CN101726288B - Quick and accurate self-leveling level - Google Patents
Quick and accurate self-leveling level Download PDFInfo
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- CN101726288B CN101726288B CN200910245037.XA CN200910245037A CN101726288B CN 101726288 B CN101726288 B CN 101726288B CN 200910245037 A CN200910245037 A CN 200910245037A CN 101726288 B CN101726288 B CN 101726288B
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Abstract
A quick and accurate self-leveling level comprises a first base, a second base, a third base, a fourth base and a fifth base; three telescopic spiral pins are arranged between the first base and the second base, and a reflector or a refractor is suspended under the third base and the fourth base by a cross movable joint or a movable joint quadrilateral respectively; when the reflector is suspended, a laser transmitter and an optical signal receiver consisting of CCD linear arrays are both arranged on the same base above or under the reflector; when the refractor is suspended, the laser transmitter and the optical signal receiver consisting of the CCD linear arrays are arranged on different bases at upper and lower sides of the refractor respectively; the laser transmitter is positioned in the center of the base, wherein one CCD linear array is X axis, the other CCD linear array is Y axis, and the X axis is mutually vertical to the Y axis; and an instrument is placed on the fifth base. The level is particularly suitable for levelling instrument, theodolite and the like, can reduce the error caused by non-proficiency or miss in the manual leveling process, and can greatly improve the leveling efficiency so that the leveling makes an important step in quickness, accuracy and automation.
Description
[technical field]: the level meter that the present invention relates to a kind of self leveling, this level meter can be adjusted into surface level by plane fast accurately, especially for mapping (levelings of spirit-leveling instrument, transit, total powerstation etc.), building, decoration, decoration, mechanical erection, instrument, the field such as lays and determines that surface level is used.
[background technology]: in fields such as building, decoration, decoration, equipment installation, equipment placements, all need in operation process, determine horizontal reference, plumb datum or other reference data, and the various measuring spirit-leveling instrument, transit and the various laser datum instrument that use at present all need artificial leveling benchmark, the common practice of artificial leveling is to utilize the level being arranged on instrument and three foot screws that are arranged on instrument bottom to work in coordination to realize.Level has circular bubble and manages two kinds, level, operator observes the bubble position in level on one side, rotate corresponding adjusting knob on one side, and the bubble that finally makes to manage in level occupy in the middle of two grooves or makes the bubble in circular bubble occupy the centre of level and realize leveling.Adopt this artificial leveling mode very inconvenient in using, not only need repeatedly repeatedly to regulate, and also be there is to visual angle and personal error in the observation of bubble position, easily cause mistake survey, also require simultaneously operator must be very patient with skilled, particularly, in operation in the wild, leveling process relatively wastes time and energy and easily causes error, causes whole measuring process efficiency low.
[summary of the invention]: the present invention seeks to solve existing artificial leveling method and according to bubble, carry out differentiation level whether speed is slow and be difficult to be connected with circuit, so be difficult to rely on bubble, realize the problem of robotization, a kind of level meter of fast accurate self leveling is provided, to realize the rapid of leveling, precision and robotization.
The present invention judges that according to rectilinear propagation principle and the Action of Gravity Field of light whether given axle is vertical, when this axle is vertical, just knows that the plane that axle is vertical is therewith surface level.
Because the propagation of light can transmit and receive by light activated element.Such as light emitting diode, triode are luminaires, and photodiode is receiving equipment, the variation of light can convert the variation of electric current to, like this, just avoided cannot converting electric signal to because of bubble, thereby also just cannot realize the drawback of robotization, the robotization flattening for instrument provides reliable and feasible method and platform.
The level meter of fast accurate self leveling provided by the invention, a kind of level meter of fast accurate self leveling, comprise that base one is to base five, two of base one and bases are provided with three flexible spiral pin, the top of base two is installed with base three by joint pin, the top of base three is installed with base four by joint pin, base three and base four belows are respectively suspended a catoptron or refractor in midair with isometric intersection movable joint hang spring or movable joint quadrilateral hang spring, the hang spring of base three and base four belows can be the same or different, equally, catoptron or the refractor that suspend in midair base three and base four belows both can be the same or different.When the four belows suspentions of base three and base be catoptron time, generating laser and the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it are arranged on above or below catoptron on same base, even reflecting surface is at the bottom surface of catoptron, the upper surface of base two and base three is respectively provided with a generating laser and an optical signal receiver consisting of CCD linear array, the center of the photo-sensitive cell in CCD linear array is arranged in alignment, generating laser is arranged on the upper surface center of base two and base three, the laser beam of generating laser transmitting is vertical base two and upwards transmitting of base three respectively, if reflecting surface is at the upper end face of catoptron, generating laser and the optical signal receiver that consists of CCD linear array are installed in the lower surface of base three and base four, and the laser beam of generating laser transmitting is launched under vertical base three and base four-way respectively.When suspention refractor, generating laser and the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it are arranged on respectively refractor above and below not on the base of homonymy, when generating laser is arranged on the upper surface of base two and base three, the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it is arranged on respectively the lower surface of base three and base four, when generating laser is arranged on the lower surface of base three and base four, the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it is arranged on respectively the upper surface of base two and base three.One of them CCD linear array is X-axis, and another CCD linear array position is Y-axis, and X-axis is mutually vertical with Y-axis; The top of base four is provided with base five by center coupling shaft, and base five is provided with connecting screw hole, and for placing instrument, base two, base three, base four are all parallel to each other between two with base five.
