CN101720551A - 移动电话使用人类姿势来生成对通信方的响应 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在一个实施例中,一种方法包括:电子地检测经由通信设备(11)收听讲话者(39)的用户(10)的姿势(12,13),并且生成与所述姿势(12,13)相对应的可听见的和/或可视的响应。然后,将可听见的和/或可视的响应传达给讲话者。
Description
技术领域
本公开一般涉及移动通信和电话领域。
背景技术
现代的会议系统通过电话线路、因特网协议(IP)网络以及其它数据网络来辅助多个参与者之间的通信。在典型的会议会话中,参与者利用接入号码(access number)进入会议。在典型的会议会话期间,混合器接收来自参与者的音频和/或视频流,确定N个最响亮的讲话者,将来自最响亮讲话者的音频流混合,并且将经混合的媒体发送回参与者。
现有会议系统的一个缺陷在于参与者通常缺乏观察到彼此的肢体语言的能力。据其性质,肢体语言通信是双向的;即,允许收听者在收听讲话者的同时传达其感觉。对于仅限音频的参与者,这意味着讲话者不能看见其它参与者的面部表情、点头、手势等。
附图说明
将从下面的详细描述并从附图更全面地了解本发明,然而,详细描述和附图不应当被理解为将本发明限制为所示的具体实施例,而是仅用于说明和理解的目的。
图1图示出了一个人在收听通话另一端的讲话者的同时作出头部姿势的示例。
图2图示出了包括运动检测器(motion detector)的移动电话的示例体系结构。
图3图示出了示例会议系统。
图4图示出了出现在图3的会议系统中所示的端点的显示屏幕上的示例窗口。
图5图示出了图4的会议系统的示例操作方法。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中,阐述了诸如设备类型、组件、通信方法等之类的具体细节,以便提供对这里的公开的透彻理解。然而,相关领域的普通技术人员将会理解,也可以不需要这些具体细节来实施所描述的实施例。
在本申请的上下文中,通信网络是在地理上分布的用于在诸如中间节点和端节点(亦称为端点)之类的节点之间传送数据的互连子网络的集合。局域网(LAN)是这种子网络的一个示例;多个LAN还可以由诸如路由器、桥接器或交换机之类的中间网络节点互连,以扩大计算机网络的有效“大小”并增加通信节点数目。端点设备或节点的示例可以包括服务器、视频会议单元、视频终端以及个人计算机。节点通常通过根据预定义的协议交换数据的离散帧或分组来进行通信。
这里所使用的术语“会议系统”包括软件和/或硬件(包括固件)组件,这些组件被集成,以便辅助经由不同远程位置处的端点设备进行参与的人之间的语音的现场交流(live exchange),并且在某些实施方式中辅助他们之间的其它信息(音频、视频或数据)的现场交流。会议会话可以包括基于多种网络连接和协议类型的点到点或多点通话。
端点是向能够经由会议系统参与音频会议会话的端用户、客户端或人提供媒体通信端接的设备。可以用来发起或参与会议会话的端点设备包括移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、基于因特网协议的语音(VoIP)电话、诸如笔记本计算机、膝上型计算机或桌上型计算机之类的个人计算机(PC);音频/视频装置;或者能够发起或参与与音频(或音频/可视)会议系统之间的交流的任何其它设备、组件、元件或者物体。
概述
在一个实施例中,移动电话(或者与移动电话或电话机基座通信的耳机)包括内置的运动检测器。运动检测器被配置来捕获用户的头部和/或手的姿势,并且将它们传达给远程讲话者。例如,装备有这种移动电话的参与音频会议会话的个体可能以赞同(头部的上/下运动)或不赞同(头部的左右运动)他听到的来自远程讲话者的言论的姿势来摇晃其头部。这种姿势性信息(gesticular information)被捕获并被传达回讲话者,以向讲话者提供通信反馈。
根据具体实施例,一种标准的运动激活型双重开关运动检测器被包括在移动电话(或者分离的耳机单元)中,来检测垂直和水平方向的头部摇晃。在另一实施例中,回转设备(gyroscopic device)可以用来提供对用户头部运动的更精确检测,这可以包括区分不意图传达信息的不经意头部运动、轻微点头、以及意图热切地传达对讲话者消息的同意或不同意的更强烈或有力的头部姿势。
用户的头部姿势可以在耳机处被分析以判断检测到的运动是肯定的(即,意图表达赞同)、否定的(即,意图表达不赞同)还是非通讯性的(即,不意图是通讯性的姿势,例如头部的不经意扭转)。或者,检测器感测到的运动可以被发送到另一设备、单元或网络节点(例如服务器)供进一步地分析,并随后被发送到讲话者和/或其它参与讨论者。
