CN101722826B - 一种混合动力驱动系统 - Google Patents
一种混合动力驱动系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种混合动力驱动系统,该驱动系统包括:发动机、离合器、具有第一定子和第一转子的第一电机、第二电机以及传动机构,其中,所述发动机与所述第一电机的第一转子固定连接,所述第一转子通过所述离合器与所述传动机构连接,所述第二电机与所述传动机构连接。按照本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统,发动机与第一电机的第一转子直接连接,并通过离合器与传动机构连接,同时第二电机与传动机构连接,从而实现了发动机、第一电机、第二电机和传动机构在结构上的一体化,从而使该混合动力驱动系统具有较为紧凑的结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力汽车领域,更具体地说,涉及一种混合动力驱动系统。
背景技术
当前,随着世界能源问题的日益严重,在节能环保方面表现优异的混合动力汽车已逐渐成为汽车行业的发展方向。
然而,由于对于混合动力汽车来说,在安装有内燃机的同时,还需要安装电机,并实现内燃机与电机动力的匹配,因而,现有的混合动力汽车的动力驱动系统大都存在结构复杂、体积较大等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有的混合动力驱动系统结构笨重的缺陷,而提供一种结构紧凑的混合动力驱动系统。
本发明提供了一种混合动力驱动系统,该驱动系统包括:发动机、离合器、具有第一定子和第一转子的第一电机、第二电机以及传动机构,其中,所述发动机与所述第一电机的第一转子固定连接,所述第一转子通过所述离合器与所述传动机构连接,所述第二电机与所述传动机构连接。
按照本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统,发动机与第一电机的第一转子直接连接,并通过离合器与传动机构连接,同时第二电机与传动机构连接,从而实现了发动机、第一电机、第二电机和传动机构在结构上的一体化,从而使该混合动力驱动系统具有较为紧凑的结构。
而且,利用具有上述结构的混合动力驱动系统,可以根据驱动系统的需求功率来灵活控制驱动系统处于多种工作模式,从而使混合动力驱动系统很好地发挥自身的效能,在满足需求功率的同时实现对能量最大效率的利用,避免发动机处于怠速或低速运转的工况,从而达到提高燃油利用率、减少尾气排放的目的,最终实现整车的低排放、低油耗、以及高动能。本发明的附加特征以及相应的优点在下面的具体实施方式部分进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统的原理示意图;
图2为本发明的混合动力驱动系统中的缓冲减震装置的示意图;
图3为本发明的混合动力驱动系统中的液压分离轴承的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参考附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细地描述。
如图1所示,本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统包括发动机1、离合器4、具有第一定子9和第一转子12的第一电机8、第二电机15以及传动机构16,其中,发动机1与第一电机8的第一转子12固定连接,第一转子12通过离合器4与传动机构16连接,第二电机15与传动机构16连接。
发动机1为排量较小的发动机,例如可以为汽油机、柴油机或者甲醇、乙醇等其它燃料发动机等等。发动机1与第一电机8的第一转子12连接,因而,发动机1的动力和第一电机8的动力可以一起通过离合器4而传递给传动机构16,或者发动机1的动力传递给第一电机8,以产生电能。
具体来说,在离合器4处于接合状态的情况下,当发动机1工作时,发动机1的动力可以通过离合器4传递到传动机构16。由于发动机1与第一电机8的第一转子12相连,因此当发动机1工作时,不论离合器4是否接合,第一电机8的第一转子12都将在发动机1的带动下而运转,而当第一电机8工作时,同样也将带动发动机1运转。
第一电机8可以为AC交流电机、开关磁阻电机、直流永磁电机等等。第一电机8既可以发电机模式工作,也可以电动机模式工作。在以发电机模式工作时,第一电机8用于将机械能转化为电能。以电动机模式工作时,第一电机8用于将电能转化为机械能。具体地说,当发动机1工作,发动机1带动第一电机8以发电机模式工作时,第一电机8将发动机1的机械能转化为电能。当第一电机8以电动机模式工作时,将电能转化为机械能,并输出至发动机1,从而带动发动机1的输出轴旋转(无论离合器4接合与否),或者输出至传动机构16(当离合器4接合时)。
由于具有上述结构,因而第一电机8可以用作发动机1的启动电机,因而无需为发动机1设置额外的启动电机,同时第一电机8还能够向传动机构16输出动力,因而,在满足动力需求的情况下,节省了部分安装空间。此外,当需要车辆倒档时,仅使第二电机15反转即可实现,因而本发明无需设置额外的倒档装置,从而进一步节省了安装倒档装置的安装空间,使本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统具有较为紧凑的整体结构。