Catoptron or the refractor of base three and base four below suspentions are rectangular parallelepiped, for simplifying, calculate, can make two rectangular parallelepipeds identical, and, when base three and base four level, the upper bottom surface of two catoptrons or refractor all with base San He base Siping City row, now, the bottom surface of two catoptrons or refractor all has one group of opposite side parallel with receiver X-axis, another group opposite side is parallel with Y-axis, and two catoptrons or the vertical pivot center of refractor and the vertical pivot center superposition of base three and base four, and through the initial point of receiver; When adopting intersection movable joint hang spring suspention catoptron or refractor, along Y direction, see, the intersection movable joint hang spring of one of them catoptron or refractor and base and catoptron or refractor form two quadrilaterals as upper bottom, and the intersection movable joint hang spring of another catoptron or refractor and base and catoptron or refractor are as two isosceles triangles that vertical angle equate of upper bottom composition; Along X-direction, see, the two is contrary, referring to Fig. 1.When adopting intersection movable joint hang spring, in the reach of intersection movable joint, when base vertical pivot tilts an angle with respect to pedal line, catoptron or refractor under Action of Gravity Field its vertical pivot by with respect to base vertical pivot in XOZ plane or an angle of the reversion of the tilt component in YOZ plane corresponding thereto, when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring suspention catoptron or refractor, movable joint quadrilateral is that one group two groups are usingd the structural system that base and catoptron or refractor form as the isosceles quadrilateral of parallel upper bottom by two hang springs equal in length, referring to Fig. 9, when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring, in movable joint quadrilateral reach, when base vertical pivot tilts an angle with respect to pedal line, catoptron or refractor its vertical pivot under Action of Gravity Field will turn an angle in XOZ plane or the tilt component in YOZ plane corresponding thereto to same direction with respect to base vertical pivot.Z is instrument vertical pivot.
Three flexible spiral pin distribution triangular in shape of base one top, for simplifying, calculate, first-selected at right angles triangle, equilateral triangle or general isosceles triangle distribute, on two flexible spiral pin at least therein, a stepper motor is respectively installed, step motor shaft and screw rod are fixed, the setting nut coordinating with this screw rod is arranged on base two or base one, and stepper motor and screw rod are fixedly mounted on base one or base two; Three flexible spiral pin can be established one of them for feet, stepper motor can be installed on feet, and only on all the other two flexible spiral pin, stepper motor be installed.
Feet is Height Adjustable cover joint or screw.
Have at least a flexible spiral pin parallel with Y-axis or X-axis with the line of feet; The line at the receiver element center in the screw rod of another flexible spiral pin and the central shaft of nut and X-axis or Y-axis is positioned at same plane, and the two intersects at a bit in this plane, and this plane is vertical with base two.
Base two to the periphery of base four is provided with a housing.This housing is enclosed in base two, three, face all round, to avoid catoptron or refractor and hang spring to contact with the direct of the external world with damper etc., reduces the error that the extraneous factors such as Yin Wendu, wind, rain are brought to instrument.A damper is installed between catoptron or refractor periphery and housing, make catoptron or refractor can only be parallel to the plane deflection optical signal receiver X-axis that by CCD formed corresponding with it or Y-axis element line of centres place and vertical with the base that X-axis or Y-axis receiver are installed, when catoptron or refractor deflection, point on the catoptron corresponding with X-axis or refractor is with respect to there being displacement in X-direction, and in Y direction, there is no displacement, point on the catoptron corresponding with Y-axis or refractor is with respect to there being displacement in Y direction, in X-direction, there is no displacement, and guarantee catoptron or refractor are stopped swinging as early as possible.
On base five or base four, circular bubble can also be installed, or pipe level, or circular bubble and pipe level are installed simultaneously.General circular bubble is installed, but also can mounting pipe level, or the two installs simultaneously.Circular bubble and/or pipe level are for manual adjustments.When instrument angle of inclination is larger, receiver cannot receive light signal, now can adopt manual adjustments.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention is according to the size of the thickness of laser beam and receiver window, can control instrument susceptibility and the precision of leveling, when laser beam window very thin and receiver is very little, add reflection or the refraction action of optical element group, can greatly improve the susceptibility of instrument, thereby greatly improve precision.And the flattening course of robotization can reduce manually to adjust in horizontal process because of error unskilled or that error causes, and can greatly improve leveling efficiency.The method is particularly useful for the surveying instruments such as spirit-leveling instrument, transit, total powerstation.
