CN101720277A - 非镜面虹彩膜 - Google Patents
非镜面虹彩膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101720277A CN101720277A CN200880023176A CN200880023176A CN101720277A CN 101720277 A CN101720277 A CN 101720277A CN 200880023176 A CN200880023176 A CN 200880023176A CN 200880023176 A CN200880023176 A CN 200880023176A CN 101720277 A CN101720277 A CN 101720277A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- thermoplastic resin
- laminated film
- thin layer
- transparent thermoplastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Images
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Abstract
由至少10个大致平行的层构成的透明热塑性树脂质膜,其中毗邻层是折光指数相差至少大约0.03的不同透明热塑性材料,改进所述膜的平面性以反射非镜面色。可以通过将热塑性外层与多层膜共挤出来实现所述膜的改进,所述热塑性外层的固化温度低于其余膜层,冷却所述膜以改进其平面性。
Description
发明背景
含有具有不同折光指数的两种聚合物的交替层的多层塑料膜在各层具有合适的厚度时是虹彩的。这类膜描述在授予Cooper、Shetty和Pinsky的美国专利No.Re 31,780和均授予Shetty和Cooper的美国专利No.5,089,318和美国专利No.5,451,449(它们经此引用并入本文)以及其它专利中。虹彩色通过光干涉现象产生。交替聚合物层对儿构成光学芯。通常,最外层或表层比光学芯中的层要厚。这种较厚的表层可以由光学芯中的组分之一构成,或可以是用于赋予所述膜所需物理、机械或其它性质的不同聚合物。
该多层膜由多个大致平行的透明热塑性树脂材料层构成,其中毗邻层是折光指数相差至少大约0.03的不同树脂材料。该膜含有至少10层,更通常至少35层,优选至少大约70层。
该膜的各层极薄,通常大约30至500纳米,优选大约50-400纳米,这造成从许多界面反射的光波的相长干涉。根据层厚度和聚合物的折光指数,反射一个主波长带,其余光透过该膜。反射的波长与层对儿的光学厚度之和成比例。
反射光的量(反射度)和颜色强度取决于两个折光指数之差、取决于层的光学厚度的比率、取决于层数和取决于厚度均匀性。如果折光指数相同,则完全没有来自层间界面的反射。在多层虹彩膜中,毗邻层的折光指数相差至少0.03,优选相差至少0.06或更大。对一级反射而言,尽管当两个光学厚度的比率在5∶95和95∶5之间时可以实现合适的高反射度,但当层的光学厚度相等时,反射度最高。少至10层时获得明显的颜色反射。但是,对最高颜色强度而言,需要具有35至1,000层或甚至更多层。高颜色强度与相对较窄并在其峰处具有高反射度的反射带相关联。应该认识到,尽管在此为方便起见使用术语“颜色强度”,但相同考虑事项也适用于在紫外和红外范围内的不可见反射。
可以通过骤冷辊流延技术制造多层膜,其中使用与进料部件(feedblock)(其收集来自两个或更多个挤出机各自的熔体并将它们排列成所需层型式)联合的传统单歧管平膜模头。例如在美国专利Nos.3,565,985和3,773,882中描述了进料部件。进料部件可用于形成双组分(即ABAB...);三组分(例如ABCABCA...或ACBCACBC...);或更多组分的交替层。极窄的多层流流过单歧管平膜模头,在此这些层同时铺展至模头宽度并变薄至最终模头出口厚度。可以在插入不同的进料部件模块时改变层数和它们的厚度分布。通常,片材各面上的最外层比其它层厚。这种较厚的表层可以由构成光学芯的组分之一构成;可以是用于赋予合意的机械、热密封或其它性质的不同聚合物;或可以是这些的组合。
虹彩膜的一些近期发展描述在美国专利Nos.Re.31,780;4,937,134;和5,089,318中。美国专利No.Re.31,780描述了使用热塑性对苯二甲酸酯聚酯或共聚酯树脂作为该体系的高折光指数组分。在美国专利No.4,937,134中描述了弹性体干涉膜的形成,其中所有树脂材料都是特定的热塑性聚氨酯、聚酯嵌段酰胺或挠性共聚酯。美国专利No.5,089,318公开了由至少10个大致平行的层构成的改进的多层反光透明热塑性树脂膜,其中毗邻层为折光指数相差至少大约0.03的不同透明热塑性树脂材料且树脂材料中的至少一种是工程热塑性弹性体树脂。
