怠速,作为其操作模式。响应于感测的车辆运行参数的控制器布置在所述车辆上,用以控制和协调所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用由带有电动机-发电机的涡轮增压器辅助的内燃机的混合动力车辆动力系。
背景技术
在当代车辆中,通常利用强制进气(例如通过由废气驱动的涡轮增压器)来提高内燃(IC)发动机效率。涡轮增压器可通过产生增压(即,增大进入发动机燃烧室的空气量)允许内燃机从给定发动机排量产生更大的动力。
涡轮增压发动机的效率通常依赖于涡轮增压器响应于车辆操作员加速需求而产生的增压。产生增压与操作员需求相匹配,但是可因涡轮增压器的旋转惯量而产生问题,尤其是在发动机排气压力低的较低发动机速度时。获得提高的涡轮增压器响应的一种方法是通过电机加速涡轮增压器以增压发动机排气压力。在这种情形下,电机辅件通常被集成进涡轮增压器组件中。
发明内容
提供了一种车辆混合动力系。具体地,所述动力系包括布置成推进车辆的内燃机。涡轮增压器相对于所述发动机布置,用于增大所述发动机的扭矩和辅助所述车辆的加速。能量存储装置布置在所述车辆上以存储电能。第一电动机-发电机关于所述涡轮增压器安装,并布置成有选择地通过驱动所述涡轮增压器来辅助所述车辆的加速、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电和怠速来作为操作模式。第二电动机-发电机关于所述动力系布置,并布置成有选择地辅助所述车辆的加速、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电和怠速作为操作模式。传感器布置在所述车辆上以感测车辆运行参数。响应于感测的车辆运行参数的控制器布置在所述车辆上,用以控制和协调所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式。
所述控制器可存储有算法,其中所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的用于辅助车辆加速的操作模式作为模式组合设置为第一组,当所述第一电动机-发电机处于所述再生充电模式时的操作模式作为模式组合设置为第二组。所述控制器可配置成从所述第一组选择辅助车辆加速的组合,从所述第二组选择提供再生充电的组合。
所述第一电动机-发电机可与所述涡轮增压器结合为一体。所述混合动力车辆动力系可还包括布置在所述车辆上以从所述发动机传递扭矩的变速器,所述车辆运行参数可包括发动机数据、变速器数据和车辆速度。
所述第二电动机-发电机可与所述变速器结合为一体,并且所述控制器还控制所述变速器的功能。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种控制混合动力车辆动力系的方法,所述动力系包括具有涡轮增压器的发动机。所述方法包括监测车辆操作员选择的车辆加速和车辆减速以及监测车辆运行参数。同样,所述方法包括监测用于所述涡轮增压器的第一电动机-发电机的运行状况和用于车辆的第二电动机-发电机的运行状况。所述方法还包括组合所述第一电动机-发电机的和所述第二电动机-发电机的辅助车辆加速的操作模式,并组合所述第一电动机-发电机的和所述第二电动机-发电机的提供再生充电的操作模式。所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式包括辅助车辆加速、提供布置于所述车辆上的能量存储装置的再生充电、以及所述第一电动机-发电机怠速这些情形。同样所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式包括辅助车辆加速、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电、以及所述第二电动机-发电机怠速这些情形。
所述方法还包括将用以辅助车辆加速的所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式分组到第一选项组合,将提供再生充电的所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式分组到第二选项组合。另外,所述方法包括通过从用于加速辅助的第一选项组合中选择和从用于减速的第二选项组合中选择,控制和协调所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作。
结合附图,从下面实施本发明的最佳模式的详细描述可容易地清楚本发明的上述特征和优点及其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为集成在轻混合动力系中的电动机-发电机涡轮增压器(BGT)的示意图;
图2为集成在强混合动力系中的MGT的示意图;
图3为示出图1的混合动力系中MGT和电动机-发电机单元(MGU)的可能操作模式组合的表格;
图4为示出控制和协调MGT与MGU的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在混合动力车辆中,电动机-发电机通常与内燃(IC)发动机组合以辅助车辆推进,从而提高动力系效率。这种车辆还利用涡轮增压型的IC发动机。在这类应用中,涡轮增压器可利用电动机辅助,其能够用作发电机来补充混合动力的现有电动机-发电机的操作。在这种混合动力中,当涡轮增压器从高增压速度慢下来时,可由通过涡轮增压器操作涡轮增压器电机来再生电能。这样构造时,使用这种所谓的涡轮增压器电动机-发电机来进一步提高动力系效率。无论如何,使用涡轮增压器电动机-发电机的混合动力车辆会受益于电动机-发电机与涡轮增压器电动机-发动机操作的控制整合和协调以最大化动力系效率。