[accompanying drawing explanation]:
Fig. 1 is the level construction schematic diagram of fast accurate self leveling when adopting intersection movable joint hang spring;
Fig. 2 is that X-axis receiver light activated element is arranged schematic top plan view;
Fig. 3 is that Y-axis receiver light activated element is arranged schematic top plan view;
Fig. 4 is when adopt intersecting movable joint hang spring and catoptron, and reflecting surface is index path during instrument vertical pivot vertical when catoptron bottom;
Fig. 5 is when adopt intersecting movable joint hang spring and catoptron, the index path of reflecting surface when instrument vertical pivot tilts when catoptron bottom;
Fig. 6 is when adopt intersecting movable joint hang spring and refractor, index path during the downward Emission Lasers of generating laser during instrument vertical pivot vertical;
Fig. 7 is when adopting intersection movable joint hang spring and refractor, index path when instrument vertical pivot tilts during the downward Emission Lasers of generating laser;
Fig. 8 is intersection movable joint suspention scale map;
Fig. 9 is the level construction schematic diagram of fast accurate self leveling when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring;
Figure 10 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and catoptron, and reflecting surface is index path during instrument vertical pivot level when catoptron bottom;
Figure 11 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and catoptron, the index path of reflecting surface when instrument vertical pivot tilts when catoptron bottom;
Figure 12 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and refractor, index path during the downward Emission Lasers of generating laser during instrument vertical pivot level;
Figure 13 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and refractor, index path when instrument vertical pivot tilts during the downward Emission Lasers of generating laser;
Figure 14 is movable joint quadrilateral suspention scale map;
[embodiment]:
One, structure
As shown in Figure 1, this level meter mainly comprises the structure of level meter provided by the invention: 1 base one; 2 flexible spiral pin; 3 bases two; 4X axle receiver; 5 bases two and base three joint pins; 6 catoptrons or refractor one damper; 7 catoptrons or refractor one; 8 catoptrons or refractor one intersection movable joint hang spring; 9 bases three; 10Y axle receiver; 11 bases three and base four joint pins; 12 catoptrons or refractor two dampers; 13 catoptrons or refractor two; 14 housings; 15 catoptrons or refractor two intersection movable joint hang springs; 16 bases four; 17 bases four and base five coupling shafts; 18 bases five; 19 pipe levels; 20 circular bubbles; 21 instruments; 23 catoptrons or refractor two movable joint quadrilateral hang springs; 24 catoptrons or refractor one movable joint quadrilateral hang spring.
The concrete structure of this level meter is described as follows:
1), base 1 is connected by three flexible spiral pin 2 with base 23.Described flexible spiral pin is a kind of screw-drive mechanism, and this screw-drive mechanism can will be converted to rectilinear motion from rotatablely moving of motor.
Stepper motor can be fixed on base 1.Setting nut can be arranged on base 23, stepper motor can certainly be fixed on base 23, and setting nut is arranged on base 1.The screw rod of screw-drive mechanism is located in telescopic leg, and telescopic leg is connected on the output shaft of stepper motor or directly using the output shaft of stepper motor as telescopic leg.Because stepper motor can be converted to by rotatablely moving rectilinear motion, telescopic leg can be with the flexible free-extension of output shaft.Drive motor drives screw rod rotation, because screw rod and nut only have a rotational freedom, and its centre of gyration and nut dead in line, so the rotation of screw rod can cause that nut moves up and down vertically.Flexible spiral pin, except can stretching by driven by motor, can also be realized it by manual adjustments and stretch.
If employing step angle is the motor of 1.8 °, when adopting the motion thread that pitch is 1mm, 3.6 ° of the every rotations of screw rod, what screw rod and screw thread produced relatively moves as 0.01mm, suppose that now the distance of telescopic leg and pivot center is 60mm, relatively rotating that this timer occurs is 0.01 °.Adopt the less motor of step angle, add segmentation device or other gear trains, can be easy to improve precision.
In order to reduce cost, in three spiral pin can be made as to feet, mounted motor is not only installed motor on two other spiral pin.Feet is Height Adjustable cover joint or screw.Have at least a flexible spiral pin parallel with Y-axis with the line of feet.The distribution first-selection of three spiral pin is right-angle triangle, because the acknowledge(ment) signal of receiver is mutually orthogonal, can simplify like this calculating of two flexible spiral pin.The distribution of three spiral pin is also chosen as equilateral triangle or general isosceles triangle.The line at each element center of the screw rod of another flexible spiral pin and the central shaft of nut and X coordinate axis receiver 4 is positioned at same plane, and the two intersects at a bit in this plane, and this plane is vertical with base two.Can certainly make feet line parallel with X-axis, and another feet is positioned under Y-axis, its connection is the same.
2), when 7 and 13 are catoptron, if reflecting surface is located at the bottom surface of catoptron 7 and 13, the upper surface center of base 23 and base 39 is that coordinate is (0,0) locate to be provided with separately a generating laser, base 23 and base 39 upper surfaces are respectively provided with an optical signal receiver consisting of CCD linear array, and its center is generating laser, the receive window that the size of each photo-sensitive cell of CCD is receiver, the diameter of receive window is less, and instrument leveling precision is higher.The center of the photo-sensitive cell in CCD linear array is arranged in alignment, the CCD linear array of take on base 23 is X-axis receiver 4 (as shown in Figure 2), each receiver has a unique coordinate, the origin that is positioned at center is (0, 0), coordinate in receiver X-axis is made as respectively ... (2, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0) ... CCD linear array on base 39 is Y-axis receiver 10 (as shown in Figure 3), same each receiver has a unique coordinate, the origin that is positioned at center is (0, 0), coordinate in receiver Y-axis is made as respectively ... (0,-2), (0,-1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2) ...X-axis receiver 4 is mutually vertical with Y-axis receiver 10, and X-axis receiver 4 can exchange with Y-axis receiver 10.The laser of generating laser transmitting is distinguished vertical base 23 and upwards transmitting of base 39 all the time, and through the reflection of catoptron 7 and 13, hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on the X-axis receiver 4 of base 23 and the Y-axis receiver 10 of base 39 respectively.When reflecting surface is located at the upper end face of catoptron 7 and 13, generating laser and X-axis receiver 4 and Y-axis receiver 10 are arranged on respectively the lower surface of base 39 and base 4 16.When 7 and 13 are refractor, if generating laser is arranged on the lower surface center of base 39 and base 4 16, the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it is arranged on the upper surface of base 23 and base 39, the laser of generating laser transmitting distinguishes all the time vertical base 39 and base 4 16 is launched downwards, through the refraction of refractor 7 and 13, hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on the X-axis receiver 4 of base 23 and the Y-axis receiver 10 of base 39 respectively.Generating laser and the optical signal receiver capable of interchanging positions being formed by CCD linear array, it is the upper surface center that generating laser is arranged on respectively base 23 and base 39, the laser vertical base 23 of transmitting and upwards transmitting of base 39, X-axis receiver 4 and Y-axis receiver 10 are arranged on respectively the lower surface of base 39 and base 4 16, the laser of generating laser transmitting is through the refraction of lens, and hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on X-axis receiver 4 and Y-axis receiver 10.Above X-axis receiver 4 all can exchange with Y-axis receiver 10 installation sites, can appoint and get one of them for X-axis receiver 4, and another is Y-axis receiver 10.
