CN101708527A - Forging technology of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Forging technology of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101708527A CN101708527A CN200910241853A CN200910241853A CN101708527A CN 101708527 A CN101708527 A CN 101708527A CN 200910241853 A CN200910241853 A CN 200910241853A CN 200910241853 A CN200910241853 A CN 200910241853A CN 101708527 A CN101708527 A CN 101708527A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forging technology of a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the distribution of ceramic particle bodies and the mechanical property of the composite material can be improved through large deformation of forging. Forging billets are packaged in a hot charging way and then placed into a resistance furnace or a fuel furnace for heating; the temperature is preserved at 300-400DEG C and the temperature preservation time t is determined by the maximum diameter delta max; in such a way that: when the delta max is not more than 100mm, t is equal to 2h; when the delta max is more than 100mm and less than 500mm, t is equal to 6h; and when the delta max is not less than 500mm, t is 10h. When in forging, the deformation amount of a single path is 10-70 percent. After the forging is finished, forging pieces are subject to air cooling, the sheaths are turned and end faces are flattened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material technical field; Be particularly related to the Forging Technology of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material.
Background technology
Excellent comprehensive performances such as particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has high specific strength and specific stiffness, endurance, good heat conductivity, thermal coefficient of expansion is little, dimensional stability is good are with a wide range of applications as structural material at aerospace field.Studies show that in a large number mechanical properties such as intensity that receives much concern as structural material and plasticity are subjected to having a strong impact on of ceramic particle distributing homogeneity, and different plastic molding methods can directly influence the distribution of ceramic particle.Therefore, at the different composite material parts of different application occasion, how to guarantee that the even distribution of its ceramic particle will be to optimize the key factor that plastic forming process need be considered.
Ceramic particle agglomeration by the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of conventional methods such as casting, powder metallurgic method preparations is more serious, the percentage elongation of composite is lower, must carry out secondary operations to it, as extruding, forging and rolling etc., improve ceramic particle by big deflection and distribute, improve the mechanical property of composite.
For axis and shaft parts, adopting hot extrusion technique usually is composite billet extrusion molding rod or tubing blank, and the large deformation of extrusion process is very beneficial for the homogenising that ceramic particle distributes; Yet, for dish, cake class Shape Parts, can only consider to adopt forging jumping-up technology that the composite billet is configured as dish, cake spare.But, different with hot extrusion technique, forge in the upsetting process, because the effect of frictional force between flat anvil and the blank, the side surface of blank can form cydariform, cause the blank bulk deformation inhomogeneous, thereby influence the distribution situation of each position ceramic particle of forging, be unfavorable for the stability of forging tissue and mechanical property.Therefore, grasping the variation of ceramic particle distribution situation in the forging process will be to improving forging performance, improving Forging Technology and have great importance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mechanical property that can increase substantially particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, improve the Forging Technology that the ceramic particle homogenising distributes again simultaneously.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches by the following technical programs:
A kind of forging of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, the large deformation of taking to forge improves the distribution that ceramic particle strengthens body, increases substantially yield strength, tensile strength and the percentage elongation of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.Comprise the steps: that (1) provides the cylindrical forging blank of malleable particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material; (2) adopt resistance furnace or Fuel Furnace heating blank, temperature fluctuation ± 50 ℃; (3) with blank hot charging jacket, the jacket material is a structural steel, jacket wall thickness 3～30mm; (4) blank shove charge after furnace temperature arrives the appointment holding temperature is placed in effective workspace, and the blank holding temperature is 300～400 ℃, the maximum gauge δ of temperature retention time t and blank
MaxRelevant, δ
MaxDuring≤100mm, get t=2h; 100mm＜δ
MaxDuring＜500mm, get t=6h; δ
MaxDuring 〉=500mm, get t=10h; (5) blank is put into forging press and carried out flat-die forging; (6) behind the forging air cooling, car removes jacket, planar end surface.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the enhancing body particle of composite is Al
2O
3(aluminium oxide), SiC (carborundum), B
4C (boron carbide), TiC (titanium carbide), Si
3N
4Among (silicon nitride) and the AlN (aluminium nitride) any one; Alloy matrix aluminum is any one alloy in the duralumin (2 * * *).
