CN101699316B - Gas scintillation based fission neutron detector - Google Patents
Gas scintillation based fission neutron detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN101699316B CN101699316B CN2009102185177A CN200910218517A CN101699316B CN 101699316 B CN101699316 B CN 101699316B CN 2009102185177 A CN2009102185177 A CN 2009102185177A CN 200910218517 A CN200910218517 A CN 200910218517A CN 101699316 B CN101699316 B CN 101699316B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a gas scintillation based fission neutron detector. The detector comprises a detector barrel, an entrance window hermetically arranged at the front end face of the detector barrel, an exit window hermetically arranged at the rear end face of the detector barrel, two quartz windows arranged at two lateral surfaces of the detector barrel, at least two target stands fixed in the detector barrel, fission targets suspended on the corresponding target stands, two photoelectric detectors arranged outside the two quartz windows respectively, a charging tool communicated with the detector barrel, and scintillation gas filled in a barrel core; and the scintillation gas adopts inert gas or nitrogen. The gas scintillation based fission neutron detector solves the technical problems of low neutron/gamma resolving power and low neutron sensitivity in the conventional neutron detector, and has the advantages of smooth fast neutron energy response and quick time response.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fission neutron detector that is applied in low-intensity pulsed neutron/gamma mixed radiation field to measure neutron fluence rate, relate in particular to the luminous principle of a kind of fragment energizing gas that utilizes the neutron fission material production to realize detector to neutron detection.
Background technology
Low-intensity pulsed neutron/gamma mixed radiation field has following characteristics: neutron intensity is low, and neutron energy has a very wide distribution, and the radiation intensity of gamma ray and neutron intensity are in same level, and the duration of pulse is the microsecond magnitude.Therefore, measuring neutron fluence rate in this impulse radiation field is the problem of comparison difficulty, requires neutron detector to have higher neutron response, smooth power spectrum response, time response and higher neutron/gamma resolution characteristic faster.
Flicker thin film detector and scintillating fiber detector all are that the recoil proton that utilizes neutron to produce in scintillator excites the luminous principle of scintillator to come detected neutron.Yet since electronics in the luminescence efficiency of film and fiber than proton height, so the neutron/gamma resolution characteristic of flicker thin film detector and scintillating fiber detector is not high, be difficult to greater than 10 times.
The slit fission detector adopts the PIN detected neutron to bring out the fission fragment of fission target fission generation to realize the detection to neutron.PIN is straight higher according to sensitivity to neutron, and for reducing neutron directly according to influence, when surveying fragment, PIN will depart from beam channel usually and place, and is far away from the fission target, can only survey less fragment like this, causes the neutron response of this detector not high, is about 10
-16～10
-20Ccm
2
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of fission neutron detector based on gas scintillation that can have other detector advantage in low-intensity pulsed neutron/gamma mixed radiation field concurrently, and it has solved the existing technical matters that the neutron detector neutron/the gamma resolution characteristic is not high, neutron response is not high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator, its special character is: described detector comprises detector cylindrical shell 1, sealing is arranged on the entrance window 31 of detector cylindrical shell 1 front end face, sealing is arranged on the exit window 32 of detector cylindrical shell 1 rear end face, be arranged on two quartz windows 5 of 1 two sides of detector cylindrical shell, be fixed at least two target holders 6 in the detector cylindrical shell 1, be suspended on the fission target 7 on the corresponding target holder 6, be separately positioned on two photodetectors 20 outside two quartz windows 5, the aerating device 8 that is connected with detector cylindrical shell 1, fill in the counting gas 4 of tube in-core portion; Described counting gas 4 adopts inert gas or nitrogen.
The quantity of above-mentioned target holder is two, and it is separately positioned on the place ahead and the rear of quartz window.
The quantity of above-mentioned target holder is four, and one of them target holder is arranged on the cylindrical shell in quartz window the place ahead, and a target holder is arranged on the cylindrical shell at quartz window rear, and two other target holder is arranged on the middle cylindrical shell of two quartz windows.