3), base 23, base 39, base 4 16 be parallel all the time with base 5 18, and its vertical pivot center superposition.Former three is connected and fixed by joint pin, can not mutually rotate or move, and joint pin can certainly be made as to length adjustable, for proofreading and correct.Base four is crossed coupling shaft 17 with base five-way and is connected, and the central shaft of its coupling shaft overlaps with the central shaft of the two, and the two can rotate mutually, and only has a rotary freedom.When the two rotates mutually, the two is still parallel all the time.The two ends of coupling shaft can adopt one end to be fixed on (such as base 4 16) on a certain base, and the other end can relative rotation occur with another base (such as base 5 18).In addition can separately establish level braking spiral according to the structure of existing level, transit, for example, in the time of can relatively rotating with base five when coupling shaft is fixing with base four, level braking spiral can be located at coupling shaft 17 or base 5 18 or the junction of the two, when not needing to rotate, locked the two, make it that relative rotation can not occur.
4), on the travel path of light path, as between catoptron or refractor and base, optical element can be installed as lens or lens combination, such as concavees lens etc., also can add catoptron or catoptron group, comprise total reflection catoptron or refractor etc., be fixed on base or housing, light path, through superrefraction or multiple reflections, can increase the side-play amount of hot spot on receiver, can improve the susceptibility of instrument, thereby improve the leveling precision of instrument.
5), base 39 and base 4 16 belows with isometric intersection movable joint hang spring 8 and 15 or movable joint quadrilateral hang spring 23 and 24 respectively suspend a rectangular parallelepiped catoptron or refractor 7 and 13 in midair, for simplifying, calculate, can make two rectangular parallelepipeds identical, and when base 39 and base 4 16 level, the upper bottom surface of two catoptrons or refractor is all parallel with base 4 16 with base 39, now, two catoptrons or refractor 7 all have one group of opposite side parallel with receiver X-axis with 13 bottom surface, another group opposite side is parallel with Y-axis, and vertical pivot center and base 39 and the base 4 16 vertical pivot center superpositions of two catoptrons or refractor, and through the initial point of receiver, when adopting intersection movable joint hang spring suspention catoptron or refractor, along Y direction, see, the intersection movable joint hang spring of one of them catoptron or refractor and base and catoptron or refractor form two quadrilaterals as upper bottom, and the intersection movable joint hang spring of another catoptron or refractor and base and catoptron or refractor are as two isosceles triangles that vertical angle equate of upper bottom composition, along X-direction, see, the two is contrary, referring to Fig. 1.When adopting intersection movable joint hang spring, in the reach of intersection movable joint, when base vertical pivot tilts an angle with respect to pedal line, catoptron or refractor under Action of Gravity Field its vertical pivot by with respect to base vertical pivot in XOZ plane or an angle of the reversion of the tilt component in YOZ plane corresponding thereto, when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring suspention catoptron or refractor, movable joint quadrilateral is that one group two groups are usingd the structural system that base and catoptron or refractor form as the isosceles quadrilateral of parallel upper bottom by two hang springs equal in length, referring to Fig. 9, when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring, in movable joint quadrilateral reach, when base vertical pivot tilts an angle with respect to pedal line, catoptron or refractor its vertical pivot under Action of Gravity Field will turn an angle in XOZ plane or the tilt component in YOZ plane corresponding thereto to same direction with respect to base vertical pivot.Z is instrument vertical pivot.
Catoptron or refractor one damper 1 are installed between the periphery of catoptron or refractor 1 and housing 14, are beneficial to the fast and stable of catoptron after telescopic leg lifting or refractor 1.Catoptron or refractor one damper 6 are close to catoptron or refractor 1 along X-axis, be that catoptron or refractor 1 two sides parallel with X-axis receiver 4 are reflected mirror or refractor one damper 6 is close to, make like this when instrument tilts, catoptron or refractor 1 can only be parallel to the optical signal receiver X-axis element line of centres that CCD consist of plane deflection place and with base that X-axis receiver be installed vertical corresponding with it, when catoptron or refractor deflection, point on the catoptron corresponding with X-axis or refractor 1 is with respect to there being displacement in X-direction, and in Y direction, there is no displacement, can only be parallel to the deflection of XOZ plane, in Y direction, there is no displacement.Catoptron or refractor two dampers 12 are installed between the periphery of catoptron or refractor 2 13 and housing 14, catoptron or refractor two dampers 12 are adjacent to catoptron or refractor 2 13 along Y-axis, be that catoptron or refractor 2 13 two sides parallel with Y-axis receiver 10 are reflected mirror or refractor two dampers 12 are close to, make like this when instrument tilts, catoptron or refractor 2 13 can only be parallel to the plane deflection optical signal receiver Y-axis element line of centres place that CCD consist of corresponding with it and vertical with the base that Y-axis receiver is installed, when catoptron or refractor 2 13 deflection, point on the catoptron corresponding with Y-axis or refractor 2 13 is with respect to there being displacement in Y direction, in X-direction, there is no displacement, can only be parallel to the deflection of YOZ plane, in X-direction, there is no displacement.Z is the vertical pivot of instrument.
