CN101711221B - A full hydraulic AC electrical forklift - Google Patents

A full hydraulic AC electrical forklift Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101711221B
CN101711221B CN2008800200439A CN200880020043A CN101711221B CN 101711221 B CN101711221 B CN 101711221B CN 2008800200439 A CN2008800200439 A CN 2008800200439A CN 200880020043 A CN200880020043 A CN 200880020043A CN 101711221 B CN101711221 B CN 101711221B
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valve
hydraulic
control
alternating
pressure
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CN2008800200439A
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CN101711221A (en
Inventor
陈勇
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Zhejiang Jiali explosion-proof special vehicle technology Co Ltd
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ZHEJIANG JIALI TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/22Hydraulic devices or systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/24Electrical devices or systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

A full hydraulic AC electrical forklift, includes a hydraulic system and a electrical system. An accelerator of the electrical system controls the steering equipment and walking-driver equipment of the hydraulic system. The elevating and oblique switch, by way of an AC controller, controls the AC motor to drive the gear pump of the hydraulic system, and further controls the oblique elevating equipment by a multi-path valve. A stepless speed regulator system is composed of AC controller, AC motor and accelerator, which makes the walking system shift from low-speed to high-speed more freely, steadily, and reliably. Moreover, the AC controller is designed in this manner by which not only realizes the stepless speed regulation of the hydraulic walking system but also realizes the elevated and oblique control of the hydraulic system. This invention centers on the single AC motor and combines the design of the electrical system and that of the hydraulic system, in order to resolve the present technical problems of the large current, vast dissipation, high temperature, and the complicated circuit.