当在积分球分光光度计上测量典型纳米层虹彩膜的颜色时,在测量中肯定包括镜面反射光,或完全测不出颜色(包括镜面反射的仪器构造)。这归因于这些膜结构的设计和特性以及光折射和反射的物理学。目前没有在非镜面角可见镜面反射色的市售纳米层虹彩膜。
发明概述
本发明涉及新型虹彩膜,其中在非镜面角可见镜面反射色。这实现之前用现有技术的虹彩膜不可实现的用途和外观。
通过含有两种具不同折光指数的聚合物的交替层且本领域中已知的多层塑料膜的表面和/或整个结构的改进,实现了这种新的光学效果。这种改进(被认为是该膜的并列层的平面性的改变)改变了光在进入和离开典型纳米层虹彩膜结构时的角度。这种改进使该反射的相长干涉部分变向而偏离镜面角/该发射的镜面光泽部分。提供了几种将多层膜改进的方法。
附图详述
图1是显示现有技术的多层虹彩膜的反射性质的示意图。
图2是显示本发明的的虹彩膜的反射性质的示意图。
图3是从现有技术的虹彩膜上反射的光的测量。
图4是从本发明的虹彩膜上反射的光的测量。
图5是使用固定在25°角的光源的情况下,从现有技术的虹彩膜和本发明的虹彩膜上反射的光的测量。
图6是作为在现有技术的虹彩膜和本发明的虹彩膜上的测量角度的函数的L值的测量。
图7a是使用固定在25°角的光源的情况下,现有技术的虹彩膜和本发明的虹彩膜的色度值a和b的二维曲线图。
图7b是使用固定在65°角的光源的情况下,现有技术的虹彩膜和本发明的虹彩膜的色度值a和b的二维曲线图。
发明详述
本发明适用于此前存在的所有虹彩多层膜。这类膜由多个大致平行或基本平行的透明热塑性树脂材料层构成,其中毗邻层为折光指数相差至少大约0.03,优选至少0.06的不同树脂材料。这些膜含有至少10层,或通常至少35层,优选至少70层。膜中的各树脂材料层极薄,通常为大约30至500纳米,优选大约50至400纳米。
所述多层膜通常通过骤冷辊流延技术制造,其中来自两个或更多个挤出机的热塑性树脂材料熔体被进料部件收集,该部件将它们排列成所需成层型式。该极窄的多层流流过单歧管平膜模头,这些层同时铺展至模头宽度并变薄至最终模头出口厚度。可以通过使用不同的进料部件模块来改变层数和它们的厚度分布。通常,片材各面上的最外层比其它层厚而形成相对较厚的表层。用于形成该表层的树脂材料可以是构成光学芯的组分之一,或用于赋予合意的机械、热密封或其它性质的不同聚合物;或这些的组合。
提供虹彩膜的层的合适的材料的具体实例:包括聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)及其异构体(例如2,6-、1,4-、1,5-、2,7-和2,3-PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和聚-对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二亚甲酯)、聚酰亚胺(例如聚丙烯酰亚胺)、聚醚酰亚胺、无规立构聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯(例如聚甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯、和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚丙烯酸酯(例如聚丙烯酸丁酯和聚丙烯酸甲酯)、间规立构聚苯乙烯(sPS)、间规立构聚-α-甲基苯乙烯、间规立构聚二氯苯乙烯、任何这些聚苯乙烯的共聚物和共混物、纤维素衍生物(例如乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素和硝酸纤维素)、聚烯聚合物(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯和聚(4-甲基)戊烯)、氟化聚合物(例如全氟烷氧基树脂、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚偏二氟乙烯、和聚氯三氟乙烯)、氯化聚合物(例如聚偏二氯乙烯和聚氯乙烯)、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚酰胺、有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚醚酰胺、离聚物树脂、弹性体(例如聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯和氯丁橡胶)和聚氨酯。