This has guaranteed that two intersect movable joints or movable joint quadrilateral quadrature, when instrument tilts toward any one direction in XYZ space, and the initial point that has at least hot spot that a receiver receives or spot center not to be positioned at receiver.
Can certainly make catoptron or refractor 1 and catoptron or refractor 2 13 together with the exchange mutually such as its corresponding hang spring, damper.
Damper can be arranged on housing or be fixed on base, on damper, stuck structure can be set, when not in use; can damper is stuck; catoptron or refractor deflection more like this, is conducive to protect catoptron or refractor not to be damaged in the process of moving, and protects hang spring.
6), circular bubble 20 or pipe level 19 are installed simultaneously for manual adjustments on base 5 18 or base 4 16.Circular bubble is generally only installed, also can mounting pipe level or the two install simultaneously.Larger when instrument angle of inclination, when receiver cannot receive light signal, can tentatively adopt manual adjustments.
On base 5 18, existing spirit-leveling instrument etc. can be directly installed, like this because round spirit level is all installed on spirit-leveling instrument, so the circular bubble in this example or pipe level also can no longer be installed.If be exclusively used in the instruments such as transit, spirit-leveling instrument, also mounting seat 5 18 no longer, and directly by apparatus installation on base 4 16.
Instrument 21 is various instruments, comprises that various surveying instruments are as the main part of transit, total powerstation etc., and the vertical pivot center superposition of its vertical pivot center and base 5 18.
Housing 14 is enclosed in base 23, base 39, base 4 16 outsides, can avoid catoptron or refractor and hang spring to contact with the direct of the external world with damper etc., reduces the error that Yin Wendu, wind, rain etc. bring to instrument.
Certainly in above-mentioned each example, also can one of them adopt catoptron, another adopts refractor, or one wherein adopts intersection movable joint hang spring, another adopts movable joint quadrilateral hang spring, but easy in order to calculate, and general two catoptrons or refractor all adopt the same, all adopt catoptron or refractor, and all adopt and intersect movable joint hang spring or all adopt movable joint quadrilateral hang spring.
Two, leveling principle:
(1), adopt intersection movable joint hang spring
1. when 7 and 13 are catoptron:
When 7 and 13 are catoptron, if its bottom surface is made as reflecting surface.The upper surface center of base 23 and base 39 is that coordinate is (0,0) locate bottom a generating laser is installed separately, the laser of generating laser transmitting is distinguished vertical base 23 and upwards transmitting of base 39 all the time, through the reflection of catoptron 7 and 13, hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on the X-axis receiver 4 of base 23 upper surfaces and the Y-axis receiver 10 of base 39 upper surfaces respectively.
Take X-direction catoptron 7 and X-axis receiver 4 is example, and as shown in Figure 4, when instrument vertical pivot is during in vertical state, base 23 and base 39 are all in horizontality, and now, the reflecting surface of catoptron is parallel with two bases, also in horizontality.Be positioned at base 23 central points and be Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation that the vertical base 23 of generating laser of X-axis receiver 4 initial point O sends on the reflecting surface of catoptron 14, the center that reflection ray is radiated at receiver after reflection around and form hot spot, the coordinate of hot spot or spot center is initial point (0,0).
As shown in Figure 5, when instrument vertical pivot tilts to Z ' axle by the Z axis of vertical state in XOZ plane, the angle tilting is α ', base 23 and base 39 equal deflection α ' with respect to the horizontal plane, effect due to gravity, under the effect of intersection movable joint, catoptron 7 can deflect with respect to base 23 and base 39, and yawing moment is contrary with base sense of rotation, because catoptron 7 is subject to catoptron or refractor one damper 6 effects, at catoptron or refractor one, intersect under 8 effects of movable joint hang spring, catoptron 1 can the deflection of parallel XOZ plane, laser beam irradiation is in the bottom surface of catoptron 7, reflection through reflecting surface, the hot spot of reflection ray or spot center by drop on X-axis receiver 4 receiving element D ' (x ', 0) on.If catoptron 7 deflection angle is with respect to the horizontal plane β ', the deflection angle that catoptron 7 is relative with base 39 is β '+α ', claims η=β '/α ' for intersecting the tetragonal amplification coefficient of movable joint.
As shown in Figure 8, when base level, the length of OA (the OA is here equivalent to catoptron or the distance of refractor one hang spring between the point of suspension of base three) is a, the length of BC (the BC is here equivalent to the distance between two point of suspension on catoptron one) is b, now OA is parallel with BC, and its distance is c, the distance of the distance of centre of gravity BC that h is whole pendulum mass, upper for just, lower for negative.
Amplification coefficient
D=(a+b)/2 wherein
If employing step angle is the motor of 1.8 °, when adopting the motion thread that pitch is 1mm, 3.6 ° of the every rotations of screw rod, what screw rod and screw thread produced relatively moves as 0.01mm, suppose that now the distance of telescopic leg and pivot center is 60mm, relatively rotating that this timer occurs is 0.01 °.During visible employing catoptron, even if less instrument angle of inclination also can produce larger hot spot or spot center skew.The ratio, interpolation segmentation device or other gear trains that change a, b, c and h can be easy to improve instrument leveling precision.
