CN106980137A - A kind of fast neutron detector - Google Patents
A kind of fast neutron detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106980137A CN106980137A CN201710331815.1A CN201710331815A CN106980137A CN 106980137 A CN106980137 A CN 106980137A CN 201710331815 A CN201710331815 A CN 201710331815A CN 106980137 A CN106980137 A CN 106980137A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- episphere
- fast neutron
- neutron detector
- lower semisphere
- neutron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
- G01T3/06—Measuring neutron radiation with scintillation detectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fast neutron detector, described fast neutron detector includes episphere, lower semisphere, episphere and the lower semisphere inner surface of the composition spherical cavity that interlocked with episphere are coated with wavelength conversion layer, are full of counting gas inside spherical cavity；Aerating device is installed at the top of episphere, pressure gauge is installed on aerating device；Observation window is arranged at the bottom of lower semisphere, and observation window is fixedly connected with sleeve, and photodetector is provided with sleeve.Counting gas is4He gas.The material of wavelength conversion layer is the butadiene of 1142 tetraphenyl 13.The fast neutron detector of the present invention is that the attribute neutron detector of fast neutron fluence can be measured in neutron/gamma mixed radiation field, with higher detection efficient, preferable directionality and higher neutron/gamma resolution capability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to neutron detection technical field, and in particular to a kind of fast neutron detector.
Background technology
Neutron field nearly all with gamma ray, such as fission device,252The radiation field of Cf neutron sources, Am-Be neutron sources etc..
Carry out fast neutron in neutron/gamma mixed radiation field（Refer in particular to neutron of the neutron energy in 100keV-20MeV）Fluence measurement
When, gamma ray can form interference signal in neutron detector, cause error count.Therefore, those skilled in the art are
Research with higher neutron/gamma resolution capability, the faster response time and with higher neutron detection efficiency it is fast in
Sub- detector.
Chinese patent literature storehouse discloses one kind and uses normal pressure helium（4He gas）The fast neutron combined with polyethylene conversion target
Detector（CN102628954A）, this fast neutron detector using fast neutron and polyethylene conversion target effect produce recoil matter
Son, and fast neutron and4The effect of He gas produces recoil4He cores,4He gas can send passage of scintillation light after being excited by charged particle, realize
Fast-neutron detection.During the fast neutron detector is detected soon dependent on normal pressure helium and polyethylene conversion target as sensitive material
Son, causes it to design detection efficient relatively low.Meanwhile, the fast neutron detector do not possess by4The ultraviolet light that He gas is sent（Peak value ripple
It is about 80nm）The part of wavelength convert is carried out, produced ultraviolet photon is absorbed by quartz window and cannot be introduced into photodetector,
The neutron detection efficiency of detector is caused to be difficult to reach expection.In addition, the unidirectional entrance window knot used in the fast neutron detector
The configuration of conversion target is closed only to the part neutron-sensitive on entrance window direction, causes detector to ring the neutron of different incident directions
Should be uneven.Disadvantages described above limits the popularization and application of the neutron detector.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of fast neutron detector.
The fast neutron detector of the present invention, is characterized in：Described detector include episphere, lower semisphere, episphere with
Lower semisphere is interlocked composition spherical cavity, and the inner surface of episphere and lower semisphere, which is coated with wavelength conversion layer, spherical cavity, to be full of
Counting gas.Aerating device is installed at the top of episphere.The bottom of lower semisphere is provided with observation window, and observation window is fixed with sleeve
Photodetector is installed in connection, sleeve.
Described counting gas is4He gas；
The material of described wavelength conversion layer is 1-1-4-2 tetraphenyl -1-3- butadiene.
It is provided with described episphere opening at upper flange, lower semisphere opening and is provided with lower flange, upper flange and laxative remedy
There is sealing ring between orchid, be fixedly connected between episphere and lower semisphere by fastening bolt, episphere is tightly connected with lower semisphere
Globulate cavity.
Described episphere and the hemisphere inside diameter ranges of lower semisphere are 80mm -200mm.
The air pressure range of described counting gas is 50atm -180atm.
The material of described observation window is one kind in sapphire or quartz glass.
Described aerating device includes threeway and hand-operated valve, and the top of threeway is connected with hand-operated valve, the lower end of threeway with it is upper
Hemisphere is communicated, and the side of threeway is connected with pressure gauge.
Pressure gauge is installed on described aerating device.
The present invention fast neutron detector using neutron with4The charged particle excited gas that He nuclear reactions are produced is sent
Ultraviolet light, then visible ray is converted ultraviolet light into by wavelength conversion layer, so as to realize the spy to neutron by photodetector
Survey, have the following advantages that：
1. the fast neutron detector of the present invention is high to the detection efficient of fast neutron.