第二电机15可以为AC交流电机、开关磁阻电机、直流永磁电机等等。第二电机15既可以发电机模式工作,也可以电动机模式工作。当以发电机模式工作时,第二电机15用于将机械能转化为电能。当以电动机模式工作时,第二电机15用于将电能转化为机械能。具体地说,当由传动机构16传递来的机械能传递至第二电机15时(如当下坡或刹车过程时),第二电机15以发电机模式工作,从而将传动机构16的机械能转化为电能。当第二电机15以电动机模式工作时,从而将电能转化为机械能,并输出至传动机构16。通常情况下,车辆通过第二电机15来进行驱动。
所述传动机构16为定速比的减速机构,例如可以为减速齿轮、变速器等等。所述减速机构16的主轴的一端与离合器从动盘总成相连,另一端从所述第一电机8的空心的转子轴中穿过,以与第二电机15的转子轴相连。并且,如本领域技术人员所公知的,输送至传动机构16的动力可以通过联轴器、车轮驱动轴等最终传递到车辆车轮,以驱动车辆行驶。
发动机1可以通过多种方式与第一电机8的第一转子12连接,例如,根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,发动机1的输出轴上固定设置有飞轮2,该飞轮2通过筒状的盖体6与第一电机8的第一转子12连接。
飞轮2与发动机1的输出轴固定连接或一体形成,并且该飞轮2通过具有内腔的筒状盖体6与第一转子12连接。具有内腔的筒状盖体6用于容纳部分的离合器4(将在下文中详细描述)。一方面,筒状盖体6为离合器4提供了保护,另一方面,将离合器4的一部分放置在筒状壳体6中,从而充分利用了安装空间,使该驱动系统的整体结构较为紧凑。
优选地,在盖体6与第一转子12之间设置有缓冲减震装置20(如图2所示),该缓冲减震装置20的一部分连接于盖体6,另一部分连接于第一转子12,从而实现发动机1与第一转子12之间的非刚性连接。因而,当发动机1刚刚开始启动时,能够缓解突然的旋转变化而引起的震动或碰撞,而且,当第一电机8开始提供动力时,缓冲减震装置20也可以提供减震或阻尼。
该缓冲减震装置20可以为现有的适用于轴向连接的减震装置中的任意一种,例如:该缓冲减震装置20可以由弹性体制成,或者该缓冲减震装置20可以为阻尼转接盘等。
飞轮2可以与盖体6分别制成并装配在一起,也可以一体形成(如铸造),以提高制造效率,降低生产成本。当离合器4处于接合状态时,离合器4能够将发动机1和第一电机8的动力传递给传动机构16;当离合器4处于分离状态时,将发动机1和第一电机8与传动机构16分离。因而,利用离合器4能够使本发明的驱动系统适用于不同的工作模式。
离合器4可以为现有的多种离合器,如圆盘式摩擦离合器或圆锥式摩擦离合器等,只要能够实现第一电机8的第一转子12与传动机构16之间的连接或分离即可。
根据一种优选的实施方式,离合器4的至少一部分位于第一转子12内(即位于第一转子12的中空部分内)。因而,利用上述筒状的盖体6和第一转子12,从而能够将离合器4的大部分或者全部设置在其中的空间内,较大程度上节省了安装空间,使本发明的驱动系统具有较为紧凑的结构。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,如图1所示,离合器4包括控制机构13、移动机构11、弹簧膜片7和摩擦盘3,其中,盖体6的一端具有向该盖体6内沿轴向延伸的凸缘5,弹簧膜片7位于盖体6内并与该凸缘5可转动地连接,摩擦盘3在盖体6内位于弹簧膜片7和飞轮2之间并与传动机构16固定连接,移动机构11在控制机构13的控制下使弹簧膜片7围绕凸缘5摆动,以使摩擦盘3与飞轮2接合或分离。
如图1所示,盖体6具有凸缘5,该凸缘5位于盖体6远离飞轮2的端部,并从该端部向筒状盖体6的内部延伸(即朝向飞轮2延伸)。凸缘5用于安装弹簧膜片7。弹簧膜片7位于盖体6内并与该凸缘5可转动地连接。摩擦盘3在盖体6内位于弹簧膜片7和飞轮2之间并与传动机构16连接。利用移动机构11(该移动机构可以固定在本发明的驱动系统的机架上,以确保该移动机构相对于车辆保持不动),能够使弹簧膜片7围绕在凸缘5上的安装位置而摆动,从而使摩擦盘3与飞轮2接合或分离。
具体来说,当移动机构11不动作时,弹簧膜片7不受移动机构11的作用而处于初始位置,此时,弹簧膜片7对摩擦盘3作用有压迫力,而将摩擦盘3压紧于飞轮2的侧表面上。在该情况下,由于摩擦盘3连接于传动机构16,从而使发动机1和第一电机1的第一转子12与传动机构16连接在一起,也就是说,离合器4处于接合状态;而当移动机构11动作并朝向摩擦盘3推动弹簧膜片7时,弹簧膜片7与移动机构11连接的部分朝向摩擦盘3偏移,而弹簧膜片7与摩擦盘3接触的部分远离摩擦盘3偏移。也就是说,此时弹簧膜片7在移动机构11的作用下围绕在凸缘5上的安装位置而摆动(类似于杠杠的摆动),因而,弹簧膜片7不会继续对摩擦盘3产生压迫力,从而使摩擦盘3与飞轮2分离,使发动机1和第一转子12与传动机构16分离,也就是说,离合器4处于分离状态。
由此可知,通过离合器4的移动机构11与弹簧膜片7的配合,从而能够控制该离合器4处于接合状态或分离状态,以使发动机1和第一电机8与传动机构16连接或断开。
在离合器4处于分离状态时,为了便于摩擦盘3与飞轮2脱离接触,可以在合适的位置(如第二电机15上)设置弹性件,该弹性件对摩擦盘3作用有拉向弹簧膜片7的弹性力。为了允许摩擦盘3在传递转矩的同时,还能够具有沿轴向的位移,摩擦盘3可以通过花键或键联接的方式而与传动机构16连接起来。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,离合器4的移动机构11位于第一转子12内,以实现具有紧凑的结构。