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the enhancing body grain graininess scope of described composite is at 0.5～30 μ m, and in composite percent by volume 5%～35%.Through after forging, strengthen particle dispersion and be uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum, and form high-intensity interface with alloy matrix aluminum and combine.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described composite billet is cylindrical, and its ratio of height to diameter is less than 2.5.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the hot charging jacket, and after promptly jacket is heated to 200～500 ℃ earlier, the jacket of again blank being packed into.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: the jacket material is a structural steel, preferred No. 45 steel, jacket wall thickness 3～30mm.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: during forging, the deflection of composite billet is 10%～70%.
The advantage of the Forging Technology of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention is:
This Forging Technology can be improved the distribution that ceramic particle strengthens body well, increases substantially the yield strength and the tensile strength of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, and makes the plasticity of composite remain on higher level.
The present invention will be further described below by the specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, but do not mean that limiting the scope of the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is 20vol.%SiC
p/ 2009Al composite blank is along forging the metallographic microstructure photo (ZEISS-Axiovert 200MAT light microscope amplifies 200 times) of axially going up the centre.
Fig. 1 (b) is 20vol.%SiC
p/ 2009Al composite forging 5
#Along forging the metallographic microstructure photo (ZEISS-Axiovert 200MAT light microscope amplifies 200 times) of axially going up the centre.
Fig. 1 (c) is 20vol.%SiC
p/ 2009Al composite forging 6
#Along forging the metallographic microstructure photo (ZEISS-Axiovert 200MAT light microscope amplifies 200 times) of axially going up the centre.
Fig. 1 (d) is 20vol.%SiC
p/ 2009Al composite forging 7
#Along forging the metallographic microstructure photo (ZEISS-Axiovert 200MAT light microscope amplifies 200 times) of axially going up the centre.
Fig. 1 (e) is 20vol.%SiC
p/ 2009Al composite forging 8
#Along forging the metallographic microstructure photo (ZEISS-Axiovert 200MAT light microscope amplifies 200 times) of axially going up the centre.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The experiment material of present embodiment is the 5vol.%SiC of powder metallurgic method preparation
p/ 2009Al composite, the composite forge piece blank reheating is of a size of Φ 120 * 200mm.Specific implementation method: the first step, with forge piece blank reheating (totally 4 are numbered 1
#, 2
#, 3
#With 4
#) jacket on the hot charging, the jacket material is No. 45 steel, wall thickness is 15mm; Second step, with blank heating to 300 ℃, temperature retention time t=6h; The 3rd step, will carry out flat-die forging under the blank, deflection is respectively 10%, 25%, 50% and 70%; The 4th the step, treat 4 forging air coolings after, car jacket, planar end surface.
Embodiment 2:
The experiment material of present embodiment is the 20vol.%SiC of powder metallurgic method preparation
p/ 2009Al composite, the composite forge piece blank reheating is of a size of Φ 80 * 150mm.Specific implementation method: the first step, with forge piece blank reheating (totally 4 are numbered 5
#, 6
#, 7
#With 8
#) jacket on the hot charging, the jacket material is No. 45 steel, wall thickness is 10mm; Second step, with blank heating to 350 ℃, temperature retention time t=2h; The 3rd step, will carry out flat-die forging under the blank, deflection is respectively 10%, 25%, 50% and 70%; The 4th the step, treat 4 forging air coolings after, car jacket, planar end surface.