参考附图,其中相同的附图标记指的是相同的组件,图1示出了车辆的轻混合动力系10。轻混合动力系包括发动机12。电动机-发电机单元(MGU)14通过传动带16与发动机曲轴15操作地连接。这类混合动力系统通常称为交流发电机-起动机。交流发电机-起动机通常构造成如果在停车时发动机程序化的停机之后主车辆制动器已经被放开则重新起动发动机12。交流发电机-起动机系统还构造成在加速车辆中有选择地辅助发动机12,并给车载能量存储装置22(例如混合电池)提供再生充电,如本领域的技术人员所理解的。能量存储装置22可构造为单个电池、多个电池、超级电容、电池与超级电容两者的组合、或适于混合应用的任何其它能量存储装置。发动机12可构造为任何内燃机,例如火花点燃或压燃式,使用燃料如酒精、汽油、柴油、压缩天然气、合成燃料或这类燃料的任意组合。
发动机12使用电动机-发动机涡轮增压器(MGT)18。MGT 18由发动机废气(未示出)驱动以给发动机进气歧管(未示出)提供正压,即增压,以帮助发动机产生更大的动力。MGT 18设有用于辅助涡轮增压器旋转的一体电动机-发电机20,从而缩短车辆加速期间建立增压压力的持续时间。MGT 18还构造成当涡轮增压器从足够高的旋转增压速度减速时通过电动机-发电机20给能量存储装置22提供排气再生充电,如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的。
图1示出了一个涡轮增压器18,但是可依据特定发动机构造和各种功能需求提供串联或并联布置的多个涡轮增压器,如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的。在任何这类构造中,至少一个涡轮增压器为MGT。优选地,但非必需的,如果能量存储装置的电压不同于当代车辆中通常使用的12伏电压,那么MGT构造成使用与能量存储装置22相同的电压。当必要时,混合动力系统电压可转换为车辆附属设备(未示出)通常使用的12伏,以允许MGT给分开的12伏电池24充电。
电动机-发电机控制器(MGC)26与MGU 14、MGT 18和发动机控制器28电连接,以管理MGU 14、MGT 18、能量存储装置22和电池24之间的电力流。在管理电力流中,MGC 26响应于感测的车辆运行参数来控制和协调MGU 14与MGT 18的操作。车辆运行参数由发动机控制器28从位于车辆上的各种传感器接收,以控制发动机功能。如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的,车辆运行参数可包括,但是不限于以下部件的发动机数据:指示节气门位置的电子节气门控制器(ETC)30;气流量传感器(MAF)32;歧管绝对压力(MAP)传感器34;凸轮轴位置传感器36;曲轴位置传感器38;燃料供给系统40,包括燃料喷射器、燃料泵和燃料传感器;如果发动机为火花点燃式,则有点火系统42,包括点火模块和火花塞;以及废气氧气传感器44。车辆运行参数还可包括从变速器46上的传感器或位于车轮(未示出)上的传感器接收的车速数据。另外,车辆运行参数可包括从变速器控制器48接收的变速器功能状态和数据,例如当前传动比和运行温度。
根据电动机-发动机14和20、以及能量存储装置22和电池24的构造,MGC 26可包括任意需要的直流(DC)至直流转换器或交流(AC)至DE逆变器。MGC 26还可代替发动机控制器28而用于通过例如传统废气门或可变叶片几何涡轮增压器(未示出)中的可变叶片来控制涡轮增压器提供的增压压力。虽然MGC 26显示为独立的单元,但是它也可集成为发动机控制器28的一部分。
图2示出了利用用在强或全混合动力车辆动力系11中的MGT 18的发动机12。与图1中所示轻混合动力系相比,在强或全混合动力系中,电动机-发电机/变速器控制器(MG/Trans控制器)27替代图1中的MGC26,混合变速器47替代图1的变速器46,并用传统交流发电机(ALT)17替代图1的MGU 14。动力系的所有其它元件保持与轻混合中的相同,因此标记相同。在强混合动力系中,MGU集成进车辆混合变速器47中,如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的。在这种情形下,可利用单个MG/Trans控制器27来控制混合变速器的操作功能,并控制和协调交流发电机与MGT的功能。
虽然MGU 14和MGT 18中使用的各电动机-发电机都能够提供车辆的加速辅助,但是它们通常以不同的方式进行。MGU能够在发动机的整个RPM范围直接在发动机曲轴上增加100N-m这样大的扭矩。另一方面,MGT中的电动机-发电机能够主要促进增压压力更加快速地建立,从而同样地增加较少的整体扭矩输出,主要在较低的发动机RPM。另外,MGU可能通过延迟几毫秒来提供其可观的扭矩辅助,而MGT通常在所有废气驱动的涡轮增压器的某种程度上将经历秒量级的短暂延迟。但是,MGU电机可能比MGT大至少一个量级,因此预期效率较低。基于这些考虑,无论是否仅通过涡轮可满意地达到加速需求,都可单独使用MGT 18。当需要紧急、高或持续的加速时,例如在车辆从停止起动时,控制和协调MGU 14与MGT 18的操作,使得MGU提供立即辅助,同时涡轮仍旧旋转。当涡轮增压器的转速增大允许提供充分的增压时,其操作转变为仅有MGT。当需要紧急短暂辅助时,仅操作MGU 14。
图3示出了MGU 14与MGT 18的操作模式的可能组合的表格。MGU 14可操作于扭矩(即,加速)辅助模式、减速(包括车辆制动期间)再生充电模式、发动机12驱动充电模式和怠速。MGT 18可操作于涡轮加速辅助模式、排气再生充电模式和怠速。在MGU 14与MGT 18的操作模式的可能组合中,MGT在加速辅助模式与MGU在减速再生充电模式中的同时组合是不实际的,不可能发生。MGT 18在排气再生模式与MGU 14在扭矩辅助模式中的组合虽然在技术上是可能的,但是同样很少发生。图3示出了MGU与MGT的操作模式的可能组合,以辅助说明下面(图4中所示)的控制软件流程。可帮助车辆加速的操作模式的组合分组在一起,称为“组1”,与MGT 18在排气再生充电模式的组合分组在一起,称为“组2”。MGU与MGT的操作模式的这些组合可存储为MGC 26中算法的一部分。示出了MGT 18怠速和MGU 14处于再生充电、充电或怠速模式中任一模式的操作模式组合,但是并未提供显著的相互影响。在MGT怠速的操作模式期间,以类似于车辆仅配备有MGU的方式来控制MGU。在图2的强混合动力系11中,第二电动机-发电机通常用于供电以满足车辆电力负荷需求。相反,可利用单独的交流发电机,其可由MGC 27控制以用在充电或怠速模式中。
图4示出了图1、2和3中描述的动力系的逻辑和控制流程的方法流程图。如图所示,开始所述方法,在块100中根据车辆操作,特别是根据车辆的加速和减速开始监测车辆操作员的意图,即选择。操作员意图可通过如从ETC 30接收的表示发动机12选择的节气门位置的信号来指示。在块102中,监测车辆运行参数,例如上面结构图1和2所描述的那些。然后所述方法前进至块104。在块104中,相对于预定操作范围通过MGC 26来监测运行状况,例如能量存储装置22和12伏电池24的温度及电量状态、MGU 14和MGT 18的转速。在块106中,确定系统是否恰当地运行。如果系统未恰当地运行那么所述方法前进至块108。108中,执行系统保护措施,例如激活警报,防止发生再生充电功能。
如果系统恰当地运行,那么所述方法前进至块110,在这里基于操作员选择确定加速辅助的期望。如果期望加速辅助,那么所述方法前进至块112。在块112中,基于车辆运行参数和操作员选择确定增压控制,并从图3表格中所示的组1选择加速辅助选项。然后所述方法前进至块114,在这里执行增压控制和加速辅助。如果在块110中,确定不期望加速辅助,那么方法前进至块116。在块116中,确定MGT 18是否处在能够给能量存储装置22提供再生充电的操作模式中,例如当MGT 18从增压速度减速时或发动机状况指示充足的废气流速时。如果MGT 18能够提供再生充电,那么所述方法前进到块118。在块118中,从图3表格中所示的组2选择再生充电选项,确定MGU 14和增压控制的最佳操作模式。然后所述方法前进至块120,这里执行增压、MGT 18再生充电和MGU 14操作的控制。
如果MGT 18无法提供再生充电,例如,当涡轮增压器未旋转至充分高的转速,那么所述方法前进至块122。在块122中,基于车辆运行参数确定MGU 14是否处于能够在车辆减速期间提供再生的模式。如果MGU 14能够提供再生充电,那么无需涡轮增压,并且对该操作模式可预先选择涡轮增压控制装置位置。然后所述方法前进至块124。在块124中,通过与其它车辆系统相协调,连同车辆的其它必要控制,例如制动,执行增压控制和MGU 14再生充电。
如果MGU 14无法提供再生充电,即,车辆未处于减速再生充电模式中,那么所述方法前进至块126。在块126中,确定是否期望通过MGU 14充电,即,是否需要MGU 14来满足车辆电力负载需求。如果期望通过MGU 14充电,那么所述方法前进至块128以将MGU 14设定在发电机模式,从而执行增压控制。前面的变化另外发送至发动机控制器28,以允许对发动机12的适当调节。
尽管已经详细描述了实施本发明的最佳模式,但是本发明所属领域的技术人员会认识到在所附权利要求范围内实施本发明的各种可选设计和实施方式。
Claims (17)
1.一种混合动力车辆动力系,包括:
内燃发动机,其布置成推进车辆;
涡轮增压器,其布置用于增大所述发动机的扭矩和辅助所述车辆的加速;
能量存储装置布置用于存储电能;
第一电动机-发电机,其布置成有选择地通过驱动所述涡轮增压器来辅助所述车辆的加速、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电和怠速,来作为操作模式;
第二电动机-发电机,其布置成有选择地辅助所述车辆的加速、提供所述能量存储装置的充电、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电和怠速作为操作模式;
传感器,其布置用于感测车辆运行参数;以及
控制器,其响应于感测的车辆运行参数并布置用以控制和协调所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式;
其中所述控制器存储有算法,其中所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的用于辅助车辆加速的操作模式作为多个模式组合设置为第一组,当所述第一电动机-发电机处于所述再生充电模式时的操作模式作为多个模式组合设置为第二组,并且其中所述控制器布置成从所述第一组选择辅助车辆加速的组合,和从所述第二组选择提供再生充电的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述第一电动机-发电机与所述涡轮增压器结合为一体。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述第二电动机-发电机布置为交流发电机-起动机。