移动机构11的移动是由控制机构13来进行控制的,而且利用控制机构13对移动机构11的控制可以通过多种方式来实现。例如,控制机构为气动控制机构、液压控制机构或机械控制机构。当控制机构为气动控制机构时,移动机构11可以为设置在气缸中的活塞;当控制机构13为机械控制机构时,可以利用连杆滑块机构、齿轮齿条机构等来实现移动机构11(该移动机构11可以为连杆)的移动,或者还可以直接用直线电机来实现移动机构11的移动。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,控制机构13为液压控制机构,移动机构11为具有液压分离轴承10的液压执行机构,移动机构11通过该液压分离轴承10与弹簧膜片7接触。
如图3所示,在该实施方式中,通过液压控制机构13向作为液压执行机构的移动机构11加压,则液压分离轴承10会将向弹簧膜片7伸出,以与弹簧膜片7接触;而当减少移动机构11中的液体压力时,液压分离轴承10会远离弹簧膜片7而缩回,从而通过该液压分离轴承10来实现与弹簧膜片7的配合关系(液压分离轴承10的移动方向如图3中箭头所示)。由于利用液压系统,从而具有控制动作可靠、结构紧凑的优点。
此外,控制机构还可以包括驱动源14,如气泵、液压泵或电机等。控制机构13还可以包括控制器,如ECU、单片机等。
用于控制机构13和移动机构11的气动控制系统、液压控制系统和机械控制机构中,关于气动通路(如气泵与气压缸的连接通路等),液压通路(如液压泵与液压缸的连接通路等)以及机械部件(如齿轮和齿条的连接),为本领域技术人员所知悉,可以根据具体的应用场合加以选择。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,所述混合动力驱动系统还包括储能装置(未显示),该储能装置分别与第一电机8和第二电机15电连接。该储能装置用于将第一电机8和第二电机15在用作发电机时产生的电能储存起来,以便在需要的时候,再向第一电机8和/或第二电机15供电。该储能装置为可多次充放电的电能单元,如锂离子二次电池等。
下面对本发明所提供的混合动力驱动系统的工作模式进行描述。
1)纯电动工况
在纯电动工况下,只有第二电机15作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,储能装置可以向第二电机15供电,并由第二电机15驱动车辆行驶,而发动机1不工作。由于第一电机8与发动机1相连,因此第一电机8也处于不工作状态,同时离合器4处于分离状态。第二电机15以电动机模式工作,以将机械能输出至传动机构16,并最终输送至车轮17,从而驱动车辆行驶。
2)串联工况
在串联工况下,发动机1启动,并带动第一电机8,以将发动机1的机械能传递到第一电机8,使第一电机8以发电机模式工作。然后,第一电机8的电能输出至储能装置,再由储能装置向第二电机15供电,以驱动车辆行驶。此时,可以控制离合器4处于分离状态,因此发动机1的机械能不会传递到传动机构16。
3)并联工况
在并联工况下,发动机1和第二电机15同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,发动机1启动,并使离合器4处于接合状态,从而可以通过离合器4将发动机1输出的机械能传递到传动机构16。同时,第二电机15以电动机模式工作,以将机械能输出至传动机构16。因而,发动机1的动力和第二电机15的动力一同输送至传动机构16,并最终输送至车轮17,以驱动车辆行驶。
4)混联工况
在混联工况下,发动机1和第二电机15同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,一方面,发动机1启动,并使离合器4处于接合状态,从而可以通过离合器4将发动机1输出的机械能传递到传动机构16。同时,第二电机15以电动机模式工作,以将机械能输出至传动机构16,并最终将发动机1和第二电机15的动力输送至车轮17,以驱动车辆行驶。
另一方面,由于发动机1处于工作状态,因而可以带动第一电机8的第一转子12旋转,以将发动机1的机械能传递到第一电机8,此时第一电机8以发电机模式工作,从而可以将发动机1的机械能转化为电能,并输出至储能装置,对其进行充电。
5)三动力源工况
在三动力源工况下,发动机1、第一电机8以及第二电机15同时作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,此时,发动机1启动,第一电机8以电动机模式工作,离合器4处于接合状态,因而发动机1和第一电机8的动力都传递给传动机构16。与此同时,第二电机15以电动机模式工作,也将动力传递给传动机构16。因此,发动机1、第一电机8和第二电机15的动力全部输送至传动机构16,并最终输送至车轮17,以驱动车辆行驶。
6)发动机工况
在发动机工况下,仅由发动机1作为动力源驱动车辆行驶。
具体来说,发动机1启动,并使离合器4处于接合状态,以将机械能传递到传动机构16。同时,由于发动机1带动第一电机8的第一转子12一同旋转,因此第一电机8可以处于发电机模式,以产生电能。并且,传递到传动机构16的一部分机械能最终传递到车轮17,以驱动车辆行驶,而另一部分机械能则可以传递至第二电机15,因而第二电机15也能够以发电机模式工作。