同样合适的是共聚物,例如PEN共聚物(例如2,6-、1,4-、1,5-、2,7-和/或2,3-萘二甲酸或其酯与(a)对苯二甲酸或其酯,(b)间苯二甲酸或其酯;(c)邻苯二甲酸或其酯;(d)链烷二醇;(e)环烷二醇(例如环己烷二甲烷二醇);(f)链烷二羧酸;和/或(g)环烷二羧酸(例如环己烷二甲酸)的共聚物)、聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯的共聚物(例如对苯二甲酸或其酯与(a)萘二甲酸或其酯;(b)间苯二甲酸或其酯;(c)邻苯二甲酸或其酯;(d)链烷二醇;(e)环烷二醇(例如环己烷二甲烷二醇);(f)链烷二羧酸;和/或(g)环烷二羧酸(例如环己烷二甲酸)的共聚物)、和苯乙烯共聚物(例如苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物)、4,4′-联苯甲酸和乙二醇。此外,各层各自可以包括两种或更多种上述聚合物或共聚物的共混物(例如sPS和无规立构聚苯乙烯的共混物)。所述coPEN也可以是丸粒共混物,其中至少一种组分是基于萘二甲酸的聚合物,其它组分是其它聚酯或聚碳酸酯,如PET、PEN或co-PEN。
热塑性弹性体(TPE)可用作树脂材料之一。这类材料是热塑性硬链段和软弹性体链段的共聚物,热塑性硬链段例如有聚对苯二甲酸丁酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚碳酸酯等,软弹性体链段例有如聚醚二醇、有机硅橡胶、聚醚酰亚胺和类似物。改变软弹性体链段的百分比会产生具有不同折光指数的热塑性弹性体。因此可以产生折光指数与基础硬链段热塑性聚合物相差大于0.03的热塑性弹性体共聚物。还可以获得具有相同的硬和软链段但折光指数差大于0.03的两种TPE,其中这两种TPE之间的唯一差别是共聚物中的软弹性体链段的量。
热塑性弹性体优选是含有重复的源自二羧酸和长链二醇的长链酯单元和源自二羧酸和低分子量二醇的短链酯单元的嵌段热塑性共聚酯。
长链二醇是具有末端(或尽可能接近末端的)氢氧基和高于大约400,优选大约400至4,000的分子量的聚合物二醇。它们可以是聚(环氧烷)二醇,例如聚(环氧乙烷)二醇、聚(环氧丙烷)二醇、聚(环氧丁烷)二醇和类似物。
短链酯单元是指分子量小于大约550的低分子量化合物或聚合物链单元。它们使用低分子量二醇(低于大约250)(如乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇等)或同等的成酯衍生物(如对乙二醇而言,等同的是环氧乙烷或碳酸亚乙酯)与二羧酸形成酯单元而制得。
二羧酸是具有低分子量,即具有小于大约300的分子量的脂族、脂环族或芳族二羧酸。实例包括对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、环己二甲酸、己二酸、琥珀酸、草酸和类似物。
所述嵌段热塑性共聚酯弹性体是本领域中公知的并描述在例如美国专利Nos.3,651,014、3,763,109、3,766,146和3,784,520中,它们的公开内容经此引用并入本文。
本发明的基本特征是对表面和/或整个多层膜结构的改进,其改变了光在进入和离开典型纳米层虹彩膜结构时的角度。这种改进表现为构成膜的毗邻层的平面性改变或“皱纹”。该改进结构使该反射的相长干涉部分变向而偏离镜面角/发射的镜面光泽部分。通过本发明制成的膜的特征在于,即使在排除镜面光的情况下测量时和在非镜面角测量时,也能测得亮反射色(如用测角分光光度计(goniospectrophotometer)获取颜色读数时可以看出的那样,参见例如实施例1)。换言之,本发明的膜造成光的显著非镜面反射(即光偏离镜面角反射)。本文所用的“光的显著非镜面反射”是指,与在包括镜面反射的构造中测量的相同样品相比,在排除镜面反射的仪器构造中用积分球分光光度计测量时,镜面反射光的至少30%、至少40%、至少50%或至少75%。
本发明的虹彩膜产生之前用本领域已知的虹彩膜从未看出的“光亮”色彩效应。通过使虹彩镜面反射色偏离镜面角,现在可以在不受镜面光源干涉的情况下在许多不同角度看见强的虹彩色。镜面光源通过压倒虹彩色而降低了现有技术膜的感知颜色强度。本发明的改进膜具有极大提高的感知颜色强度。此外,本发明的膜可以通过金属化处理并仍保持虹彩色,使用现有技术的虹彩膜结构时该虹彩色几乎总会被消除。这又能够制造具有与金属化相关联的物理性质(如阻挡层电阻)以及装饰性质(如镜面状反射)的虹彩装饰结构。
现在参看图1和2,可以描述现有技术的多层虹彩膜和本发明的改进多层膜的反射度特性的差异。在图1中,现有技术的多层虹彩膜用标号10标示。入射到膜10上的入射光用箭头12和14标示。由于该膜的毗邻层之间的不同折光指数,在光穿过该透明膜10时,箭头14所示的入射光如标号16所示弯折。光如标号18所示从膜10的两个毗邻层之间的界面11反射并如箭头22所示作为反射色从膜10的表面上导出。箭头22所示的这种反射光提供了膜10的虹彩色。不幸地,标号12所示的入射光作为如标号20所示的光源镜像反射从膜10的表面上反射。如标号20所示来自膜10表面的这种镜面光泽与如标号22所示的虹彩色(其从膜中出来的方向也是入射光的镜面角)混合。来自光20的镜面光泽使反射光22的颜色变淡或变暗。从膜10上没有反射出偏离镜面角的有色光。
图2显示了根据如下文更充分描述的本发明的方法改进的虹彩膜的反射度特性。在图2中,该改进虹彩膜通常用标号30标示。入射光用标号32和34标示。同样由于构成膜30的毗邻层的折光指数差异,如箭头34所示的接触该膜的光在其穿过该膜时弯折。用箭头36表示入射光穿过膜30时从箭头34方向的变向。箭头36的光随后如标号38所示从膜30的毗邻层之间的界面31反射,并如箭头40和42所示从膜30的表面反射出颜色。在本发明的膜中,如箭头40和42所示的虹彩反射色偏离镜面角。这如标示箭头40和42所示留下虹彩色,看起来难以置信地深、丰富和强烈,因为这种颜色不会被箭头44所示的由入射光32从膜30的表面呈光泽形式反射的镜面光冲淡。
本发明的新型虹彩膜和所实现的颜色的特定反射度可以通过几种方法实现。在各方法中,据信,不仅将膜表面改进,且该改进还从表面更深入到该膜中。如果本发明的方法仅改进膜表面,据信,一旦该膜层压到一表面上,则该表面中的皱纹或其它平面缺陷会被用于将该膜层压到另一表面上的粘合剂填充,并消除该效应。即使将本发明的膜层压到另一表面上,仍能看出该膜的不寻常和新颖的颜色效应。相应地,该膜的平面性的破坏必须延伸超过其表面,并且不作为轻微表面缺陷存在。
将虹彩多层膜改进以通过本发明发现的独特反射特性的优选方法是在经由所需进料部件共挤出膜层的过程中加工该膜,如前所描和如上文提到并经此引用并入本文的U.S.3,565,985和U.S.3,773,882中阐述。根据本发明的这一方面,将外层或表层熔融并通过平膜模头与该膜的其它层共挤出。该表层具有与构成多层膜的芯的至少一层明显不同的固化温度。因此,根据本发明,在共挤出过程中,表层与构成该膜的芯的其它多层共挤出,且其中该表层与该膜的芯多层中的至少一层不相容。本文所用的术语“不相容”是指该表层具有明显不同的固化温度并通常在比所述其它层中的至少一个低的温度下固化。例如,由各种聚酯形成的多层膜,如由对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯或丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸酯形成的膜在冷却过程中具有与聚烯烃层明显不同的固化温度。
在表层与构成本发明的虹彩膜的其它多层共挤出后,随后将该共挤出膜导向骤冷辊,在此不相容表层接触该骤冷或流延辊。如果流延辊温度比所用光学芯聚合物的正常冷却温度低30-80°F,则非常有用。例如,如果PBT表层与含有聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylenethacrylate)的交替层的芯膜共挤出,则典型冷却温度为大约160-180°F。根据本发明,在PBT/PMMA芯膜的一面上含有聚乙烯表层的多层膜的冷却为大约90-100°F。由于该聚乙烯层在更低温度下固化并因此在比构成该多层膜的其它层的材料更快的速率下固化,因此不仅在接触该表层的膜表面上形成一定类型的皱纹或平面变形,而且该变形看起来还存在于表面以下,甚至大致贯穿整个膜。为了在破坏该膜的平面性方面实现最佳结果,共挤出的表层的固化温度与构成该多层膜的其余层的固化温度应明显不同。本文所用的“明显不同”是指该共挤出的表层的固化温度应比用于形成芯层的固化温度低至少大约25%。例如,共挤出的表层固化温度比芯层低至少40%。
在该表层与该多层膜的其余层物理不相容以致该表层易随时间而与该膜的芯脱层的情况下,在该膜冷却后从芯膜上移除表层是有用的。一旦移除表层,留下的芯膜可用在之前已使用虹彩膜的任何制品中。通过本发明的方法形成的膜可进一步层压到任何合适的基底上并用在目前使用虹彩膜的任何应用中。与现有技术的膜相比,感觉到的更亮的虹彩色和最高颜色强度的改进以及所述颜色的更宽视角可以极大改进本发明膜的装饰作用。如果实际上,该不相容表层与芯膜的多层物理和化学相容,本发明的不相容表层可保持层压在芯膜上。因此,可使用固化时间明显快于该芯膜的其余聚酯层的特定聚酯膜作为表层。
已经发现,对于反射非镜面色的虹彩膜的上述制造方法,该效应通常是定向的。例如,通过将表现出明亮强烈的非镜面色的膜相对于入射光旋转90°,非镜面色反射被消除。
几种其它方法据信可用于实现本领域中已知的多层膜的平面破坏。但是,这些其它方法可能具有上述方法中不存在的一些缺点。因此,在上述方法中,实际在该多层膜的正常挤出和冷却过程中实现该膜的变形。但是,下述方法是后处理步骤,其中成型且固化的多层膜随后被加工。这种后继加工可能显著增加这种造膜法的成本。