The coordinate that receives hot spot or spot center when X-axis receiver 4 is during for initial point, the telescopic leg spiral of lifting X-axis below, because catoptron or refractor 1 can only be parallel to the deflection of XOZ plane, so in the process of the telescopic leg spiral below lifting X-axis, hot spot or spot center will be positioned in X-axis all the time, and can not depart from X-axis.When the hot spot receiving when X-axis receiver or spot center are positioned at true origin, illustrate at X-axis positive axis and negative semiaxis two ends in surface level.
The situation of catoptron 13 and Y-axis receiver is identical with X-axis receiver, just direction and its quadrature.Flexible corresponding foot screw, can make hot spot or spot center that Y-axis receiver receives be positioned at true origin, now illustrates that the negative semiaxis of Y-axis positive axis and Y-axis is in surface level.
When instrument tilts to any direction, X-axis receiver 4 and Y-axis receiver 10 will receive mutually orthogonal different signal, respectively the tilt component of indicating instrument vertical pivot in XOZ plane and YOZ plane.Because have at least an axle to be parallel to the line of one of them telescopic leg and feet, the line that this example might as well be established one of them spiral pin and feet is parallel to Y-axis, this spiral pin of lifting, until the hot spot that Y-axis receiver receives or spot center coordinate are (0,0), another foot screw of lifting then, making hot spot or spot center coordinate that X-axis receiver receives is also (0,0), again on base 23 vertical with X-axis and parallel with Y-axis straight line also in surface level.By two intersecting straight lines, can determine a plane, know now base two levels.Now all not inclinations in XOZ plane and in YOZ plane, can illustrate that instrument vertical pivot is in plumb position.
When 7 and 13 being catoptron, when if on it, end face is reflecting surface, its ultimate principle is same as described above, just the installation site of generating laser and optical signal receiver is different, the center of the lower surface of base 39 and base 4 16 is that coordinate is (0, 0) locate bottom a generating laser is installed separately, two CCD optical signal receivers are also arranged on respectively the lower surface of base 39 and base 4 16, the laser of generating laser transmitting is distinguished the downward transmitting of vertical base 39 and base 4 16 all the time, respectively through the reflection of catoptron 7 and 13, hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on base 39 and receiver base 4 16.
2. when 7 and 13 are refractor:
When 7 and 13 are refractor, if generating laser is arranged on respectively the center of base 39 and base 4 16 lower surfaces, the laser of generating laser transmitting distinguishes all the time vertical base 39 and base 4 16 is launched downwards, through the refraction of refractor 7 and 13, hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on the X-axis receiver 4 of base 23 and the Y-axis receiver 10 of base 39 respectively.
Take X-direction refractor 1 and X-axis receiver is example, and as shown in Figure 6, when instrument vertical pivot is during in vertical state, base 23 and base 39 are all in horizontality, and now, the upper bottom surface of refractor 1 is parallel with two bases, also in horizontality.Be positioned at Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation that the vertical base 39 of generating laser of base 39 central points sends on refractor 1, the center that refracted ray is radiated at X-axis receiver 4 after refraction around and form hot spot, the coordinate of hot spot or spot center is initial point (0,0).
As shown in Figure 7, when instrument vertical pivot tilts to Z ' axle by the Z axis of vertical state in XOZ plane, the angle tilting is α ', base 23 and base 39 equal deflection α ' with respect to the horizontal plane, effect due to gravity, under the effect of intersection movable joint, catoptron 7 can deflect with respect to base 23 and base 39, and yawing moment is contrary with base sense of rotation, because catoptron 7 is subject to catoptron or refractor one damper 6 effects, at catoptron or refractor one, intersect under 8 effects of movable joint hang spring, catoptron 1 can the deflection of parallel XOZ plane, laser beam is through the refraction of refractor 1, the hot spot of refracted ray or spot center by drop on X-axis receiver 4 receiving element D ' (x ', 0) on.It intersects the tetragonal amplification coefficient of movable joint with upper identical.
If generating laser is arranged on the center of base 23 and base 39 upper surfaces, optical signal receiver is arranged on base 39 and base 4 16 lower surfaces, the laser vertical base 23 of difference of generating laser transmitting and base 39 be Emission Lasers bundle upwards, laser beam is respectively through the refraction of refractor 7 and 13, and hot spot or spot center drop on respectively on the optical signal receiver that is positioned at base 39 and base 4 16 lower surfaces.
All the other levelling principle are identical during with catoptron, be and adjust two foot screws so that the coordinate of the hot spot that X-axis receiver 4 and Y-axis receiver 10 receive or spot center is initial point (0,0), now instrument vertical pivot in plumb position.
(2), adopt movable joint quadrilateral
Apparatus structure as shown in Figure 9, the base 33 of take is example with catoptron or refractor 7, when instrument vertical pivot tilts to Z ' axle by the Z axis of vertical state in XOZ plane, the angle tilting is α ', base 33 deflection α ' with respect to the horizontal plane, effect due to gravity, under the effect of movable joint quadrilateral, catoptron or refractor 7 can deflect with respect to base 33, and yawing moment is identical with base sense of rotation, because catoptron or refractor 7 are subject to damper 6 effects, under catoptron or 24 effects of refractor movable joint quadrilateral movable joint hang spring, catoptron or refractor 7 can the deflections of parallel XOZ plane, laser beam is through the reflection of catoptron 7 or the refraction of refractor 7, the hot spot of reflection ray or refracted ray or spot center will drop on the receiving element D ' of X-axis receiver 4, its coordinate is x '.If catoptron or refractor 7 deflection angle are with respect to the horizontal plane β ', the deflection angle that catoptron 7 is relative with base 33 is β '-α ', claims η=β '/α ' for intersecting the tetragonal amplification coefficient of movable joint.