What the fast neutron detector of the present invention was used4He gases and fast neutron action section are higher,4He gases are sent out itself
The UV transparent gone out, passes through increase4He air pressure can further improve neutron with4He nuclear reaction probability.Utilize material for transformation of wave length
It can make4The ultraviolet light that He gases are sent is converted to visible ray, it is seen that light can be detected through observation window by photodetector,
So as to reach the purpose for improving neutron detection efficiency.Result of calculation shows, 120 are used for 1.25MeV fast neutron to energy
Atm's4He gases can reach 8.1% neutron detection efficiency.
2. the fast neutron detector of the present invention is flat to the angular response of fast neutron.
The fast neutron detector of the present invention constitutes the spherical sensitive cavity of detector using two hemispherical Shells, can be to 4 π sides
To neutron uniform response, while spherical wavelength conversion layer can realize that uniform light is collected, so that the angle of detector
Response is flat.Result of calculation shows that neutron incident direction is no more than in the caused detection efficient change ratio of 0-180 ° of change
4.2%。
3. the time response of the fast neutron detector of the present invention is very fast.
The fast neutron detector of the present invention is used4He as gas scintillator, and4He be excited after de excitation luminescent half-life
It is short（10 ns）, therefore the time response of this detector is very fast.
4. the fast neutron detector of the present invention has higher fast neutron/gamma resolution capability.
4The electron density of He gases is low, so that low with the probability of gamma ray effect；4The luminous efficiency and particle of He gases
Species is unrelated, only related to energy deposition, and4He gases are much smaller than the stopping power to α particles to the stopping power of electronics, from
And greatly reduce the signal amplitude that gamma ray is produced in detector.Therefore, fast neutron detector of the invention can be real
Now higher fast neutron/gamma resolution capability.Result of calculation shows that detector is all 1.25MeV fast neutron and gal to energy
The resolution capability of horse is up to 10.03.
The fast neutron detector of the present invention is that the counting of fast neutron fluence can be measured in neutron/gamma mixed radiation field
Type neutron detector, with higher detection efficient, preferable directionality and higher neutron/gamma resolution capability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the fast neutron detector of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the detection efficient figure of the fast neutron detector of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the detection efficient result of calculation to different incident direction neutrons of the fast neutron detector of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the energy deposition spectra of the fast neutron detector of the present invention；
In figure, the photodetector of 1. episphere, 2. lower semisphere, 3. wavelength conversion layer, 4. counting gas, 5. observation window 6.
7. the fastening bolt of 12. sealing ring of sleeve 8. aerating device, 9. pressure gauge, 10. upper flange, 11. lower flange 13.
81. the hand-operated valve of threeway 82..
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
In Fig. 1, a kind of fast neutron detector of the invention, including episphere 1, lower semisphere 2, episphere 1 interlock with lower semisphere 2
The inner surface of composition spherical cavity, episphere 1 and lower semisphere 2 is coated with wavelength conversion layer 3, spherical cavity inside full of flicker gas
Body 4.The top of episphere 1 is provided with aerating device 8, aerating device 8 and is provided with pressure gauge 9.The bottom of lower semisphere 2 is provided with sight
Window 5 is examined, observation window 5 is fixedly connected with sleeve 7, and photodetector 6 is provided with sleeve 7.
It is provided with the opening of episphere 1 at upper flange 10, the opening of lower semisphere 2 and is provided with lower flange 11, upper flange 10
Sealing ring 12 is provided between lower flange 11, is fixedly connected between episphere 1 and lower semisphere 2 by fastening bolt 13, upper half
Ball 1 is tightly connected globulate cavity with lower semisphere 2.
Episphere 1 and lower semisphere 2 are using stainless steel thick 4mm, and hemisphere internal diameter is 100mm；Wavelength conversion layer 3 uses 1-1-
4-2 tetraphenyl -1-3- butadiene, mass thickness is 0.2mg/cm2；Counting gas 4 is used4He gases, its air pressure is 120atm,
Gas purity 99.9999%；Observation window 5 uses a diameter of 40mm, and thickness is 6mm sapphire, is fixed on by way of welding
The bottom of lower semisphere 2；Photodetector 6 uses photomultiplier, and the sleeve 7 being fixed on from side on observation window 5 is inserted, and makes light
Electric multiplier tube front end face is fitted with observation window 5；Aerating device 8 includes threeway 81 and the hand-operated valve for being arranged on the top of episphere 1
82；Threeway 81 is connected with hand-operated valve 82, and the lower end of threeway 81 is communicated with episphere 1, and pressure gauge 9 is connected with threeway 81, for supervising
Survey the pressure of counting gas 4；The inner surface of episphere 1 and lower semisphere 2 passes through polishing, it is therefore an objective to reduces surface and releases miscellaneous
Matter gas.