Description

Full hydraulic AC electrical forklift
Technical field
The present invention relates to electri forklift, specifically full hydraulic AC electrical forklift.
Background technology
Existing hydraulic electric fork truck is (as the applicant's ZL01125120.4 Chinese invention patent, publication number is CN1405079A) the electrical principle design form of system is to carry out work with dc controller control DC machine, like this fork truck of technical scheme the applicant's No. 200610050420.6 Chinese invention patent applications " full hydraulic electric forklift hydraulic system " (publication number is: CN101058395A) and No. 200610050421.0 Chinese invention patent applications " full hydraulic electric forklift electric system " (publication number is: address in CN101058396A), this drive form not only driving efficiency is low, noise is big, and carbon brush is easy to wear often will safeguard replacing in the motor, and cause the complete machine running current big, power consumption is big, defectives such as temperature height, fork truck time of run are short relatively; And the control to motor realizes by dc controller; this electric control method can not carry out effective variable speed control to motor; can not carry out heat drop control and the protection of heat liter to the temperature rise of motor, for example: do not have the variable frequency vector speed control, do not have safety sensing control etc.).
Summary of the invention
The technical assignment of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention and proposition is the defective that electric current is big, power consumption is big, temperature is high and connection line is complicated that overcomes the fork truck existence of prior art, and a kind of new full hydraulic AC electrical forklift is provided.For this reason, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Full hydraulic AC electrical forklift comprises hydraulic efficiency pressure system and electric system, it is characterized in that:
Described hydraulic efficiency pressure system comprises:
Main inclined lift device that forms by lift oil tank and dump ram and that control by multiway valve,
Mainly by deflector and the steering hardware that turns to oil cylinder to form,
By HM Hydraulic Motor and be arranged on HM Hydraulic Motor drg on the HM Hydraulic Motor and the HM Hydraulic Motor governor valve is formed and by the travel driving unit of a control cock and the control of a commutation brake activation valve, and
A gear type pump, the hydraulic energy that this gear type pump produces divide two-way output: the one tunnel supplies with described steering hardware and described inclined lift device through a pressure-gradient control valve, and another Lu Jingyi pressure transfer valve leads to described actuating device;
Described electric system comprises:
Battery feed, key switch, alternating current dynamo and exchange sensing and controlling system,
Connect and be divided into high tension supply by the DC-DC voltage transformer by emergency stop switch as the energy with battery feed and export with the low potential source two-way: low potential source is connected the alternating-current controller that exchanges sensing and controlling system, one and be mainly used in the described alternating current dynamo of control, and connection and described alternating-current controller bonded assembly instrument, temperature sensor through described key switch
High tension supply is connected described alternating-current controller and is connected described alternating current dynamo through the main contactor that is controlled by described alternating-current controller by fuse, on described alternating-current controller, be connected with accelerator and hoist, tilt switch, and connect load-relay, insulation monitoring device, heat drop control, electronic protection grid, security function switch;
Control described steering hardware and travel driving unit by described accelerator, describedly hoist, tilt switch is through described alternating-current controller control alternating current dynamo driven gear pump and further through multiway valve control inclined lift device.
During work, to key switch, when the key switch cut off, electric system and hydraulic efficiency pressure system quit work battery feed through the DC-DC voltage transformer.When the key switch switch on, high tension supply is connected alternating-current controller, the main contactor adhesive: this moment is if connect accelerator, connect alternating current dynamo by alternating-current controller output, at this moment alternating current dynamo is in the fork truck idling mode of being set by alternating-current controller, along with the acceleration (as the step pedal type accelerator that tramps with one's feet) of accelerator, to high-speed cruising, the running of driven gear pump is for steering hardware, travel driving unit work by low speed for the rotating speed of alternating current dynamo; Still make fork truck be in idling mode if make accelerator (accelerator cut off) in a state of nature in the time that alternating-current controller is set this moment, finishes up to setting-up time, and system power supply is closed; Then by alternating-current controller control alternating current dynamo operation driven gear pump running for inclined lift device work if connection hoists, tilt switch this moment.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the continuous speed regulation system that forms by alternating-current controller, alternating current dynamo and accelerator, make running gear from a slow speed to quick running state freely, stable, reliable, and with alternating-current controller be designed to realize that the hydraulic moving infinite speed variation can be realized hydraulic lifting again, the control of tilting (connect the running of alternating-current controller control motor driven gear pump by accelerator and realize the hydraulic moving infinite speed variation, again by hoist, tilt switch connects the running of alternating-current controller control motor driven gear pump and realizes hoisting, tilting control to fork truck).
2, system just is being in idling mode (minimum speed of setting on the alternating-current controller program after the startup, work under slow speed of revolution by alternating-current controller control motor), make the steering hardware of hydraulic efficiency pressure system guarantee energy resource supply within a certain period of time, time-delay closing when not working, do not waste system capacity like this, the complete machine energy consumption reduces.
3, owing to be the work of single motor infinite speed variation, motor should possess the characteristic that the pump motor characteristic possesses movable motor again in addition, so the form of motor is to exchange, and its work schedule is designed to 60 minutes, motor has satisfied the condition of hydraulic moving and hydraulic lifting like this.