Above-mentioned detector cylindrical shell 1 comprises main tube 11 and is arranged on main 11 interior tube core 12; Described main tube 11 is a rectangular structure, and its cross section is a rectangle; Described tube core 12 is a rectangular structure, and its cross section is round rectangle or octagon and corresponding with the cross section of main tube 11; Four prisms of described tube core 12 have the vertical chute that is used to adjust screw position.
Above-mentioned aerating device 8 comprises inflation inlet 81 that is arranged on main tube side and the three-way valve 82 that links to each other with inflation inlet 81 by corrugated tube.
Above-mentioned photodetector 20 is arranged in the sleeve 21, and described sleeve 21 usefulness screws are fixed on the quartz window 5.
Above-mentioned fission target 7 is suspended on the target holder 6 by fine wire 22.
The present invention adopts the photodetector detected neutron to bring out the luminous measurement that realizes neutron of fission fragment energizing gas that the fission of fission target produces, and it has following advantage:
1, the present invention is smooth to the fast neutron energy response.Fissioner changes slowly with neutron energy the fission cross section of fast neutron, and this has determined this detector to have smooth power spectrum response, is convenient to accurately measure power spectrum variation neutron fluence rate greatly;
2, time response of the present invention fast, can be less than 3ns.The gas luminescence time of the present invention is very fast, within several nanoseconds, and gas luminescence efficient is only relevant with energy deposition, irrelevant with particle kind, and gas is much smaller to the stopping power comparison fission fragment of electronics, and this has determined this detector to have time response and higher neutron/gamma resolution characteristic faster;
3, the present invention has very high neutron/gamma resolution characteristic, if adopt helium as scintillator, neutron/gamma is differentiated can reach 100 times.Because fission fragment can all be deposited on its energy and make gas luminescence in the gas, and adopts photomultiplier, thereby can realize higher neutron response, can reach 10
-14Ccm
2
4, counting gas of the present invention is that probing medium is luminous under the exciting of fission fragment, not only can survey nuclear fission fragment signal, also can survey other heavy charged particle such as proton, α particle of generation
5, the present invention adopts the mode of bilateral dress photoelectric detector, is convenient to deduct the influence of scattering background.
6, the present invention adopts three-way valve to connect bleeding point, and cylindrical shell can conveniently be bled, also convenient inflation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are two kinds of different structure synoptic diagram of detector;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of tube core;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of target holder;
Wherein: 1-cylindrical shell, 11-master's tube, 12-tube core, 31-entrance window, 32-exit window, 4-counting gas, 5-quartz window, 6-target holder, the 7-target of fissioning, 8-aerating device, 81-inflation inlet, 82-three-way valve, 9-chute, 20-photodetector, 21-sleeve, 22-tinsel.
Fig. 5 is the luminous timing chart of the particle excitated nitrogen of single α;
Fig. 6 is α source excitation gas with various luminous current signal under different pressure;
Fig. 7 is the neutron response of Theoretical Calculation.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention is based on the fission neutron detector of gas scintillator, comprise detector cylindrical shell 1, sealing is arranged on the entrance window 31 of detector cylindrical shell 1 front end face, sealing is arranged on the exit window 32 of detector cylindrical shell 1 rear end face, be arranged on two quartz windows 5 of 1 two sides of detector cylindrical shell, be fixed at least two target holders 6 in the detector cylindrical shell 1, be suspended on the fission target 7 on the corresponding target holder 6, be separately positioned on two photodetectors 20 outside two quartz windows 5, the aerating device 8 that is connected with detector cylindrical shell 1, fill in the counting gas 4 of tube in-core portion; The entrance window 31 of cylindrical shell 1 front and back end and exit window 32 are the thick nickel plate of 0.4mm; Counting gas 4 adopts inert gas or nitrogen; Detector cylindrical shell 1 adopts