虽然许多移动电话包括摄像机,然而,它们缺乏捕获讲话者肢体语言并将该肢体语言传达给另一收听者的能力。结果,通过移动电话的通话往往是单向的,即,未能从收听者向讲话者传达姿势性信息。
图1图示出了人10在通过其移动电话11收听通话另一端的讲话者的同时作出头部姿势的一个示例。移动电话11装备有内置运动检测器(例如图2中的元件23),其可操作来捕获用户10的肯定性上下点头运动(由弧形箭头12示出)以及否定性左右头部运动(由弧形箭头13示出)。移动电话11还包括容纳在如下这样配置的单元中的标准麦克风和扬声器组件,该单元被配置以使得扬声器可以位于用户耳朵附近或对着用户耳朵,并且使麦克风位于捕获用户话音的位置。
本领域的从业人员将会理解,不用直接向移动电话10讲话,而是,用户10可以使用经由无线(例如,蓝牙)或有线连接与移动电话或另一电话机基座通信的头戴式送受话器(headset)或耳机(earpiece)。由头戴式送受话器或耳机传输的信息可以包括话音(语音)以及由包括在头戴式送受话器或耳机内的运动检测器检测到的运动信号或姿势信息。
图2图示出了移动电话20的示例体系结构,该移动电话20包括经由系统总线24与中央处理单元(CPU)21相耦合的运动检测器23。存储器22、无线收发机26以及输入/输出(I/O)单元25也耦合到系统总线24。无线收发机26被示为与相关联的天线27耦合。移动电话20还包括耦合到CPU 21和无线收发机26用于在通话期间与远程的人(或机器)进行语音通信的标准麦克风和扬声器组件(未示出)。CPU可操作来经由无线收发机26通过网络向远程端点发出呼叫。另外,在与端点的通话期间,运动检测器23将方向性运动信息(即,信号)发送给CPU 21。CPU 21将检测到的运动分析为肯定性的、否定性的或非通讯性的。硬件、软件和/或固件模块28与CPU 21相耦合以用于对由检测器23检测到的运动信号进行可选的分析。例如,姿势识别软件可以用来精确地区分并解释某些头部运动。在其它实施例中,对由运动检测器23产生的信号的分析可由某些其它网络节点来执行。CPU 21还针对根据从检测器23接收到的运动信号确定的特定姿势类型,选择适当的感官输出(例如,可听的和/或可视的)。
另外,CPU 21可以运行专用于识别字母数字字符的软件(或固件),从而允许移动电话的用户拼写某些字符(例如,字母“A”或数字“8”)来辅助人机交互。例如,在交互式语音应答(IVR)系统难以理解用户的语音命令或输入的情况中,用户可以通过适当地移动其移动电话(例如,通过以在空中描绘(一个或多个)字符的方式来移动其手里的移动电话)来拼写被误解的字符或单词。
在一个实施例中,CPU 21可以经由无线收发机26来建立移动电话20与通话的另一端的端点设备之间的数据通信信道。所有的姿势信息通过该数据信道被发送到远程讲话者的端点。例如,在接收到收听者的头部姿势信息后,讲话者的端点可以以背景“耳语”音调的形式播放与“aha”的赞同声音或“mm mm”的不赞同声音类似的语音文件。收听者的头部姿势越强烈并且越急剧,则播放给讲话者的赞同和不赞同声音就响亮。
在另一实施例中,远程讲话者的端点设备可以被配置,以使得可以利用诸如发光二极管(例如,赞同为绿色、不赞同为红色)或显示屏幕上的书面消息之类的可视指示物来将通话另一端的收听者的头部姿势传达给讲话者,这些可视指示物例如表明收听者正以同意或不同意的方式摇晃他的头部。
图3图示出了示例会议系统,该系统包括经由网络30与包括移动电话31-33以及装备有相机36的个人计算机(PC)35在内的多个端点相连的会议服务器37以及姿势服务器38。移动电话31-33的每个都装备有内置的运动检测器以检测每个相关联的用户/参与者的头部姿势。PC 35也可以配置有用于分析并解释由相机36捕获的用户39的姿势的软件(或固件)。
在所示实施例中,会议服务器37包括在服务器37的控制下混合和/或交换在其输入端口处接收到的音频信号的数字信号处理器(DSP)或基于固件/软件的系统。在会议服务器端口处接收到的音频信号源自每个会议或集会参与者(例如,使用端点设备31-33以及35的各个会议参与者),并且可能源自交互式语音应答(IVR)系统(未示出)。
会议服务器37和姿势服务器38都包括实现这里所述的各种特征和功能的软件(或固件)插件或模块。在一个实施方式中,会议服务器37负责建立并维护各个参与者端点设备之间的控制和媒体信道,并且管理对参与者话音的混合。另一方面,姿势服务器38负责处理用来在当前的讲话者和收听者之间传送姿势信息的数据信道通信。另外,姿势服务器可以处理接收到的姿势信息以产生针对讲话者的统计信息和/或其它类型的姿势反馈信息。