4, system possesses the automatic diagnostic function of fault, shows failure code by instrument, has made things convenient for technical service.
5, startability is good, because alternating current dynamo is characteristics such as non-maintaining, high efficiency, low current, low noise, can not cause the infringement of motor and energy consumption little thus.
In a word, this single alternating current dynamo is combined electric system and Design of Hydraulic System as core, make machine system improve efficient, reduced energy consumption, reduced maintaining, increased the safety of complete machine, and simple in structure, manoeuvrable, increased functionality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a hydraulic system principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein (a) and (b), (c) are respectively the electrical schematic diagram of three parts that can connect together successively of electrical schematic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-steering hardware, 2-control cock, 3-multiway valve, 4-inclined lift device, 5-travel driving unit, the 6-brake activation valve that commutates, 7-pressure transfer valve, 8-gear type pump, 9-alternating current dynamo, the 10-fuel tank, 11-lift oil tank, 12-dump ram, the 13-deflector, 14-turns to oil cylinder, the 15-inclined valve, 16-plays lift valve, the 17-unloader valve of walking, 18-pressure-regulating speed-changing valve, the 19-change-over valve of walking, 20-brake activation valve, 21-double speed hydraulic motor, 22-Hydraulic Adjustable Speed valve, 23-hydraulic brake, 24-secondary pressure regulating valve, the 25-back pressure valve, 26-reducing valve, 27-by pass valve, the 28-by pass valve, 29-by pass valve, 30-pressure-gradient control valve;
The 201-battery feed, 202-emergency stop switch, 203-key switch, the 204-main contactor, 205-temperature sensor, 206-insulation monitoring device, the 207-overload relay, 209-alternating-current controller, 210-instrument, 211-fuse, the 212-tilt switch that hoists, the 213-DC-DC voltage transformer, the 214-accelerator switch, 215-heat drop control sensor, 216-electronic protection grid, 217-system security function switch.
The specific embodiment
Full hydraulic AC electrical forklift of the present invention comprises hydraulic efficiency pressure system and electric system, wherein:
Hydraulic efficiency pressure system as shown in Figure 1, it comprises:
The single cross stream motor 9 and the gear type pump 8 that are linked to each other by transmission constitute engine installation;
Form inclined lift device 4 by lift oil tank 11 and dump ram 12;
By the deflector 13 that is connected with pressure-gradient control valve 30 with turn to oil cylinder 14 to form steering hardware 1;
Form travel driving unit 5 by double speed hydraulic motor 21, the hydraulic brake 23 and the Hydraulic Adjustable Speed valve 22 that are arranged on the motor;
Hydraulic brake 23 is by walking relief brake valve 17 controls of control cock 2;
Multiway valve 3 is made up of inclined valve 15 a, lift valve 16 etc.: multiway valve 3 oil-feed valve block working connections are provided with the system pressure of a by pass valve 27 control inclined lift devices 4, working connection communicates with the cavity of an inclined valve 15 and a lift valve 16, wherein play lift valve 16 and be provided with a by pass valve 28 control pressure that hoists, inclined valve 15 connects dump ram 12, plays lift valve 16 and connects lift oil tank 11;
Control cock 2 is made up of walking unloader valve 17, pressure-regulating speed-changing valve 18 etc.: control cock 2 oil-feed valve block working connections are provided with reducing valve 26 control presssures, pressure-regulating speed-changing valve 18 1 hydraulic fluid ports are connected with secondary pressure regulating valve 24, and another hydraulic fluid port is connected with the governor valve 22 of HM Hydraulic Motor; Walking unloader valve 17 1 hydraulic fluid ports are through back pressure valve 25 oil sump tanks 10, and another hydraulic fluid port is connected with HM Hydraulic Motor drg 23;
Commutation brake activation valve 6 is made up of walking change-over valve 19, brake activation valve 20 etc.: commutation brake activation valve 6 oil inlets are provided with by pass valve 29 control presssures; Walking change-over valve 19 meta oil sump tanks, two hydraulic fluid ports are connected with the forward and reverse hydraulic fluid port of HM Hydraulic Motor 21 respectively in addition; Brake activation valve 20 is connected between walking change-over valve 19 and the HM Hydraulic Motor 21;
Pressure transfer valve 7 is made up of with back pressure valve 25 grades secondary pressure regulating valve 24: secondary pressure regulating valve 24 is connected with gear type pump 8 oil outlets with control cock 2, and back pressure valve 25 is connected between oil return line and the fuel tank 10;
The loop that is made of control cock 2, gear type pump 8, double speed hydraulic motor 21, commutation brake activation valve 6, pressure transfer valve 7 is as the Hydraulic Adjustable Speed loop.
Electric system as shown in Figure 2, it comprises battery feed 201, emergency stop switch 202, key switch 203, alternating current dynamo 9 and exchanges sensing and controlling system:
Battery feed 201 is divided into high tension supply by DC-DC voltage transformer 213 with power supply as the energy and exports with the low potential source two-way: low potential source is connected through key switch 203 and is exchanged sensing and controlling system, an alternating-current controller 209 that is mainly used in control alternating current dynamo 9 of connecting through accelerator switch 214; High tension supply connects alternating-current controller 209 and the main contactor through being controlled by alternating-current controller 209 204 is connected alternating current dynamo 9, is connected with the accelerator 214 and the tilt switch 212 that hoists on alternating-current controller 209;
And: the work of alternating current dynamo 9 is made as 60 minutes, is connected with instrument 210 on the alternating-current controller 209, and low potential source by alternating-current controller 209 control electric weight, shows accurate electric weight by instrument 210 through each functional switch; And the 209 pairs of system failures of alternating-current controller by having automatic diagnostic function show faults by instrument 210.
The interchange sensing and controlling system comprises: alternating-current controller 209, overload relay 207, temperature sensor 205, insulation monitoring device 206, heat drop control sensor 215, electronic protection grid 216 etc.
During this electric system work, battery feed 201 to key switch 203, when key switch 203 is connected, is divided into the output of two-way power supply through DC-DC voltage transformer 213 through emergency stop switch 202:
One the tunnel is high pressure such as 70V power connection alternating-current controller 209, then main contactor 204 adhesives and show electric weight and mode of operations by instrument 210; When accelerator switch 214 is connected, connect alternating current dynamo 9 by alternating-current controller 209 outputs, at this moment alternating current dynamo 9 is in the idling mode of being set by alternating-current controller 209, displacement (pedal plate type) along with accelerator 214, to high-speed cruising, the running of driven gear pump is for steering hardware, travel driving unit work by low speed for the rotating speed of alternating current dynamo 9; When accelerator switch 214 in a state of nature the time (cut off), alternating current dynamo 9 still makes system be in the idling work state in the time that alternating-current controller 209 is set, and finishes up to setting-up time, and system power supply is closed; When hoisting, when tilt switch 212 is connected, then turning round for 4 work of inclined lift device by alternating-current controller 209 control alternating current dynamos 9 operation driven gear pumps 8.
Another road is that low pressure is as 24 volts, when key switch 203 is opened, it connects alternating-current controller 209 by insulation monitoring device 206, because insulation monitoring device 206 connects circuitries, when circuitry insulation values occurs and reaches the setting value of road insulation monitoring device 206 not by alternating-current controller 209 control complete machines do not work (for example: when storage battery 201 insulation resistances are lower than standard); During power connection, working power is connected with alternating-current controller 209 by overload relay 207, and when working current was excessive, overload relay 207 disconnected the power supply signal of alternating-current controller 209, and machine system is quit work; When system temperature is too high, sends transducing signal by heat drop temperature sensor 215 and reduce the operating load of machine system to reach the purpose of control system temperature rise to alternating-current controller 209 and by it; When system temperature surpassed established standards, temperature sensor 5 sends transducing signals quit work machine system to alternating-current controller 209 and by it, when drop in temperature when being lower than established standards, the complete machine auto restore facility; System security function switch 217 and accelerator switch 214 are connected with alternating-current controller 209 by electronic protection grid 216, and when abnormal working position appearred in functional switch, electronic protection grid 216 will play the partition protective action, and alternating-current controller 209 can not worked.
Work below in conjunction with the detailed explanation fork truck of the present invention of hydraulic efficiency pressure system and electric system:
With storage battery 201 as the energy, when key switch 203 is opened, by DC-DC voltage transformer 213 with 70V and 24V power connection, main contactor 204 adhesives at this moment, electric system energising.
(starting switch is arranged in the accelerator when foot-operated accelerator switch 214 is opened, pin taps the accelerator pedal starting switch and promptly opens), at this moment alternating-current controller 209 controls exchange single motor 9 direct driven gear pump 8 tickovers (idling speed is set by alternating-current controller program ginseng speed), flow leads to hydraulic efficiency pressure system, thereby satisfy the discharge capacity demand of deflector 13, reach the function that realizes the fork truck pivot stud.
By handling moving forward and backward and leading to the speed of travel of HM Hydraulic Motor 21 control fork trucks by the stroke of pedal accelerator 214 through the rotating speed of alternating-current controller 209 control alternating current dynamos 9 with the discharge capacity of pinion pump 8 of walking change-over valve 19 conversion fork trucks; When unclamping accelerator 214 and depress brake activation valve 20, the A of throttling confining liquid pressure motor 21, B oil duct are realized braking.
Thereby speed change-over valve 18 and the secondary pressure regulating valve in excess pressure transfer valve 7 24 handled in the control cock 2 realize that the Hydraulic Adjustable Speed valve 22 in high pressure, low pressure and the process HM Hydraulic Motor 21 reaches the climbing walking function and the high-speed row stop ﹠ go function of fork truck; By the function of walking relief brake valve 17 conversion walking work and system unloaded in the control cock 2, and realize hand braking by the hydraulic brake 23 that the braking shelves in the valve lead in the HM Hydraulic Motor 21.
Rise in multiway valve 3 and respectively adorned a micro limit switch 212 on lift valve 16 and the inclined valve 15, closed alternating-current controller 209 control alternating current dynamos 9 driven gear pumps 8 full speed runnings of connecting of the travel switch that it installs additional when having handled lift valve 16 make fork truck reach the landing function; Same principle makes fork truck reach tilt function when handling inclined valve 15.
Exchange under single motor 9 idling work states in alternating-current controller 209 controls, can make energy satisfy the demand of steering swivel system, can play the effect of underload, few energy consumption again, in normal operation, because the pressure-gradient control valve 30 of deflector 13 configurations, make the fork-truck steering sensitivity, and guarantee that when any action, fork truck has the action that preferentially turns to all the time.
When accelerator switch 214 in a state of nature the time (cut off), alternating-current controller 209 still makes system be in the idling work state in the time of setting, one closes (delay time is set) to the setting-up time system power supply in the alternating-current controller program, guaranteed like this in inactive certain hour, still can guarantee to turn to function.
When system break down or during operation mistake by the automatic diagnostic function in the alternating-current controller 209, on instrument 210,, made things convenient for technical service with English and digital form demonstration fault.
Adopt the control of AC frequency conversion vector velocity, its alerting ability, accuracy is high and the characteristics transmission of rubbing property make fork truck have driving efficiency height, temperature is low, running current is little superperformance; Owing to adopt alternating current dynamo not have carbon brush and commutator, so alternating current dynamo is non-maintaining.
During complete machine work, electric system can be set and adjust the mode of operation of hydraulic running system easily by alternating-current controller 209, and can protect the load overcurrent of electric system by the adjusting of pressure transfer valve 7 and walking drain charge brake activation valve 17.