在破坏多层膜的平面性和影响其光学性质的这些备选方法之一中,将如现有技术那样形成的共挤出多层膜导入溶剂浴,该溶剂与构成芯膜的多层的至少一层不相容。在此方法中,据信,溶剂溶胀或以其它方式破坏一部分多层膜以永久破坏该膜,从而获得本发明的膜的虹彩非镜面色。因此,已经发现,由PEN和其它聚酯如PBT和类似物形成的某些聚酯基膜在三氯乙烯中处理时,和由EVA和其它聚酯形成的膜在甲基乙基酮中处理时,会产生非镜面虹彩色。明显地,出于成本和/或甚至安全原因,有机溶剂以及后继后处理法的使用可能使这种方法不实际。
在另一备选方法中,将现有技术中已知的成型多层膜在炉中在精确条件下加热以造成交替和毗邻膜层之间的不同收缩率,并再造成芯膜表面处和贯穿芯膜的皱纹或其它平面变形。一些成型膜可以经一系列加热的辊加热以造成平面变形。这些方法仍涉及简洁但通常过长的后操作方法步骤,它们增加该膜的成本。此外,并非始终确定这种方法提供一致的结果,尽管其被公开为是实现本发明的非镜面虹彩色的方法,但其不是实现本发明的膜的独特性质的优选方法。在溶剂处理法或后加热法中,重要的是,该膜在被处理的同时不处于高张力,而是放松地排列在溶剂内或加热炉内,或包括在多个加热辊周围的显著松弛(substantial slack)。
实施例1
进行现有技术的多层虹彩膜和通过本发明的方法形成的膜的光反射率的比较。这两种膜都含有由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的113个交替层构成的芯。现有技术的膜还在该芯的两个相反表面上都含有更厚的PBT表层。通过前述共挤出法形成标准膜,并将该共挤出膜在大约170°F下辊冷却。本发明的膜也通过相同的共挤出法成形,不同的是PBT表层不与所述113层芯共挤出。相反,仅在芯的一面上共挤出聚乙烯层,以致该芯的仅一个表面含有聚乙烯层。该共挤出膜在90°F下辊冷却,只有聚乙烯表层接触辊。在固化后,将该聚乙烯表层从芯上剥离并从最终膜上移除。
用积分球分光光度计在包括镜面反射和排除镜面反射的仪器构造中测量从各膜反射的光,标准现有技术膜的结果绘制在图3中,本发明的膜的结果绘制在图4中。如图3中所示,当从测量中排除镜面反射光时,只反射极少量的非镜面光。因此,在现有技术膜中,非镜面反射仅为镜面反射光的15%。另一方面,本发明的膜产生明亮的强烈的非镜面色。测量表明,非镜面色的反射率为镜面反射光的84%。
也使用测角分光光度计(goniospectrophotometer)测量各膜。本发明的膜在以非镜面角测量时表现出强反射。测角分光光度计(goniospectrophotometer)测量如下进行:光源保持恒定在25°,同时传感器以5°增量从0°移向80°。如图5所示,现有技术的标准膜仅在25°(镜面角)左右的窄范围内表现出强反射,而本发明的膜从大约0°到大约70°都表现出强反射。在这一测量角范围内,色度值L、a和b也保持较高。在图6中作为测量角的函数绘制L值。图7是色度值a和b的二维曲线图。可以看出,当测量角离开镜面角时,现有技术的膜的颜色数据迅速恢复0,而本发明的膜在整个测量范围内都保持强色值。用保持恒定在0°、45°和65°的光源,使用相同技术进行附加测量。对这些测量获得类似数据;也就是说,本发明的膜保持偏离镜面角的强颜色反射。这在数字上描述了本发明的膜的虹彩色的极宽观察窗。
从上文的描述中,本领域技术人员可以容易地确定本发明的基本特征,并且可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,对本发明作出各种变动和修改以使其适用于各种应用和条件。
Claims (20)
1.由至少10个具有大约30至500纳米的基本均匀厚度的极薄层构成的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,所述层基本平行且毗邻层是不同的透明热塑性树脂材料,所述毗邻层的折光指数相差至少大约0.03,所述膜具有镜面反射光的至少30%的非镜面色反射。
2.权利要求1的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,其中所述毗邻树脂层的折光指数相差至少大约0.06。
3.权利要求1的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,其中热塑性树脂材料之一是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
4.权利要求3的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,其中热塑性树脂材料之一是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
5.权利要求4的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,包括聚烯烃外层。
6.权利要求1的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,其中所述膜具有镜面反射光的至少50%的非镜面色反射。