作为示例,假设正在进行如下会议会话:参与者39当前正向使用移动电话31-33的参与者讲话。此外,假设电话31和32检测到指示赞同的头部姿势,而电话33检测到不赞同的头部姿势。在这种场合中,姿势服务器可以产生发送到PC 35的输出反馈信息,该反馈信息包括在PC 35处的“aha”及跟随其后的“mm mm”,“aha”的音量是“mm mm”的两倍大以反映2∶1的赞同与不赞同比率。
将会理解,在不同的具体实施方式中,用于会议参与者的媒体路径可以包括音频/视频传输,例如利用跨多个服务、系统和设备的连接来通过多种不同网络(例如,因特网、内联网、PSTN、无线等)、协议(例如,IP、异步传输模式(ATM)、点到点协议(PPP))发送的实时传送协议(RTP)分组。例如,虽然未明确示出,然而,到每个移动电话31-33的连接路径可以包括在无线供应商网络上的并经过各种网关设备的连接。
图4图示出了出现在图3的会议系统中的PC 35的显示屏幕上的示例窗40。在此实施例中,运行在PC 35上的软件图形化地显示了从姿势服务器38接收到的姿势反馈信息。在此示例中,多个用户(即,电话31-33的用户)正收听讲话者39的讲座或者正参与与讲话者39的会议。窗口40向讲话者39提供与赞同的收听者数目相对于不赞同(或不理解)的收听者数目有关的可视反馈。例如,图4图形化地以箭头41的形式示出赞同其所听到的内容的收听者的百分比,并且以箭头42的形式示出不赞同其所听到的内容的收听者的百分比。在此情况中,箭头41是箭头42的两倍大(长),这反映了如下事实:两个收听者赞同讲话者39递送的消息并且一个收听者不赞同讲话者39递送的消息。其他类型的可视指示物也可以图形化地显示其头部运动未展示任何姿势的中立的人的数目。
本领域从业人员将明白,窗口40可以由运行在用户的PC或其它端点设备上的图形用户界面软件(即代码)来生成。在其它情况下,GUI可以包括由运行在端点上的浏览器软件访问的协作性的基于web的应用。在其它实例中,GUI可以包括下载的应用(例如,从姿势服务器38下载的)或者可由参与者的PC、移动电话或其它端点设备载入或访问的其它形式的计算机可执行代码。例如,用于实现GUI的软件代码可以运行在服务器38上并且由希望利用这里提供的特征的用户访问。在具有显示屏幕的移动电话的情况中,当用户经由可通信地与移动电话相耦合的头戴式送受话器或耳机进行讲话时,屏幕可以显示当前的赞同/不赞同统计信息。
通过在讲话者讲话期间定期地监视窗口40,讲话者39可以针对其收听者调整(tailor)其讲话或论述。例如,讲话者可以根据从听众接收到的姿势反馈信息,来决定跳过某个素材,更快地向前、减速或者以不同的方式重申其刚才的观点。换言之,讲话者39例如可以基于经由界面窗口40传达的肢体语言(头部姿势)来改变内容和递送速度,从而调整对其消息的递送。
注意,还可以在所有参与者间传达并共享与收听者的肢体语言有关的、由服务器38收集的姿势性信息以及生成的统计信息。此外,姿势性信息的共享是动态的、双向的,意味着当移动电话31的用户询问问题或取得发言权(例如,在半双工或一键通(push-to-talk,PTT)环境中)时,用户39以及移动电话32和33的用户的非言语姿势可以被捕获并以上述方式被传达给移动电话31。在PTT环境中,会议系统还可以被配置或适配为捕获并解释简短的言语声音或评论,例如“是”、“否”、“aha”、“mm mm”等,并且在生成针对讲话者的与收听者群组的赞同/不赞同有关的统计反馈时,将所述言语声音或评论与非言语姿势包括在一起。可以在与语音路径或主通信信道分开的低带宽信道(例如控制信号信道)上发送这种肯定性/否定性反馈信息。
应当明白,会议服务器37和姿势服务器38不一定被实现为网络30上的分离的组件或节点。换言之,可以将每个的功能集成或包括在存在于网络上的单个服务器节点中。
图5图示出了图4的会议系统的示例操作方法。处理开始于已经进行的会议会话;即,到所有参与者的媒体和控制信道已经建立(块51)。此时,系统等待直到其接收到由与端点设备相关联或包括在端点设备中的运动检测器所捕获的姿势信息为止。一旦从一个或多个参与者接收到姿势数据(块52),则系统可以继续对接收到的数据进行采样达预定时间段。在采样时段结束之后,可以处理采样数据(例如,以解释其指示赞同还是不赞同)并生成统计信息(块53)。
统计信息可以包括赞同或不赞同讲话者的当前言论的收听者的各自百分比。在运动检测器能够在轻微的头部运动与更加明显的或生动的姿势之间进行区分的系统中,系统可以收集与更宽范围的收听者反应有关的统计信息。例如,收听者可能落入的统计类别可以包括“极度赞同”、“略微赞同”、“中立”、“略微不赞同”以及“极不赞同”。