Embodiment 3:
The experiment material of present embodiment is the 35vol.%SiC of powder metallurgic method preparation
p/ 2009Al composite, the composite forge piece blank reheating is of a size of Φ 50 * 100mm.Specific implementation method: the first step, with forge piece blank reheating (totally 4 are numbered 9
#, 10
#, 11
#With 12
#) jacket on the hot charging, the jacket material is No. 45 steel, wall thickness is 5mm; Second step, with blank heating to 400 ℃, temperature retention time t=2h; The 3rd step, will carry out flat-die forging under the blank, deflection is respectively 10%, 25%, 50% and 70%; The 4th the step, treat 4 forging air coolings after, car jacket, planar end surface.
In view of the influence rule of examination different distortion amount,, the forging among above-mentioned three embodiment is carried out stretching mechanical property testing according to GB GB/T228-2002 to composite materials property.Specific implementation method is as follows: the forging among above-mentioned three embodiment along taking a sample perpendicular to forging on the direction, after the heat treatment (500 ℃ of solid solubility temperatures are incubated 1 hour, hardening, natrual ageing 96 hours), is carried out stretching mechanical property testing.
SiC
pThe mechanical property of/2009Al composite forging is as shown in table 1.As can be seen from the table, for for a kind of composite, along with deflection is increased to 70%, tensile strength (R from 10%
m) can increase significantly, and yield strength (R
P0.2) amplification is less, the percentage elongation (A) and the contraction percentage of area (Z) also all have to a certain extent to be increased.For the identical composite of deflection, the SiC volume fraction is high more, tensile strength (R
m) and yield strength (R
P0.2) high more, but the percentage elongation (A) and the contraction percentage of area (Z) are low more.
Table 1 is SiC after forging
pThe mechanical property of/2009Al composite forging
Fig. 1 has provided 20vol.%SiC
p/ 2009Al composite forging is along forging the metallographic microstructure of axially going up the centre.Fig. 1 (a) is the metallographic microstructure of composite blank (deflection is 0%) before forging, and white portion is an aluminium powder among the figure, and gray area is the SiC particle, does not have hole, defective such as loose in the composite.Aluminium powder is all spherical in shape, the gap of SiC particle agglomeration between aluminium powder, skewness.After forging, distortion has to a certain degree taken place in aluminium powder, shown in Fig. 1 (b) (the blank deformation amount is 10%), Fig. 1 (c) (the blank deformation amount is 25%), Fig. 1 (d) (the blank deformation amount is 50%) and Fig. 1 (e) (the blank deformation amount is 70%), and increase along with deflection, aluminium powder is pressed into ribbon, the less SiC particle of size progresses in the aluminium powder after the distortion and distributes more and more even, make the tissue of forging become evenly, corresponding mechanical property is also higher.Therefore, total deformation is big more, and the distribution of SiC particle is even more, and composite materials property is high more.
Claims (7)
1. the Forging Technology of a particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that, comprises the steps: that (1) provides the cylindrical forging blank of malleable particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material; (2) adopt resistance furnace or Fuel Furnace heating blank, temperature fluctuation ± 50 ℃; (3) with blank hot charging jacket, the jacket material is a structural steel, jacket wall thickness 3～30mm; (4) blank shove charge after furnace temperature arrives the appointment holding temperature is placed in effective workspace, and the blank holding temperature is 300～400 ℃, the maximum gauge δ of temperature retention time t and blank
MaxRelevant, δ
MaxDuring≤100mm, get t=2h; 100mm＜δ
MaxDuring＜500mm, get t=6h; δ
MaxDuring 〉=500mm, get t=10h; (5) forging blank being put into forging press forges; (6) behind the forging air cooling, car removes jacket, planar end surface.
2. the Forging Technology of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the enhancing body particle of described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is Al
2O
3(aluminium oxide), SiC (carborundum), B
4C (boron carbide), TiC (titanium carbide), Si
3N
4Among (silicon nitride) and the AlN (aluminium nitride) any one; Alloy matrix aluminum is any one alloy in the duralumin (2 * * *).