stainless steel to make, its long for 300mm, wide be 100mm, highly be 100mm, can guarantee photoelectric detector so as much as possible near the target chamber center line, with the raising light collection efficiency, can guarantee that again beam can not get on the photodetector; Detector cylindrical shell 1 comprises main tube 11 and is arranged on main 11 interior tube core 12; Main tube 11 is a rectangular structure, and its cross section is a rectangle; Referring to Fig. 3, tube core 12 is a rectangular structure, and its cross section is round rectangle or octagon and corresponding with the cross section of main tube 11; Four prisms of tube core 12 have the vertical chute that is used to adjust screw position; Aerating device 8 comprises inflation inlet 81 that is arranged on main tube side and the three-way valve 82 that links to each other with inflation inlet 81 by corrugated tube; The tube core adopts stainless steel to make, thick about 2mm, open the window of two φ 60mm in the relative position, target chamber both sides of distance rear end nickel window 10cm, quartz window with thick 6mm seals then, the cylinder that photodetector is fixed on quartz window from the side inserts, helicitic texture (screw) by crimping mode or tight device with lock is fixed on the quartz window 5, and photodetector adopts photomultiplier or photoelectric tube usually; Fission target 7 is suspended on the target holder 6 by fine wire 22; Tube core 12 inside surfaces are wanted polishing, and the one, reduce the inside surface venting, the 2nd, strengthen the light reflection to improve light collection efficiency; The target holder profile as shown in Figure 4, thick about 1mm, middle circle bore dia are φ 80mm, after it is mainly used in and installs target holder, the tube core are put into target chamber.
Usually load onto two target holders on the tube core, it is separately positioned on the place ahead and the rear of quartz window.Target holder is fixed on the core with screw, can load the fission target, can block the luminous of target holder outside gas.The gas that charges in distance between two target holders and the target chamber is relevant.The effect one of two target holders is the energy that increase the fission fragment deposition, increases the light emission; The 2nd, block two counting gas issued lights outside the fission target to reduce the signal that gamma produces.According to actual needs, also can load onto a plurality of target holders on the tube core, Figure 4 shows that four target holders, one of them target holder is arranged on the cylindrical shell in quartz window the place ahead, a target holder is arranged on the cylindrical shell at quartz window rear, and two other target holder is arranged on the middle cylindrical shell of two quartz windows.
In order to verify the effect of this neutron detector, the spy has done a series of experiments and Theoretical Calculation.
Fig. 5 is the luminous timing chart of the particle excitated nitrogen of single α that measures with photomultiplier 9815, and the energy of α particle is 5.443MeV, and nitrogen is an atmospheric pressure.Can see that on oscillogram 9815 waveform halfwidths are about 3.2ns, amplitude is about 27mV.This shows that nitrogen is luminous or quickish, should be within 3ns.
Fig. 6 is the α source excitation gas with various that measures with photomultiplier 9215 a luminous current signal under different pressure, and the energy of α particle is 5.443MeV, and the surface activity in α source is 5500Bq.On scheming, the luminous or more intense of gas can be seen, the higher sensitivity of neutron can be realized.
Fig. 7 is the neutron response of Theoretical Calculation, can see, this detection system is still quite smooth to the power spectrum response of neutron, and especially for helium, (0.2～7MeV) all is in 3.5～4.0 * 10 to its neutron response basically in very wide energy range
-14Ccm
2Between.
For neutron/gamma resolution characteristic of verifying gas fission neutron detector, 8000 Curie's of Xibei Nuclear Techn Inst
60Carried out detector gamma sensitivity calibration experiment on the Co gamma ray source.In experiment, detector fills the helium scintillator, and two fission targets are placed on an in-core at a distance of 10cm, adopt 9215 type photomultiplier detectable signals.Experimental result shows that this detector is 1.04 * 10 to the sensitivity of gamma
-16Ccm
2, compare with the neutron response of Theoretical Calculation, can see that neutron/gamma resolution characteristic can reach 100 times.