一旦针对收听者反应的给定采样生成了统计信息,则系统输出将被发送到讲话者的反馈响应(例如,可听见的和/或可视的)。特定类型的反馈响应可由姿势服务器基于与讲话者所使用的特定种类的端点有关的可用信息来控制。反馈响应还可以被输出给所有参与的收听者,其中,将响应的类型或性质调整为适于目的地端点设备。这被示为在块54处发生。由于系统动态地操作,在预定采样时段内(例如,2秒)对收听者姿势进行采样,因此,系统再次等待直到任何另外的姿势信息由任何参与者接收到为止(块55)。当接收到新的或另外的姿势数据时,处理返回到块52。然后,新的采样时段被启动,之后是上面讨论的处理和传输步骤。
应当明白,也可以以计算机程序产品的形式来提供本发明的元件,其可以包括存储有指令的机器可读介质,指令可以用来对计算机(例如,处理器或其它电子设备)编程以执行操作序列。或者,可通过硬件和软件的组合来执行操作。机器可读介质可以包括但不限于软盘、光盘、CD-ROM,以及磁光盘、ROM、RAM、EPROM、EEPROM、磁卡或光学卡、传播介质或者适合于存储电子指令的其它类型的介质/机器可读介质。例如,本发明的元件可以以计算机程序产品的形式被下载,其中,可以经由通信链路(例如,调制解调器或网络连接)通过包括在载波中的数据信号或者其它传播介质来将程序从远程计算机或电话设备传送到作出请求的进程。
另外,虽然已结合具体实施例描述了本发明,然而,各种修改和变更也在本发明的范围之内。因此,说明书和附图被认为是说明性的而非限制性。
Claims (25)
1.一种方法,包括:
电子地检测经由通信设备收听讲话者讲话的用户的姿势;
生成与所述姿势相对应的感官响应;以及
将所述感官响应传达给所述讲话者。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述传达包括:经由网络上的第一信道将可听见的和/或可视的响应发送到所述讲话者,所述第一信道与用于在所述用户与所述讲话者之间通信的第二信道相分离。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述感官响应包括可听见的和/或可视的响应。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述姿势包括所述用户的上下头部运动或左右头部运动。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述可听见的和/或可视的响应包括:在所述姿势包括所述用户的上下头部运动时的肯定性指示,以及在所述姿势包括所述用户的左右头部运动时的否定性指示。
6.一种方法,包括:
从经由多个端点设备收听会议会话中的讲话者讲话的参与者接收肯定性姿势响应和否定性姿势响应,所述肯定性姿势响应和否定性姿势响应是响应于所述讲话者的一个或多个言论而作出的并由所述端点设备电子地检测到;
基于接收到的肯定性响应的百分比或数目以及否定性姿势响应的百分比或数目来生成统计信息;
将所述统计信息经由感官输出传达给所述讲话者。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述感官输出包括可听见的和/或可视的响应。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,还包括:将所述统计信息传达给所述参与者。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述检测发生在采样时段期间。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述讲话者经由具有显示屏幕的通信设备连接到所述会议会话,并且所述统计信息的传达包括:在所述显示屏幕上图形化地显示所述肯定性响应的百分比或数目以及所述否定性响应的百分比或数目。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述肯定性姿势响应和否定性姿势响应是通过利用分别附接到所述参与者的端点设备或包括在所述参与者的端点设备内的运动检测器感测所述参与者的头部运动来检测的。
12.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述端点设备包括至少一个移动电话。
13.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述端点设备包括与移动电话通信地耦合的至少一个头戴式送受话器或耳机设备。