7)外接电源充电工况
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式,储能装置具有外接充电接口,因此在车辆停止时可以通过该外接充电接口直接使用外部电源(如家用电源)对储能装置进行充电,以提高使用方便性。
此外,本发明提供的混合动力驱动系统还具有能量回馈模式,主要是利用第二电机15来实现能量回馈,具体来说,当车辆减速时,第二电机15将通过由车轮回馈的扭矩以发电机模式工作,从而为储能装置充电。
Claims (8)
1.一种混合动力驱动系统,该驱动系统包括:发动机(1)、离合器(4)、具有第一定子(9)和第一转子(12)的第一电机(8)、第二电机(15)以及传动机构(16),其特征在于,所述发动机(1)与所述第一电机(8)的第一转子(12)连接,所述第一转子(12)通过所述离合器(4)与所述传动机构(16)连接,所述第二电机(15)与所述传动机构(16)连接,所述发动机(1)的输出轴上固定设置有飞轮(2),该飞轮(2)通过筒状的盖体(6)与所述第一电机(8)的第一转子(12)连接,所述离合器(4)包括控制机构(13)、移动机构(11)、弹簧膜片(7)和摩擦盘(3),其中,所述盖体(6)的一端具有向该盖体(6)内沿轴向延伸的凸缘(5),所述弹簧膜片(7)位于所述盖体(6)内并与该凸缘(5)可转动地连接,所述摩擦盘(3)在所述盖体(6)内位于所述弹簧膜片(7)和所述飞轮(2)之间并与所述传动机构(16)连接,所述移动机构(11)在所述控制机构(13)的控制下使所述弹簧膜片(7)围绕所述凸缘(5)摆动,以使所述摩擦盘(3)与所述飞轮(2)接合或分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述离合器(4)的至少一部分位于所述第一电机(8)的第一转子(12)内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述离合器(4)的移动机构(11)位于所述第一转子(12)内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述控制机构(13)为液压控制机构,所述移动机构(11)为具有液压分离轴承(10)的液压执行机构,所述移动机构(11)通过该液压分离轴承(10)与所述弹簧膜片(7)接触。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述控制机构为气动控制机构或机械控制机构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述移动机构为活塞或连杆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述混合动力驱动系统还包括储能装置,该储能装置分别与所述第一电机(8)和第二电机(15)电连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合动力驱动系统,其特征在于,所述储能装置具有外接充电接口。
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US12/341,776 US8091659B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-22 | Hybrid vehicle having engageable clutch assembly coupled between engine and traction motor |
US12/341,713 US8676414B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-22 | Hybrid vehicle having multi-mode controller |
US12/341,796 US8028778B2 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-22 | Hybrid vehicle having torsional coupling between engine assembly and motor-generator |
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PCT/CN2008/002071 WO2009092197A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-25 | Hybrid vehicle having power assembly arranged transversely in engine compartment |
PCT/CN2008/002072 WO2009092198A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-12-25 | Hybrid vehicle having torsional coupling between engine assembly and motor-generator |
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