CN101713546B - Low-pollution combustor for various fuels - Google Patents
Low-pollution combustor for various fuels Download PDFInfo
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- CN101713546B CN101713546B CN 200810013562 CN200810013562A CN101713546B CN 101713546 B CN101713546 B CN 101713546B CN 200810013562 CN200810013562 CN 200810013562 CN 200810013562 A CN200810013562 A CN 200810013562A CN 101713546 B CN101713546 B CN 101713546B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-pollution combustor for various fuels, which comprises a shunt system, a mounting edge and a plurality of double fuel nozzles, wherein the shunt system is connected with the plurality of double fuel nozzles through the mounting edge into a whole; the shunt system comprises a gas fuel subchannel, a liquid fuel subchannel, a diluent subchannel and an atomized air subchannel; and the double fuel nozzles are arranged circumferentially along the central line of the combustor. The low-pollution combustor for various fuels provided by the invention reduces the discharge of pollutants such as NOX, solves the problems such as backfire and unstable combustion of premixing combustion of synthetic gases, simplifies an air cleaning and blowing protective system of a combustion chamber, avoids increasing the discharge of carbon monoxide, and can work with low and medium thermal value gas fuel such as coke oven gas, chemical tail gases and synthetic tail gases from IGCC power plants and high thermal value gas fuel such as diesel oil and natural gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the gas-turbine combustion chamber technical field, in particularly using, the gas-turbine combustion chamber field of low calorific value gas fuel.
Background technology
Traditionally, gas turbine uses high heating value natural gas and liquid fuel (being mainly diesel oil etc.) work.In recent years, energy supply and the environmental pressure of China increase day by day, natural gas and oil in short supply, and rise in price is serious, and gas turbine uses the operating cost of natural gas and oil more and more to be difficult to bear.The energy resource structure of China is take coal as main, but a large amount of pollutant of generation in traditional coal fired power generation process is the important sources of environmental pollution.Integrated gasification combined cycle plants (IGCC) is passed through coal gasification, produce medium-Btu syngas, after purified synthesis gas, feed gas turbine combustion and acting, can keep simultaneously efficient and low polluting property, thereby be considered to the important development direction that the future source of energy clean and effective utilizes.
Generate synthesis gas after coal gasification in the IGCC system, synthesis gas mainly is comprised of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprises in addition a small amount of inert gas, as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.Fuel and Gasification Technique that the IGCC system of depending on the composition that synthesis gas is detailed and calorific value adopts.Because the constituent of synthesis gas is different from natural gas (methane generally accounts for more than 90%), its combustion characteristics is also obviously different.
Gas-turbine combustion chamber organizes combustion system mainly to be divided into two kinds of lean premixed burning and diffusion combustions.Lean premixed combustion system is that fuel and combustion air are pre-mixed, and becomes uniform flammable mixture, by controlling the mixing proportion of fuel and air, controls the flame combustion temperature, realizes reducing NO
XThe purpose of discharging.Diffusion combustion refers to that fuel and air are not pre-mixed, after feeding the combustion chamber respectively, and the phenomenon of burning on the flame front near stoichiometric ratio.At present, lean premixed combustion system is widely used on gas-turbine combustion chamber take natural gas as fuel.Because hydrogen content in synthesis gas is large, make the firing temperature of synthesis gas low, flame propagation speed.If continue to adopt original lean premixed combustion system, will face very large tempering dangerous, the tempering of combustion chamber Flame will cause the overheated and ablation of burner, the security of operation of whole gas turbine of serious harm.If the employing diffusion combustion mode although can avoid the tempering problem, because flame temperature is high, will produce nitrogen oxide (NO
X) problem that rolls up of discharging.
Along with the increase of environmental pressure and the enhancing of environmental consciousness, at present, the nitrogen oxide (NO of home and abroad to gas turbine
X) discharging quantitative limitation more and more stricter.Therefore, when gas turbine uses medium-Btu syngas, reduce the nitrogen oxide (NO in combustion process
X) discharge capacity is problem needing to overcome.
When diffusion combustion mode work is adopted in middle low calorific value gas fuel combustion chamber, mainly control NO by the mode of injecting diluent in the combustion chamber
XDischarging, diluent comprises water vapour, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Except using the synthesis gas fuel work, gas turbine is requirement a kind of backup fuel that can burn reliably also, as diesel oil and natural gas.In order in the situation that IGCC system synthesis gas is under-supply or interruption, can switch to the multifuel combustion that backs up fuel work or keep two kinds of fuel, can guarantee gas turbine continuous firing and orderly shutdown.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide in a kind of use, the burner with low pollution of low heat value synthesis gas and diesel oil (or natural gas), be used for using synthesis gas and satisfy low NO
XThe gas turbine combustion system of discharging.
