CN101731287A - 一种纯天然植物杀虫剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,涉及以天然植物为原料制作的,应用于小麦、水稻、花生、大豆、蔬菜、水果等各种农作物杀虫剂,其特征在于:松针10-18份,苦参4-10份,青蒿4-12份,70-100%乙醇60-80份。制作方法:将各原料粉碎,置于乙醇中,封口,浸泡20-35天,过滤,形成药液,装罐或装瓶。本发明具有以下有益效果:1、杀虫面广,可杀灭白粉虱、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、斑潜蝇、蓟马、棉铃虫、红铃虫、造桥虫、菜青蛾、小夜蛾、青虫等害虫;2、对植物和人畜没有毒性,杀虫效果好,可取代低毒农药,具有广阔的发展前景;3、制作设备投资少;4、配制加工简单,易推广,农民受益。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及农药技术领域,进一步是以天然植物为原料制作的,应用于小麦、水稻、花生、大豆、蔬菜、水果等各种农作物的杀虫剂。
背景技术:
随着社会的进步,人们对环境的要求越来越高。在农业方面,使用高效低毒农药是发展大趋势。而目前,高效低毒农药的不能满足需求。一些农药低毒不高效,一些农药高效不低毒。如何既保证对人畜、植物、环境、土壤无毒无害无污染,又实现快速、有效地杀灭各种虫害,是当前植保、农药专家共同关注、亟待解决的一个难题。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,它可保证对人畜、植物、环境、土壤无毒无害无污染,又实现快速、有效地杀灭各种虫害。
本发明的目的是通过以下方案实现的:一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,其特征在于:松针10-18份,苦参4-10份,青蒿4-12份,70-100%乙醇60-80份。
本发明的目的可以通过以下方案进一步实现:
优选方案是:松针12-16份,苦参6-8份,青蒿6-8份,70-100%乙醇65-75份。
最佳方案是:松针14份,苦参7份,青蒿7份,70-100%乙醇72份。
制作方法:将各原料粉碎,置于乙醇中,封口,浸泡20-35天(夏天20-25天,冬天30-35天,春秋25-30天),过滤,形成药液,装罐或装瓶。
使用方法:每50毫升药液加水,12-14公斤,溶解均匀,喷施于植物。
本发明中:松针能祛风燥湿,杀虫止痒,松针(或松针粉)是近年来人们正在开发的一种营养价值较高的畜禽饲料添加剂。其用作畜禽饲料添加剂或直接饲喂畜禽,不仅能节省饲料,降低生产成本,而且对促进畜禽生长发育、增强抗病力和提高生殖功能等具有明显的促进作用。苦参,清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿。根和种子有毒。人中毒后出现以神经系统为主的症状,有流涎、呼吸和脉搏加速、步态不稳,严重者惊厥,因呼吸抑制而死亡。牛、马食干根45克以上,猪、羊15g以上均可出现中毒,主要有呕吐、流涎、疝痛、下痢、精神沉郁、搐搦和痉挛。中毒后先出现中枢神经抑制,然后间歇性抖动和惊厥,进而中枢深圭抑制,呼吸麻痹,数分钟后心眺停止死亡。青蒿具有快速抑制原虫成熟的作用,对疟原虫有直接杀灭作用。青蒿水煎液对表皮葡萄球菌、卡他球菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌有较强的抑菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、结核秆菌等也有一定的抑制作用。近年来,有将青蒿用于治鸡球虫病、猪疥癣、牛湿热泄泻等记载。
本药物中,松针主要杀灭植物幼虫;苦参主要杀灭植物叶虫;青蒿主要杀灭植物原虫、幼虫、虫卵,抑制虫繁育;乙醇有消毒杀菌作用,在本药物中,一方面浸泡提取中草药有效成份,一方面与各药配合,助各药物的药效发挥,而且可直接杀虫灭菌。通过叶面喷施,与虫接触,干扰虫细胞核分裂和线粒体,影响虫呼吸和代谢功能,加速细胞内质网膨胀,发生严重空胞化,起到快速杀灭多种植物虫害的作用。而且,由于药物快速蒸发,不被植物吸收,因而达到对植物无毒无害的目的。
本药液对小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆、棉花、果树、辣椒、茄子、西红柿、西瓜、甜瓜、黄瓜、白菜、芹菜、花卉、药材等发生的白粉虱、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、斑潜蝇、蓟马、棉铃虫、红铃虫、造桥虫、菜青蛾、小夜蛾、青虫等害虫,在河南省滑县留固镇、万古镇、老庙乡等263亩地喷施,产生良好效果:试验组131亩,主要针对苹果树的二斑叶螨、棉花的蚜虫、小麦白粉病和红蜘蛛,喷施本发明药液;对照组109亩,喷施阿维菌素(苹果树的二斑叶螨)、灭多威(棉花)三唑酮(白粉病)、炔螨特(红蜘蛛);开放组23亩,未喷施任何药物。试验为一次喷施检查效果,试验表明:试验组虫卵停止变化为幼虫,死亡率100%;幼虫30分钟至1小时死亡,死亡率100%;成虫2-3小时死亡,死亡率100%。灭虫效果超过对照组30-40个百分点。
本发明具有以下有益效果:1、杀虫面广,可杀灭白粉虱、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、斑潜蝇、蓟马、棉铃虫、红铃虫、造桥虫、菜青蛾、小夜蛾、青虫等害虫;2、对植物和人畜没有毒性,杀虫效果好,可取代低毒农药,具有广阔的发展前景;3、制作设备投资少;4、配制加工简单,易推广,农民受益。实践表明,本发明对植物生长也有一定的作用,其机理待研究。
具体实施方式:
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步叙述:
实施例1:选取松针10份,苦参4份,青蒿4份,70-100%乙醇60份。制作方法:将各原料粉碎,置于乙醇中,封口,浸泡20-35天(夏20-25天,冬天30-35天,春秋25-30天),过滤,形成药液,装罐或装瓶。
实施例2:选取松针18份,苦参10份,青蒿12份,70-100%乙醇80份。制作方法同实施例1。
实施例3:选取松针10份,苦参4份,青蒿4份,70-100%乙醇80份。制作方法同实施例1。
实施例4:选取松针18份,苦参10份,青蒿12份,70-100%乙醇60份。制作方法同实施例1。
实施例5:选取松针18份,苦参4份,青蒿4份,70-100%乙醇60-80份。制作方法同实施例1。
实施例6:选取松针10份,苦参10份,青蒿12份,70-100%乙醇60-80份。制作方法同实施例1。
Claims (3)
1.一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,其特征在于:松针10-18份,苦参4-10份,青蒿4-12份,70-100%乙醇60-80份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,其特征在于:松针14份,苦参7份,青蒿7份,70-100%乙醇72份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种纯天然植物杀虫剂,其特征在于:将各原料粉碎,置于乙醇中,封口,浸泡20-35天,过滤,形成药液,装罐或装瓶。
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