14.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述肯定性响应和否定性响应是经由网络的数据或控制信道接收的,数据通信信道与用于向所述参与者传达所述一个或多个言论的语音信道相分离。
15.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,每个所述肯定性响应对应于上下头部运动,并且每个所述否定性响应对应于左右头部运动。
16.一种装置,包括:
扬声器;
麦克风,所述扬声器和所述麦克风被容纳在一单元中;
运动检测器,当所述单元被放置以使得所述扬声器靠近或对着用户的耳朵并且所述麦克风位于捕获用户的话音的位置时,所述运动检测器电子地检测所述用户的头部姿势;以及
用于通过网络向远程端点发出呼叫的装置,所述装置还用于在所述用户收听来自所述远程端点的话音期间将指示所述头部姿势的信息传输给所述远程端点。
17.如权利要求16所述的装置,其中,所述装置包括与无线收发机耦合的一个或多个处理器,所述无线收发机可操作来通过第一通信信道在用户与所述远程端点之间传送语音通信,并且通过第二通信信道传送指示所述头部姿势的信息。
18.如权利要求16所述的装置,其中,所述头部姿势包括用户对与所述远程端点相关联的讲话者的一个或多个言论的肯定性响应和否定性响应。
19.如权利要求18所述的装置,其中,所述讲话者包括交互式语音应答系统(IVR)。
20.如权利要求18所述的装置,其中,每个所述肯定性响应对应于所述用户的上下头部运动,并且每个所述否定性响应对应于所述用户的左右头部运动。
21.一种系统,包括:
会议服务器,所述会议服务器与多个端点设备相连,这多个端点设备中的每一个被配置有用于检测用户的姿势的运动检测器,该运动检测器响应于上下姿势产生肯定性输出,并且响应于左右姿势产生否定性输出,所述会议服务器通过网络与所述多个端点设备连接;以及
姿势服务器,所述姿势服务器通过网络与所述多个端点设备相耦合,用于从所述多个端点设备中的一组端点设备中的每个端点设备接收肯定性响应和否定性响应并且生成反映所述肯定性响应的百分比或数目以及所述否定性响应的百分比或数目的感官输出。
22.如权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述感官输出包括可听见的和/或可视的姿势,并且所述姿势服务器还可操作来将所述可听见的和/或可视的输出传输给所述多个端点设备中的所述一组端点设备。
23.一种装置,包括:
一个或多个处理器;以及
存储器,所述存储器包括可在处理器中执行的一个或多个指令,所述一个或多个处理器在执行所述指令时可操作来:
从经由多个端点设备收听会议会话中的讲话者讲话的参与者接收肯定性姿势响应和否定性姿势响应,所述肯定性姿势响应和否定性姿势响应是响应于所述讲话者的一个或多个言论而作出的并由所述端点设备电子地检测到;
基于接收到的肯定性响应的百分比或数目以及否定性姿势响应的百分比或数目来生成统计信息;以及
将所述统计信息经由感官输出传达给所述讲话者。
24.如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,所述一个或多个处理器在执行所述指令时还可操作来将所述统计信息传达给所述参与者。
25.如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,所述感官输出包括可听见的和/或可视的响应。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8817061B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 |
EP2163082A2 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
US20090009588A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2009006173A2 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2009006173A3 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
CN101720551B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
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