The invention provides a kind of burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel, comprise separate system, mounting edge, a plurality of dual fuel nozzle, wherein: separate system is connected as a whole with a plurality of dual fuel nozzles by mounting edge; Separate system is comprised of concentric pipe, oil feed line, baffle plate and the cavity that is processed to form on mounting edge, form 4 split channels of opposition mutually, comprise gaseous fuel split channel, liquid fuel split channel, diluent split channel, atomizing air split channel, be used for liquid fuel, atomizing air, diluent and gaseous fuel the flowing separately in burner that realization is fed by the external world, and branch to a plurality of fuel nozzles; Dual fuel nozzle is circle distribution along the central axis of burner, dual fuel nozzle 22 along self central shaft from inside to outside, be annular radial distribute successively liquid fuel nozzle and gas fuel nozzle, wherein: gas fuel nozzle comprises fuel gas passage 3 and diluent passage 2, the dual fuel nozzle outside is consolidated with the annulus 11 that perforate 6 is set, to consist of combustion air channel 1; Diluent passage 2 front ends are communicated with combustion air channel 1 end and connect into an integral body by sleeve, and the front end of combustion air channel 1 extends to the combustion zone in fuel nozzle exit.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention, liquid fuel nozzle can be air atomizer spray nozzle, the liquid fuel that uses is diesel oil or kerosene.Also can be designed to two centrifugal pressure atomized fog jets of oil circuit, wherein: air atomizer spray nozzle comprises liquid fuel passage 5, atomizing air passage 4.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention, diluent passage 2 inside are equipped with spray-hole 10.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention, the interior air cyclone that all is equipped with of atomizing air passage 4, fuel gas passage 3 and combustion air channel 1.Combustion air enters this passage by the perforate 6 on annulus, enters the combustion zone and participate in burning after air cyclone 1-1, and diluent 10 enters combustion air channel 1 through the channel injection hole, feeds the combustion zone equally after air cyclone 1-1.Can dynamically adjust the combustion air flow that enters cyclone according to the injection rate of diluent, thereby adjust the air/fuel ratio in the combustion zone.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention, air cyclone are vane type or tangential hole hydrocyclone structure, and intake method is axial admission or radial air inlet.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention, the air cyclone 3-1 of fuel gas passage 3 is identical or opposite with the rotation direction of the air cyclone 1-1 of combustion air channel.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention, the quantity of dual fuel nozzle are 1～8.
The invention provides a kind of burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel, can be applied on the industrial gas turbine combustion chamber: reduce gaseous fuel and fluid combustion flame temperature by inject diluent (nitrogen, water vapour and carbon dioxide) to the combustion chamber, control NO
XDischarge capacity Deng pollutant; Diluent feeds through independent diluent passage, not with gaseous fuel and air blending in advance, can be with the variation of diluent injection rate, adjust the air/fuel ratio in the combustion zone---be after diluent injects, the flow area of air cyclone will inevitably be taken, thereby reduce the combustion air infeed amount of cyclone, make the primary zone be in the relative rich oil condition, this will be conducive to enlarge the stable operation range after diluent is injected in the combustion chamber; In the situation that do not inject diluent, because diluent passage does not contact with high-temperature fuel gas in the combustion zone, need not air-suppliedly diluent passage is carried out protectiveness to blow clearly, simplify the combustion chamber air and blown clearly protection system; Simultaneously, diluent does not obviously reduce burner inner liner air film layer temperature, does not cause that carbon monoxide emission increases.
The burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel provided by the invention adopts steam dilution diffusion combustion technology, controls NO
XDeng the discharge capacity of pollutant, the problems such as the tempering of synthesis gas premixed combustion and combustion instability have been avoided; Simplify the combustion chamber air and blown clearly protection system; Burner adopts a plurality of dual fuel nozzle structures, can use in coke-stove gas, chemical industry tail gas, IGCC power station synthesis gas etc., low calorific value gas fuel and exotic fuels (diesel oil, natural gas etc.) work, and two kinds of fuel can switch mutually and multifuel combustion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is applicable to the burner with low pollution cutaway view of pluralities of fuel
Fig. 2 is applicable to the burner with low pollution schematic three dimensional views of pluralities of fuel
The single burner noz(zle) schematic diagram of Fig. 3
Fig. 4 is applicable to the burner with low pollution fundamental diagram of pluralities of fuel
The specific embodiment
A kind of burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel comprises separate system 20, mounting edge 21,6 dual fuel nozzles 22, wherein:
Separate system is connected as a whole with 6 dual fuel nozzles by mounting edge; Separate system is by concentric pipe 28,29, oil feed line 35, baffle plate 30,31,32,33,34 and the cavity that is processed to form on mounting edge form, form 4 split channels of opposition mutually, comprise gaseous fuel split channel 24, liquid fuel split channel 25, diluent split channel 26, atomizing air split channel 27, be used for liquid fuel, atomizing air, diluent and gaseous fuel the flowing separately in burner that realization is fed by the external world, and branch to 6 fuel nozzles, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2;
Dual fuel nozzle is become with the gaseous fuel nozzle sets by liquid fuel nozzle and is circle distribution along the central axis 23 of burner, and liquid fuel nozzle is designed to air atomizer spray nozzle, comprises liquid fuel passage 5, atomizing air passage 4.Dual fuel nozzle 22 outsides are to be consolidated with the annulus 11 that perforate 6 is set outside gas fuel nozzle, to consist of combustion air channel 1, along the central shaft of nozzle from inside to outside, be annular radial and be distributed with successively liquid fuel passage 5, atomizing air passage 4, fuel gas passage 3 and diluent passage 2, wherein:
The course of work of burner is as follows: when burner uses liquid fuel work, liquid fuel 36 is fed by split channel 25, and atomizing air 38 is fed by split channel 27, after cyclone 4-1 rotation, with liquid fuel generation shear action, satisfy the atomizing of liquid fuel requirement.When the burner use was gas-powered, gaseous fuel 39 was fed by split channel 24, feeds the combustion chamber after cyclone 3-1.Combustion air feeds the combustion chamber by perforate 6 admission passages 2 on annulus 11 after cyclone 1-1, form recirculating zone, the retention flame in the combustion zone.Diluent 37 is fed by split channel 26, spray into combustion air channel 1 by the spray-hole 10 on fuel nozzle, feed the combustion zone equally after air cyclone 1-1, with the high-temperature fuel gas blending, and dynamically adjust according to the injection rate of diluent the combustion air flow that enters cyclone, thereby the ratio of the air/fuel in the adjustment combustion zone, and then reach the reduction combustion flame temperature, reduce the purpose of nitrogen oxide emission in combustion process.
Claims (6)
1. a burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel, comprise separate system, mounting edge, a plurality of dual fuel nozzle, and wherein: separate system is connected as a whole with a plurality of dual fuel nozzles by mounting edge; Separate system comprises gaseous fuel split channel, liquid fuel split channel, diluent split channel and atomizing air split channel; It is characterized in that:
Dual fuel nozzle (22) is become with the gaseous fuel nozzle sets by liquid fuel nozzle and is circle distribution along the central axis (23) of burner, liquid fuel nozzle is designed to air atomizer spray nozzle, comprise liquid fuel passage (5) and atomizing air passage (4), gas fuel nozzle comprises fuel gas passage (3) and diluent passage (2), the dual fuel nozzle outside is consolidated with the annulus (11) that perforate (6) are set, to consist of combustion air channel (1); Along the central shaft of dual fuel nozzle (22) from inside to outside, be annular radial and be distributed with successively liquid fuel passage (5), atomizing air passage (4), fuel gas passage (3) and diluent passage (2); Diluent passage (2) front end is communicated with and connects into an integral body by annulus with combustion air channel (1) end, and the front end of combustion air channel (1) extends to the combustion zone in fuel gas passage in gas fuel nozzle (3) exit;
Described diluent passage (2) inside is equipped with spray-hole (10).
2. according to the burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in atomizing air passage (4), fuel gas passage (3) and combustion air channel (1), air cyclone is installed all.
3. according to the burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: air cyclone is leaf structure or tangential hole structure.
4. according to the burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the intake method of air cyclone is axial admission or radial air inlet.
5. according to the described burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel of claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the air cyclone (3-1) of fuel gas passage (3) is identical or opposite with the rotation direction of the air cyclone (1-1) of combustion air channel.
6. according to the burner with low pollution that is applicable to pluralities of fuel claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the quantity of dual fuel nozzle is 1～8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810013562 CN101713546B (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-08 | Low-pollution combustor for various fuels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810013562 CN101713546B (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-08 | Low-pollution combustor for various fuels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101713546A CN101713546A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
| CN101713546B true CN101713546B (en) | 2013-06-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810013562 Expired - Fee Related CN101713546B (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-08 | Low-pollution combustor for various fuels |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016001301A1 (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-01-07 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | Fuel distribution device, gas turbine engine and mounting method |
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| US20100300102A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for air and fuel injection in a turbine |
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| CN103672969B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2017-09-15 | 北京华清燃气轮机与煤气化联合循环工程技术有限公司 | A kind of gas turbine dual-fuel combustion chamber nozzle of combustion |
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| US10054314B2 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-21 | General Electric Company | Slotted injector for axial fuel staging |
| CN105570932B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-02-13 | 上海电气燃气轮机有限公司 | From the center nozzle structure for suppressing tempering |
| CN108603658A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-09-28 | 杰伊·凯勒 | Non- premixed swirl burner end and combustion strategies |
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| CN113776086B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-01-31 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Low-pollution combustion chamber nozzle structure and method |
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| CN101713546A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
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