3. the Forging Technology of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the enhancing body grain graininess scope of described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is at 0.5～30 μ m, and in composite percent by volume 5%～35%; Through after forging, this enhancing particle dispersion is uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix aluminum, and forms high-intensity interface with alloy matrix aluminum and combine.
4. the Forging Technology of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the ratio of height to diameter of the cylindrical forging billet of described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is less than 2.5.
5. the Forging Technology of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described hot charging jacket is after jacket is heated to 200～500 ℃ earlier, in the jacket of again blank being packed into.
6. the Forging Technology of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the jacket material is No. 45 steel.
7. the Forging Technology of a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in described step (5), during forging, the deflection that forges billet is 10%～70%.
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| CN102189207A (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2011-09-21 | 南昌大学 | Thixotropic plasticity forming method of metal-based composite material |
| CN102534289A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-07-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Extrusion process of granule-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN103695683A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-02 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of silicon carbide granule reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN103725911A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-16 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of alumina particle-enhanced aluminum matrix composite material |
| CN103866165A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Isotropical high-strength high-toughness particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104325053A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-02-04 | 汤汉良 | Heading and extruding production method for spray deposition gradient aluminum alloy composite material piston and device thereof |
| CN106345831A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-25 | 柳州市双铠工业技术有限公司 | Extrusion forming production method for metal substrate and hard material composite abrasion-resistant product |
| CN106424501A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-02-22 | 厦门虹鹭钨钼工业有限公司 | Sheath-based difficult-to-deform material multidirectional swaging method |
| CN106694769A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process for forge piece of discontinuous reinforcement aluminum-based composite |
| CN106702369A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-05-24 | 柳州市双铠工业技术有限公司 | Composite wear-resisting lining board of metal substrate and hard wear-resisting material and manufacturing method for composite wear-resisting lining board |
| CN109596800A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of 2024 aluminum matrix composite jacket thermo shaping method of high-volume fractional whisker reinforcement |
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| CN102534289A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-07-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Extrusion process of granule-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN102189207A (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2011-09-21 | 南昌大学 | Thixotropic plasticity forming method of metal-based composite material |
| CN103866165A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Isotropical high-strength high-toughness particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103695683B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-09-02 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles |
| CN103725911A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-16 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of alumina particle-enhanced aluminum matrix composite material |
| CN103695683A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-02 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of silicon carbide granule reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN103725911B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-10-21 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites |
| CN104325053A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-02-04 | 汤汉良 | Heading and extruding production method for spray deposition gradient aluminum alloy composite material piston and device thereof |
| CN106345831A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-25 | 柳州市双铠工业技术有限公司 | Extrusion forming production method for metal substrate and hard material composite abrasion-resistant product |
| CN106702369A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-05-24 | 柳州市双铠工业技术有限公司 | Composite wear-resisting lining board of metal substrate and hard wear-resisting material and manufacturing method for composite wear-resisting lining board |
| CN106424501A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-02-22 | 厦门虹鹭钨钼工业有限公司 | Sheath-based difficult-to-deform material multidirectional swaging method |
| CN106694769A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process for forge piece of discontinuous reinforcement aluminum-based composite |
| CN106694769B (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2019-11-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of forging preparation process of Discontinuous Reinforcement aluminum matrix composite |
| CN109596800A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of 2024 aluminum matrix composite jacket thermo shaping method of high-volume fractional whisker reinforcement |
| CN109926544A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-25 | 河北科技大学 | A kind of miscellaneous granules enhancing metal-base composites and its casting method |
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Effective date of registration: 20190626 Address after: 101407 No. 11 Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee after: Research Institute of engineering and Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 100088, 2, Xinjie street, Beijing Patentee before: General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals |
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Effective date of registration: 20210722 Address after: 101407 No.11, Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee after: Youyan metal composite technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 101407 No. 11 Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee before: YOUYAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |