CN101732991A - Exhaust after treatment system - Google Patents

Exhaust after treatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101732991A
CN101732991A CN200910209399A CN200910209399A CN101732991A CN 101732991 A CN101732991 A CN 101732991A CN 200910209399 A CN200910209399 A CN 200910209399A CN 200910209399 A CN200910209399 A CN 200910209399A CN 101732991 A CN101732991 A CN 101732991A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
catalytic reduction
temperature
selective catalytic
system operating
low
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Pending
Application number
CN200910209399A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
D·B·布朗
J·H·李
S·卢
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN101732991A publication Critical patent/CN101732991A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
    • F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exhaust after treatment system. Concretely, a selective catalytic reduction system for reducing oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The system has a ceramic monolith disposed within said exhaust gas flow and includes exhaust flow passages extending therethrough. A high temperature selective catalytic reduction catalyst composition is applied to an inlet portion of the exhaust flow passages and a low temperature selective catalytic reduction catalyst composition applied to an outlet portion of the exhaust flow passages. The high and the low temperature catalytic reduction catalysts are operable to reduce oxides of nitrogen at high load and low load operation of the internal combustion engine.

Description

Exhaust after treatment system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of exhaust after treatment system.
Background technology
The discharge treating system that is used for internal combustion engine can comprise the oxidation catalyst that is positioned at the selective catalytic reduction system operating upstream, and wherein said selective catalytic reduction system operating is for nitrogen oxide (NO in the exhaust stream x) to remedy be of great use.In Diesel engine, the charcoal cigarette filter that is commonly referred to as diesel engine particle catcher also can be included in the system, to be used for removing particulate from exhaust.
Diesel engine exhaust is a kind of mixture of being made up of heterogeneity, and it not only contains such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO x) gaseous emissions, also contain constitute particulate matter coagulate phase material (liquid and solid).The substrate that catalytic component and this catalyst are arranged thereon may be provided in the diesel engine exhaust system, so that with the whole of these exhaust gas compositions or a certain component that changes into non-control wherein.For example, diesel engine exhaust system can comprise diesel oxidation catalyst, diesel particulate filter and be used for NO xIn the catalyst of reduction one or more.
Being used for a kind of post-processing technology that the high-concentration particle thing reduces is diesel particulate filter (DPF).There are some known filtration device structures, these filtration device structures, for example, honeycomb wall streaming filter, fabric filter, open cell foamed plastic and the sintered metal fiber etc. that twine or fill up can be removed particulate matter effectively from diesel exhaust gas.In automobile was used, wall-flow ceramic filter was widely accepted.Filter is a kind of physical arrangement that is used for removing from exhaust particulate, thereby the particulate of accumulation will cause increasing the effect of the back pressure on the engine.Increase in order to handle by the caused back pressure of particulate accumulation, DPF is periodically regenerated.Regenerative process is included in the environment of common high temperature (＞600 ℃), oxygen enrichment (oxygen deprivation) burning to the particulate of accumulation, and this burning can cause NO in the exhaust stream xThe increase of composition level.Similarly, in the petrol engine that adopts the Lean Burning Technique that increases fuel efficiency, similarly oxygen-enriched environment also can cause NO in the exhaust xThe increase of composition level.
Using the NOx minimizing technology of developing for automobile is SCR (SCR), wherein by catalyst ammonia (NH 3) with NO xBe reduced into nitrogen (N 2), wherein this catalyst generally includes base metal (common metal).For automobile is used, (existing with aqueous solution form usually) urea is used as the source of ammonia.As long as delivery temperature is in the activity of such catalysts temperature range, SCR just can provide NO xEffective conversion.A problem about known SCR catalyst is a high exhaust temperature, for example, during the dpf regeneration incident in diesel engine system or the high exhaust temperature that in petrolic high load operation, is stood, may cause many SCR catalytic components to have relatively poor catalytic effect, and colder low load engine delivery temperature may have similar effects to other catalytic component.
Can adopt discrete substrate, wherein each substrate all contains the catalyst of handling the exhaust specific components.But, expectation reduces overall dimension, complexity and the expense of whole system.An approach that realizes this target be with DPF coated with catalytic component, this catalytic component flows NO for exhaust xThe conversion of composition is effective, and can effectively transform on high temperature, low temperature and the whole operation temperature range at DPF.
Summary of the invention
In one exemplary embodiment, be used for exhaust nitrogen oxides reduction (NO at internal combustion engine x) selective catalytic reduction system operating comprise the ceramic monomer that is arranged in the exhaust, this ceramic monomer has the exhaust air flow channels of longitudinal extension.Be applied in the intake section of exhaust air flow channels for high-temperature catalytic reduces selected high temperature catalyst component, be applied in the exit portion of this exhaust air flow channels for the selected low temperature catalyst component of low-temperature catalyzed reduction.The operation of high-temperature catalytic reducing catalyst and low-temperature catalyzed reducing catalyst is to reduce nitrogen oxide when internal combustion engine high load operation and the low-load operation.
Description of drawings
From the detailed description to exemplary embodiment, these features of the present invention and advantage and further feature and advantage will become apparent to those skilled in the art.To the accompanying drawing with this detailed description be described below.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that is used for the exhaust-gas treatment system of internal combustion engine;
Fig. 2 is the axial cutaway view that has schematically shown the wall flow type ceramic monomer;
Fig. 3 is the NO about the exhaust-gas treatment system of Fig. 1 xThe reduction efficiency curve;
Fig. 4 is the NH about the exhaust-gas treatment system of Fig. 1 3The oxidation curve;
Fig. 5 is the embodiment about the catalyst filling curve of the exhaust-gas treatment system of Fig. 1; And
Fig. 6 is another embodiment about the catalyst filling curve of the exhaust-gas treatment system of Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
With reference to figure 1, exemplary embodiment of the present invention relate to be used for internal combustion engine for example diesel engine 12 by the exhaust-gas treatment system 10 of the reduction of control exhaust gas composition.Treatment system 10 comprises exhaust manifolds 14, and it is sent to waste gas the various pump-down process parts of exhaust-gas treatment system from Diesel engine 12.Exhaust component can comprise oxidation catalyst 16, and oxidation catalyst 16 is useful in handling unburned gaseous state and nonvolatile hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, and this hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are burned to form carbon dioxide and water.
In the oxidation catalyst downstream, in exhaust manifolds 14, reducing agent enters in the waste gas stream 20 as spraying is injected via injector nozzle 18.Aqueous solution of urea can be used as the precursor of ammonia, and this precursor mixes so that the distribution of auxiliary injected spraying with air in injector nozzle 18.To contain the exhaust stream that has been added ammonia and be delivered to SCR (SCR) device, in this case, be to be delivered to diesel particulate filter (DPF) 22 with containing the exhaust stream that has been added ammonia.DPF can operate so that waste gas is filtered, so that remove carbon particulate and other particulate, and the use by multiple SCR catalyst is to being present in the nitrogen oxide (NO of exhaust in flowing x) reduce.
Can adopt the wall flow type ceramic monomer 23 among Fig. 2 to construct DPF 22, wherein wall flow type ceramic monomer 23 has the passage 24 of a plurality of longitudinal extensions that formed by longitudinal extension wall 26.Passage 24 comprises the access road 28 of the port of export 32 with open arrival end 30 and sealing, and has the arrival end 36 of sealing and the exit passageway 34 of the port of export of opening 38.The waste gas that arrival end 30 by access road 28 enters DPF be forced to by longitudinal extension wall 26 migrations to exit passageway 34.Be exactly that waste gas is filtered carbon particulate and other particulate by this wall stream mechanism.The particulate 40 that is filtered is collected on the wall 26 of access road 28.The particulate of this accumulation will have the effect that increases the back pressure on the Diesel engine 12.In order to handle by the caused back pressure of the accumulation of this particulate, DPF is periodically regenerated.Regenerative process is included in the environment of common high temperature (＞600 ℃), oxygen enrichment (oxygen deprivation) burning to the particulate 40 of accumulation, and this burning may cause NO in the exhaust stream xThe increase of composition level.
In an exemplary embodiment of discharge treating system 10, the one SCR catalytic component 42 preferably contains zeolite and such as the base metal composition of iron (Fe), it can be operated when DPF 22 regeneration periods stand high temperature (that is,＞600 ℃) in DPF 22 effectively to transform the NO in the exhaust stream 20 xComposition.Other suitable high-temperature metal can comprise cobalt (Co).High temperature SCR catalytic component 42 is applied to the wall of the access road 28 of wall flow type ceramic monomer 23.The 2nd SCR catalytic component 44 also preferably includes zeolite and such as the base metal composition of copper (Cu), and it can be operated to transform the NO in the exhaust stream 20 effectively standing low temperature (that is,＜600 ℃) time during the low-load operation in DPF 22 xComposition, and the 2nd SCR catalytic component 44 is applied to the wall of the exit passageway 34 of wall flow type ceramic monomer 23 similarly.Other suitable low-temperature metal can comprise vanadium (V) and analog thereof.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the performance of two kinds of catalytic components 42 and 44 on the whole operation temperature range of DPF 22.The NO of high temperature SCR catalytic component 42 xReduction efficiency extend to the conversion range of this device during the high load operation and the temperature range that stood during the dpf regeneration in.The NO of low-temperature SCR catalyst component 44 xIn the temperature range that reduction efficiency extends to the conversion range of this device between low-load period or engine start operating period is stood.In addition, as shown in Figure 4, during low-temperature operation, low-temperature SCR catalyst component 44 receives the NH through high temperature SCR catalytic component 42 3Low-temperature SCR catalyst component 44 is utilized NH 3Guarantee effective NO xReduction.Like this, two SCR catalyst combination make DPF can be operating as an effective SCR system, this SCR system for during the high load operation or under the situation of dpf regeneration circulation and the NOx in low temperature, the light load engine exhaust stream of operating period to remedy be of great use.
Among the shown embodiment of catalyst filling diagram by Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, high temperature SCR catalyst 42 applies or loads and can change along the axial length of filter with low-temperature SCR catalyst 44, causes total relatively uniformly catalyst filling 46 along the length of ceramic monomer 23.In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, each catalyst concentration changes in the axial direction, so that increase gradually passable in this situation or reduce.Correspondingly, the result is the uniform total filling amount of catalyst 42,44.In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, loaded catalyst is constant in the axial direction, but each catalyst mainly is positioned at the specific axial component place of monomer 23, causes the uniform total filling amount of catalyst 42,44 again.
Although invention has been described about the application to the wall flow type ceramic monomer, the application of this wall flow type ceramic monomer is in order to make up the purpose of DPF and SCR catalyst-assembly, and from gas extraction system, eliminated an independent device thus, but what it is contemplated that is that this application also can be arranged a plurality of independent device in some cases.As previous pointed, at the petrol engine that has adopted the Lean Burning Technique that is used for increasing fuel efficiency, similar oxygen-enriched environment also may cause NO in the waste gas xThe increase of composition level.Although petrol engine does not need DPF usually, but to the processing of flowing from the petrolic exhaust of lean burn, can and be applied in the low-temperature catalyzed reducing catalyst component of this exhaust circulation road exit portion from the high-temperature catalytic reducing catalyst component of the exhaust circulation road intake section that is applied to flow type (that is non-wall-flow type) monomer and be benefited.Like this, it is envisaged for, in the case without departing from the scope of the present invention, the present invention can also have the application to the single flow ceramic monomer.
Although got in touch current be considered to the most practical and preferred embodiment invention has been described, but should be understood that, the present invention is not restricted to the disclosed embodiments, on the contrary, the invention is intended to cover the scope and interior various modification and the equivalent arrangements of spirit that is included in claims.