4.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述控制器还控制涡轮增压器增压。
5.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆动力系,还包括变速器,该变速器操作地连接到所述发动机用以从所述发动机传递扭矩,其中所述车辆运行参数包括发动机数据、变速器数据和车辆速度。
6.如权利要求5所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述第二电动机-发电机与所述变速器结合为一体,并且所述控制器还控制所述变速器的功能。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述控制器还控制单独的交流发电机的功能。
8.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述能量存储装置包括电池。
9.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆动力系,其中所述能量存储装置包括超级电容。
10.一种控制混合动力车辆动力系的方法,所述动力系包括具有涡轮增压器的发动机,所述方法包括:
监测车辆操作员选择的车辆加速和车辆减速;
监测车辆运行参数;
监测用于所述涡轮增压器的第一电动机-发电机的运行状况和操作地连接到所述发动机的第二电动机-发电机的运行状况;
组合辅助车辆加速的所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式,并组合提供再生充电的所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式,其中所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式包括辅助车辆加速、提供布置于所述车辆上的能量存储装置的再生充电、以及所述第一电动机-发电机怠速这些情形,所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式包括辅助车辆加速、提供所述能量存储装置的充电、提供所述能量存储装置的再生充电、以及所述第二电动机-发电机怠速这些情形;
将辅助车辆加速的所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式分组为第一选项组合,并将提供再生充电的所述第一电动机-发电机的操作模式和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作模式分为第二选项组合;以及
通过从用于加速辅助的第一选项组合和用于提供再生充电的第二选项组合中选择,控制和协调所述第一电动机-发电机和所述第二电动机-发电机的操作。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述控制和协调还包括控制涡轮增压器增压。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述监测所述第一电动机-发电机的运行状况包括监测与所述涡轮增压器结合为一体的所述第一电动机-发电机。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述动力系还包括变速器,并且其中所述监测车辆运行参数包括监测发动机数据、变速器数据和车辆速度。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述第二电动机-发电机与所述变速器结合为一体,并且监测所述第二电动机-发电机的运行状况包括监测所述变速器的功能。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述监测车辆运行参数还包括监测单独的交流发电机的功能。
16.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述能量存储装置的所述再生充电包括电池的再生充电。
17.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述能量存储装置的所述再生充电包括超级电容的再生充电。
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CN101734138A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
US20100107632A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
US8225608B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
DE102009051472B4 (de) | 2018-09-20 |
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