Claims (7)
1. fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator, it is characterized in that: described detector comprises detector cylindrical shell (1), sealing is arranged on the entrance window (31) of detector cylindrical shell (1) front end face, sealing is arranged on the exit window (32) of detector cylindrical shell (1) rear end face, be arranged on two quartz windows (5) of (1) two side of detector cylindrical shell, be fixed at least two target holders (6) in the detector cylindrical shell (1), be suspended on the fission target (7) on the corresponding target holder (6), be separately positioned on outer two photodetectors (20) of two quartz windows (5), the aerating device (8) that is connected with detector cylindrical shell (1), fill counting gas (4) in tube in-core portion; Described counting gas (4) adopts inert gas or nitrogen.
2. the fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the quantity of described target holder is two, and it is separately positioned on the place ahead and the rear of quartz window.
3. the fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described target holder is four, one of them target holder is arranged on the cylindrical shell in quartz window the place ahead, a target holder is arranged on the cylindrical shell at quartz window rear, and two other target holder is arranged on the middle cylindrical shell of two quartz windows.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described fission neutron detectors based on gas scintillator, it is characterized in that: described detector cylindrical shell (1) comprises main tube (11) and is arranged on the interior tube core (12) of main tube (11); Described main tube (11) is a rectangular structure, and its cross section is a rectangle; Described tube core (12) is a rectangular structure, and its cross section is corresponding with the cross section of main tube (11); Four prisms of described tube core (12) have the vertical chute that is used to adjust screw position.
5. the fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described aerating device (8) comprises inflation inlet (81) that is arranged on main tube side and the three-way valve (82) that links to each other with inflation inlet (81) by corrugated tube.
6. the fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described photodetector (20) is arranged in the sleeve (21), and described sleeve (21) is fixed on the quartz window (5) with screw.
7. the fission neutron detector based on gas scintillator according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described fission target (7) is suspended on the target holder (6) by fine wire (22).
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| CN2009102185177A CN101699316B (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2009-10-26 | Gas scintillation based fission neutron detector |
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| CN2009102185177A CN101699316B (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2009-10-26 | Gas scintillation based fission neutron detector |
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| CN101699316A CN101699316A (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| CN101699316B true CN101699316B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102621575B (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2013-04-17 | 西北核技术研究所 | Apparatus for measuring charged particle beam energy utilizing optical method |
| CN102621578B (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2013-05-08 | 西北核技术研究所 | Optical measurement method of charged particle beam energy |
| CN102628954B (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2014-03-12 | 西北核技术研究所 | Neutron detector based on polyethylene combined gas scintillator |
| CN104407370B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2017-11-14 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of high sensitivity and the flat vacuum type compton detector of energy response |
| CN107450090A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-08 | 南京中硼联康医疗科技有限公司 | Radiation dose measurement method |
| CN106970412A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-21 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of MCP neutron detectors based on polyethylene |
| CN106980137A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-07-25 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of fast neutron detector |
| CN110780339B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2024-04-12 | 华北电力大学 | Cold and hot neutron detector for petroleum well logging and lithium glass fiber preparation method |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4090083A (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1978-05-16 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Nuclear reactor ex-core startup neutron detector |
| US5783828A (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1998-07-21 | European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) | Apparatus and method for tritium measurement by gas scintillation |
| CN1816757A (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2006-08-09 | 尼托恩股份有限公司 | Neutron and gamma ray monitor |
| CN101251601A (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-08-27 | 西北核技术研究所 | Dispersion type scintillation detector for impulse gamma detection |
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2009
- 2009-10-26 CN CN2009102185177A patent/CN101699316B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4090083A (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1978-05-16 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Nuclear reactor ex-core startup neutron detector |
| US5783828A (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1998-07-21 | European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) | Apparatus and method for tritium measurement by gas scintillation |
| CN1816757A (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2006-08-09 | 尼托恩股份有限公司 | Neutron and gamma ray monitor |
| CN101251601A (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-08-27 | 西北核技术研究所 | Dispersion type scintillation detector for impulse gamma detection |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 刘立业等.气体闪烁正比计数器：GSPC.《核电子学与探测技术》.2005,第25卷(第6期), * |
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