As shown in figure 14, if the length of OC (OC is equivalent to line between movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and the point of suspension of base here) is a, MN (MN is equivalent to the line of catoptron or refractor end face and the tetragonal point of suspension of movable joint here) length is b, and the length of hang spring is l, the distance of the distance of centre of gravity MN that h is whole pendulum mass, when base level, MN is parallel with OC, and now two hang spring extended lines meet at an A, and two hang spring angles are 2 θ, when OC tilts, amplification coefficient:
Wherein
Represent the tetragonal amplification coefficient of movable joint when h=0.
The effect of all the other each parts with install all with identical when employing intersects movable joint hang spring, for no other reason than that sus-pension is different, on the optical signal receiver that same instrument tilts to obtain, the coordinate of photo-sensitive cell is different, and base rotation and the spiral pin that stretches that corresponding base is undertaken by heeling condition to horizontality are flexible different.Figure 10 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and catoptron, and reflecting surface is index path during instrument vertical pivot level when catoptron bottom; Figure 11 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and catoptron, the index path of reflecting surface when instrument vertical pivot tilts when catoptron bottom; Figure 12 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and refractor, index path during the downward Emission Lasers of generating laser during instrument vertical pivot level; Figure 13 is when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring and refractor, index path when instrument vertical pivot tilts during the downward Emission Lasers of generating laser.
Three, leveling step:
1, unclamp the damper of stationary mirror or refractor, catoptron or refractor can be freely swung, start power supply.
2, laser beam emitting device Emission Lasers, afterwards, hot spot or spot center are radiated at respectively on the photo-sensitive cell of X-axis receiver 4 and on the photo-sensitive cell of Y-axis receiver 10 in reflection (or refraction of refractor 7 and refractor 13) by catoptron 7 and catoptron 13.
3, Operations Analysis calculates coordinate (x ', 0) and (0, the y ') of hot spot on X-axis photoreceptor and Y-axis photoreceptor or spot center place element.
4, Operations Analysis output signal, input control drive system, control-driven system drives telescopic leg motor to rotate, thereby drives telescopic leg lifting.In this example, one of them spiral pin is parallel with Y-axis with the line of feet, another flexible spiral pin is positioned under X-axis, first first flexible spiral pin of lifting, making hot spot or spot center place photo-sensitive cell coordinate that Y-axis receiver 10 receives is (0,0), after stopping, second spiral pin of lifting, making hot spot or spot center place photo-sensitive cell coordinate that X-axis receiver 4 receives is (0,0)
5, after second flexible spiral pin stops stretching, repeat above-mentioned steps 2-5, until the coordinate of the hot spot that X-axis receiver 4 and Y-axis receiver 10 receive or spot center place photo-sensitive cell is (0,0), now instrument vertical pivot is in plumb position, and base two to base five is all horizontal.
6, after finishing using, powered-down, fixes two dampers, to avoid the collision of catoptron in the process of moving or refractor and housing, and protects hang spring.
Claims (10)
1. the quick accurately level meter of self leveling, comprise that base one is to base five, two of base one and bases are provided with three flexible spiral pin, the top of base two is installed with base three by joint pin, the top of base three is installed with base four by joint pin, base three and base four belows are respectively suspended a catoptron or refractor in midair with isometric intersection movable joint hang spring or movable joint quadrilateral hang spring, the hang spring of base three and base four belows can be the same or different, equally, catoptron or the refractor that suspend in midair base three and base four belows both can be the same or different, when the four belows suspentions of base three and base be catoptron time, generating laser and the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it are arranged on above or below catoptron on same base, even reflecting surface is at the bottom surface of catoptron, the upper surface of base two and base three is respectively provided with a generating laser and an optical signal receiver consisting of CCD linear array, the center of the photo-sensitive cell in CCD linear array is arranged in alignment, generating laser is arranged on the upper surface center of base two and base three, the laser beam of generating laser transmitting is vertical base two and upwards transmitting of base three respectively, if reflecting surface is at the upper end face of catoptron, generating laser and the optical signal receiver that consists of CCD linear array are installed in the lower surface of base three and base four, and the laser beam of generating laser transmitting is launched under vertical base three and base four-way respectively, when suspention refractor, generating laser and the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it are arranged on respectively refractor above and below not on the base of homonymy, when generating laser is arranged on respectively the upper surface of base two and base three, the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it is arranged on respectively the lower surface of base three and base four, when generating laser is arranged on respectively the lower surface of base three and base four, the optical signal receiver that CCD linear array consist of corresponding with it is arranged on respectively the upper surface of base two and base three, one of them CCD linear array is X-axis, another CCD linear array is Y-axis, X-axis is mutually vertical with Y-axis, the top of base four is provided with base five by center coupling shaft, and base five is provided with connecting screw hole, and for placing instrument, base two, base three, base four are all parallel to each other between two with base five.