Claims (4)

1. full hydraulic AC electrical forklift comprises hydraulic efficiency pressure system and electric system, it is characterized in that:
Described hydraulic efficiency pressure system comprises:
It is that mainly form and by the inclined lift device (4) of multiway valve (3) control by lift oil tank (11) and dump ram (12),
Mainly by deflector (13) and the steering hardware (1) that turns to oil cylinder (14) to form,
By HM Hydraulic Motor (21) and be arranged on HM Hydraulic Motor drg (23) on the HM Hydraulic Motor (21) and HM Hydraulic Motor governor valve (22) is formed and by the travel driving unit (5) of a control cock (2) and a commutation brake activation valve (6) control, and
A gear type pump (8), the hydraulic energy that this gear type pump (8) produces divides two-way output: the one tunnel supplies with described steering hardware (1) and described inclined lift device (4) through a pressure-gradient control valve (30), and another Lu Jingyi pressure transfer valve (7) leads to described travel driving unit (5);
Described electric system comprises:
Battery feed (201), key switch (203), an alternating current dynamo (9) and exchange sensing and controlling system,
Connect and be divided into high tension supply by DC-DC voltage transformer (213) by emergency stop switch (202) as the energy with battery feed (201) and export with the low potential source two-way: low potential source is connected the alternating-current controller (209) that exchanges sensing and controlling system, one and be mainly used in the described alternating current dynamo of control, and connection and described alternating-current controller (209) bonded assembly instrument (210), temperature sensor (205) through described key switch (203)
High tension supply connects described alternating-current controller (209) by fuse (211) and the main contactor through being controlled by described alternating-current controller (209) (204) is connected described alternating current dynamo (9), on described alternating-current controller (209), be connected with accelerator (214) and hoist, tilt switch (212), and connect load-relay (207), insulation monitoring device (206), heat drop control (215), electronic protection grid (216), security function switch (217);
Control described steering hardware (1) and travel driving unit (5) by described accelerator (214), describedly hoist, tilt switch (212) is through described alternating-current controller (209) control alternating current dynamo (9) driven gear pump (8) and further through multiway valve (3) control inclined lift device (4).
2. all-hydraulic electronic interchange fork truck hydraulic efficiency pressure system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described multiway valve (3) comprise control lift oil tank (11) and dump ram (12) respectively play lift valve (16) and inclined valve (15) by what three six-way valves served as, on the working connection of described multiway valve (3), be provided with an inclined lift by pass valve (27), on three six-way valves of control lift oil tank (11), be provided with the Pressure relief valve that hoists (28).
3. all-hydraulic electronic interchange fork truck hydraulic efficiency pressure system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described pressure transfer valve (7) comprises secondary pressure regulating valve (24) and back pressure valve (25); Described control cock (2) comprises walking unloader valve (17) and pressure-regulating speed-changing valve (18), the working connection of control cock (2) is provided with a reducing valve (26), one hydraulic fluid port of described pressure-regulating speed-changing valve (18) is connected with described secondary pressure regulating valve (24), another hydraulic fluid port is connected with HM Hydraulic Motor governor valve (22), one hydraulic fluid port of described walking unloader valve (17) is through back pressure valve (25) oil sump tank, and another hydraulic fluid port is connected with HM Hydraulic Motor drg (23).
4. all-hydraulic electronic interchange fork truck hydraulic efficiency pressure system according to claim 3 is characterized in that described commutation brake activation valve (6) comprises walking change-over valve (19) and brake activation valve (20); Described commutation brake activation valve (19) is three guiding valves, and its oil inlet is provided with a by pass valve (29), and its meta links to each other with fuel tank, and two hydraulic fluid ports are connected with the forward and reverse hydraulic fluid port of HM Hydraulic Motor (21) respectively in addition; Described brake activation valve (20) is connected between walking change-over valve (19) and the HM Hydraulic Motor (21).
CN2008800200439A 2008-02-04 2008-02-04 A full hydraulic AC electrical forklift Expired - Fee Related CN101711221B (en)

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PCT/CN2008/000316 WO2009100578A1 (en) 2008-02-04 2008-02-04 A full hydraulic ac electrical forklift

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CN101711221B true CN101711221B (en) 2011-10-19

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WO (1) WO2009100578A1 (en)

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CN101711221A (en) 2010-05-19
GB201014327D0 (en) 2010-10-13
DE112008003677T5 (en) 2011-04-07
GB2471217A (en) 2010-12-22
WO2009100578A1 (en) 2009-08-20
GB2471217B (en) 2012-04-25

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