Claims (17)

1. selective catalytic reduction system operating that is used at the waste gas nitrogen oxides reduction of internal combustion engine comprises:
Ceramic monomer, it is disposed in the waste gas, and has and be limited at the exhaust circulation road that extends through described ceramic monomer between the longitudinal extension wall;
Be used for the high temperature catalyst component of high-temperature catalytic reduction, it is applied to the intake section in described exhaust circulation road;
Be used for the low temperature catalyst component of low-temperature catalyzed reduction, it is applied to the exit portion in described exhaust circulation road; And
Described high-temperature catalytic reducing catalyst and described low-temperature catalyzed reducing catalyst when the high load operation of described internal combustion engine and low-load operation work so that nitrogen oxides reduction.
2. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described internal combustion engine is a Diesel engine.
3. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described internal combustion engine is a petrol engine.
4. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described ceramic monomer is the wall flow type ceramic monomer, the passage of described longitudinal extension comprises having open arrival end and the access road that seals the port of export, and exit passageway with sealing arrival end and open port of export, described waste gas enters described wall-flow type monomer by the arrival end of described passage, and passes through longitudinal extension wall migration to described exit passageway.
5. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described high temperature catalyst component that is used for the high-temperature catalytic reduction is applied to the longitudinal extension wall of described access road, and the described low temperature catalyst component that is used for low-temperature catalyzed reduction is applied to the longitudinal extension wall of described exit passageway.
6. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described high temperature catalyst component that is used for the high-temperature catalytic reduction comprises the zeolite and the first base metal composition, and the described low temperature catalyst component that is used for low-temperature catalyzed reduction comprises the zeolite and the second base metal composition.
7. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the described first base metal composition comprises iron.
8. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the described second base metal composition comprises copper.
9. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the filling of described first catalytic component and described second catalytic component changes along the axial length of described ceramic monomer, causes having relative uniform catalyst filling along the length of described ceramic monomer.
10. selective catalytic reduction system operating that is used at the exhaust of internal combustion engine stream nitrogen oxides reduction (NOx) comprises:
The wall flow type ceramic monomer, it is disposed in the described exhaust stream;
The exhaust circulation road, it extends through described wall flow type ceramic monomer and is limited between the longitudinal extension wall;
Described exhaust circulation road comprises having open arrival end and the access road that seals the port of export, and exit passageway with sealing arrival end and open port of export, described waste gas enters described wall flow type ceramic monomer by the arrival end of described access road, and arrives described exit passageway by described longitudinal extension wall migration;
Be used for the high temperature catalyst component of high-temperature catalytic reduction, it is applied to the intake section in described exhaust circulation road;
Be used for the low temperature catalyst component of low-temperature catalyzed reduction, it is applied to the exit portion in described exhaust circulation road; And
Described high-temperature catalytic reducing catalyst and described low-temperature catalyzed reducing catalyst when the high load operation of described internal combustion engine and low-load operation work so that nitrogen oxides reduction.
11. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described internal combustion engine is a Diesel engine.
12. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described internal combustion engine is a petrol engine.
13. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, the described catalytic component that is used for the high-temperature catalytic reduction is applied to the longitudinal extension wall of described access road, and the described low temperature catalyst component that is used for low-temperature catalyzed reduction is applied to the longitudinal extension wall of described exit passageway.
14. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, the described high temperature catalyst component that is used for the high-temperature catalytic reduction comprises the zeolite and the first base metal composition, and the described low temperature catalyst component that is used for low-temperature catalyzed reduction comprises the zeolite and the second base metal composition.
15. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the described first base metal composition comprises iron.
16. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the described second base metal composition comprises copper.
17. selective catalytic reduction system operating as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, the filling of described high-temperature selective catalytic reduction catalysts component and described low-temperature selective catalytic reduction catalytic component changes along the axial length of described ceramic monomer, causes having relative uniform catalyst filling along the length of described ceramic monomer.
CN200910209399A 2008-11-07 2009-11-06 Exhaust after treatment system Pending CN101732991A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/267003 2008-11-07
US12/267,003 US20100115930A1 (en) 2008-11-07 2008-11-07 Exhaust after treatment system

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CN101732991A true CN101732991A (en) 2010-06-16

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CN105814292A (en) * 2013-12-11 2016-07-27 株式会社科特拉 Exhaust gas purification material
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US10335736B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2019-07-02 Cataler Corporation Exhaust gas purification material
CN109012177A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-18 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of full load internal combustion engine nitrogen oxides control system and its working method
CN109012177B (en) * 2018-08-29 2023-06-16 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Nitrogen oxide control system of full-load internal combustion engine and working method thereof

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