2. level meter according to claim 1, the catoptron or the refractor that it is characterized in that base three and base four below suspentions are rectangular parallelepiped, and, when base three and base four level, the upper bottom surface of two catoptrons or refractor all with base San He base Siping City row, now, the bottom surface of two catoptrons or refractor all has one group of opposite side parallel with optical signal receiver X-axis, another group opposite side is parallel with Y-axis, and two catoptrons or the vertical pivot center of refractor and the vertical pivot center superposition of base three and base four, and through the initial point of optical signal receiver, when adopting intersection movable joint hang spring suspention catoptron or refractor, along Y direction, see, the intersection movable joint hang spring of one of them catoptron or refractor and base and catoptron or refractor form two quadrilaterals as upper bottom, and the intersection movable joint hang spring of another catoptron or refractor and base and catoptron or refractor are as two isosceles triangles that vertical angle equate of upper bottom composition, along X-direction, see, the two is contrary, when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring suspention catoptron or refractor, the isosceles quadrilateral that movable joint quadrilateral is comprised of as parallel upper bottom two hang springs equal in length and base and catoptron or refractor, along X-axis or Y direction, see, the movable joint hang spring of catoptron or refractor is tetragonal waist, and base and catoptron or refractor are tetragonal upper bottom.
3. level meter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that three flexible spiral pin distribution triangular in shape of base one top, on two flexible spiral pin at least therein, a stepper motor is respectively installed, step motor shaft and screw rod are fixed, the setting nut coordinating with this screw rod is arranged on base two or base one, and stepper motor and screw rod are fixedly mounted on base one or base two; Three flexible spiral pin are established one of them for feet.
4. level meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that, on described feet, stepper motor is not installed, and only on all the other two flexible spiral pin, stepper motor is installed.
5. level meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that three rectangular triangles of flexible spiral pin, equilateral triangle or general isosceles triangle distribute, if select triangle, is right-angle triangle, and feet is as the summit, right angle of right-angle triangle; Described feet is Height Adjustable cover joint or screw.
6. level meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that having a flexible spiral pin parallel with Y-axis or X-axis with the line of feet; The photo-sensitive cell line of centres of the optical signal receiver in the screw rod of another flexible spiral pin and the central shaft of setting nut and X-axis or Y-axis is positioned at same plane, and the two intersects at a bit in this plane, and this plane is vertical with base two.
7. according to the level meter described in claim 4,5 or 6, it is characterized in that base two to the periphery of base four is provided with a housing.
8. level meter according to claim 7, it is characterized in that being provided with between catoptron or refractor periphery and housing a damper, make catoptron or refractor can only be parallel to the plane deflection optical signal receiver X-axis that by CCD linear array formed corresponding with it or Y-axis photo-sensitive cell line of centres place and vertical with the base that X-axis or Y-axis optical signal receiver are installed, when catoptron or refractor deflection, point on the catoptron corresponding with X-axis or refractor is with respect to there being displacement in X-direction, and in Y direction, there is no displacement, point on the catoptron corresponding with Y-axis or refractor is with respect to there being displacement in Y direction, in X-direction, there is no displacement, and guarantee catoptron or refractor are stopped swinging as early as possible, when adopting intersection movable joint hang spring, in the reach of intersection movable joint, when base vertical pivot tilts an angle with respect to pedal line, catoptron or refractor under Action of Gravity Field its vertical pivot by with respect to base vertical pivot in XOZ plane or an angle of the reversion of the tilt component in YOZ plane corresponding thereto, when adopting movable joint quadrilateral hang spring, in movable joint quadrilateral reach, when base vertical pivot tilts an angle with respect to pedal line, catoptron or refractor its vertical pivot under Action of Gravity Field will turn an angle in XOZ plane or the tilt component in YOZ plane corresponding thereto to same direction with respect to base vertical pivot, and Z is instrument vertical pivot.
9. according to the level meter described in claim 1,2,4,5,6 or 8, it is characterized in that, on base five or base four, circular bubble is installed, or pipe level, or circular bubble and pipe level are installed simultaneously.
10. right to use requires the method that the level meter described in 8 carries out leveling, it is characterized in that the detailed process of the method is as follows:
Unclamp the damper of stationary mirror or refractor, catoptron or refractor can be freely swung, start power supply, generating laser Emission Lasers, after the reflection of catoptron or the refraction of refractor, hot spot or spot center are radiated at respectively on the photo-sensitive cell of two optical signal receivers, Operations Analysis calculates coordinate (x ', 0) and (0, the y ') of hot spot on X-axis optical signal receiver and Y-axis optical signal receiver or spot center place photo-sensitive cell, Operations Analysis output signal, input control drive system, control-driven system drives the stepper motor of flexible spiral pin to rotate, thereby drives flexible spiral pin lifting, one of them flexible spiral pin is parallel with Y-axis with the line of feet, another flexible spiral pin is positioned under X-axis, first first flexible spiral pin of lifting, making hot spot or spot center place photo-sensitive cell coordinate that Y-axis optical signal receiver receives is (0, 0), after stopping, second flexible spiral pin of lifting, making hot spot or spot center place photo-sensitive cell coordinate that X-axis optical signal receiver receives is (0, 0), repeat as stated above, until the coordinate of the hot spot that X-axis optical signal receiver and Y-axis optical signal receiver receive or spot center place photo-sensitive cell is (0, 0), now instrument vertical pivot is in plumb position, base two to base five is all horizontal, after finishing using, powered-down, fixes two dampers, to avoid the collision of catoptron in the process of moving or refractor and housing, and protects hang spring.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200910245037.XA CN101726288B (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2009-12-23 | Quick and accurate self-leveling level |
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| CN200910245037.XA CN101726288B (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2009-12-23 | Quick and accurate self-leveling level |
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| CN101726288B true CN101726288B (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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| EP0694758A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon | Automatic tilt angle compensator and tilt detector |
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| EP0694758A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-01-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon | Automatic tilt angle compensator and tilt detector |
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