7.权利要求1的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,其中所述膜具有镜面反射光的至少75%的非镜面色反射。
8.由至少10个具有大约30至500纳米的基本均匀厚度的极薄层构成的透明热塑性树脂层压膜,所述层大致平行且毗邻层是不同的透明热塑性树脂材料,所述毗邻层的折光指数相差至少大约0.03,所述膜如下形成:将所述薄层、热塑性树脂不相容外层共挤出,该热塑性树脂不相容外层在所述膜的一个表面上,所述热塑性树脂外层的固化温度(°F)比至少一个所述薄层的固化温度低至少25%;冷却所述共挤出膜,所述外层和所述至少一个薄层的不同固化温度由此破坏所述层压膜的平面性,以使所述层压膜反射非镜面色。
9.权利要求8的层压膜,其中通过仅使所述外层膜接触冷却辊来冷却所述共挤出膜。
10.权利要求8的层压膜,其中所述外层的固化温度比所述至少一个薄层的固化温度低至少40%。
11.权利要求8的层压膜,其中热塑性树脂材料之一是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
12.权利要求11的层压膜,其中热塑性树脂材料之一是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
13.权利要求12的层压膜,其中所述外层是聚烯烃。
14.权利要求8的层压膜,其中在所述冷却后从所述层压膜上剥离所述外层。
15.制造由至少10个具有大约30至500纳米的基本均匀厚度的极薄层构成的透明热塑性树脂层压膜的方法,所述层基本平行且毗邻层是不同的透明热塑性树脂材料,所述毗邻层的折光指数相差至少大约0.03,所述方法包括:将所述薄层、热塑性树脂外层共挤出,该热塑性树脂外层在所述膜的一个表面上,所述热塑性树脂外层的固化温度(°F)与至少一个所述薄层的固化温度明显不同;冷却所述共挤出膜,所述外层膜和所述至少一个薄层的不同固化温度由此破坏所述层压膜的平面性。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中所述外层的固化温度比所述至少一个薄层的固化温度低至少25%。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中所述外层的固化温度比所述至少一个薄层的固化温度低至少40%。
18.制造由至少10个具有大约30至500纳米的基本均匀厚度的极薄层构成的透明热塑性树脂层压膜的方法,所述层基本平行且毗邻层是不同的透明热塑性树脂材料,所述毗邻层的折光指数相差至少大约0.03,所述方法包括:将所述不同的透明热塑性树脂材料共挤出成所述层压膜,并用与至少一个所述薄层不相容的溶剂处理所述膜,或所述材料在加热时具有不同收缩率,加热所述膜以控制所述材料的收缩率,从而破坏所述层压膜的平面性。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述溶剂处理是用三氯乙烯或甲基乙基酮进行。
20.权利要求18的方法,其中所述膜在炉中或用一系列加热辊加热。
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US20060093809A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Hebrink Timothy J | Optical bodies and methods for making optical bodies |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20100017592A (ko) | 2010-02-16 |
US20080274340A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
MX2009011915A (es) | 2009-12-03 |
BRPI0811535A2 (pt) | 2014-11-18 |
EP2152509A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
JP2010527298A (ja) | 2010-08-12 |
CA2686240A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
WO2008137620A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
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Application publication date: 20100602 |