The present invention a kind of fast neutron detector in neutron with4In He gases4He atomic nucleus occur elastic scattering and produced
Recoil4He cores（That is α particles）, recoil4He cores exist4Sedimentary energy and excited in He gases4He gases send peak wavelength about 80nm
Ultraviolet photon, the material for transformation of wave length of ultraviolet photon again in excitation wavelength conversion layer（That is 1-1-4-2 tetraphenyls -1-3- fourths two
Alkene）Peak wavelength about 420nm visible ray is sent, the visible light-transmissive observation window is simultaneously received by photomultiplier and produces letter
Number, so as to realize neutron detection.
（1）4The ultraviolet photon that He gases are sent after being excited can not penetrate observation window, and can be made using material for transformation of wave length
Ultraviolet light is converted to visible ray, it is seen that light can be detected through observation window by photodetector, so as to realize neutron detection；Profit
With4He gases and fast neutron action section are higher, recoil4He nuclear energy amount is big, and4The UV transparent that He gases are sent to itself
The characteristics of, pass through increase4He air pressure with increase neutron with4He nuclear reaction probability, so as to reach the mesh for improving neutron detection efficiency
's.
（2）Two hemispherical Shells constitute the neutron uniform response that the spherical sensitive cavity of detector can be to 4 π directions, simultaneously
Spherical wavelength conversion layer can realize that uniform light is collected, so that the angular response of detector is flat；
（3）4He atomic numbers are low, and the electron density of its gas is low, so that low with the probability of gamma ray effect；Meanwhile,4He
The luminous efficiency of gas is unrelated with particle kind, only related to energy deposition, and4He gases are much smaller than to the stopping power of electronics
To the stopping power of α particles, so as to greatly reduce the signal amplitude that gamma ray is produced in detector, it is possible to achieve higher
Fast neutron/gamma resolution capability.
As shown in Fig. 2 embodiment 1 gives simulates the detector calculated in difference using monte carlo method4He air pressure
Under to the detection efficients of 1.25MeV fast neutrons, as can be known from Figure, in increase detector4During He air pressure can be improved linearly
Sub- detection efficient, when air pressure increases to 120 atm, neutron detection efficiency is up to 8.1%.
As shown in figure 3, the neutron response of 1 pair of each incident direction of embodiment is very flat.
As shown in figure 4,1.25MeV fast neutron and 1.25MeV gamma ray energy respectively in the detector sink
Product spectrum, the energy deposition of fast neutron energy deposition rate gamma ray in detector of embodiment 1 is more.
The material of the observation window of the present embodiment can also be replaced by quartz glass.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and the embodiment of embodiment 1 are essentially identical, and the main distinction is, the internal diameter of episphere 1 and lower semisphere 2 is
80mm, 4He air pressure is 50atm.The present embodiment and the beneficial effect of embodiment 1 are essentially identical, and the main distinction is the present embodiment
Detection efficient to 1.25MeV fast neutrons is 3.37%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and the embodiment of embodiment 1 are essentially identical, and the main distinction is, the internal diameter of episphere 1 and lower semisphere 2 is
200mm, 4He air pressure is 180atm.The present embodiment and the beneficial effect of embodiment 1 are essentially identical, and the main distinction is this implementation
Example is 4.51% to the detection efficient of 1.25MeV fast neutrons.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of fast neutron detector, it is characterised in that：Described detector includes episphere（1）, lower semisphere（2）, episphere
（1）With lower semisphere（2）Interlock composition spherical cavity, episphere（1）And lower semisphere（2）Inner surface be coated with wavelength conversion layer
（3）, spherical cavity is interior to be full of counting gas（4）；Episphere（1）Top aerating device is installed（8）；Lower semisphere（2）Bottom
Portion is provided with observation window（5）, observation window（5）With sleeve（7）It is fixedly connected, sleeve（7）Photodetector is inside installed（6）；
Described counting gas（4）For4He gas；Described wavelength conversion layer（3）Material be 1-1-4-2 tetraphenyl -1-3- fourths two
Alkene.
2. fast neutron detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described episphere（1）It is provided with opening
Upper flange（10）, lower semisphere（2）Lower flange is provided with opening（11）, upper flange（10）And lower flange（11）Between be provided with it is close
Seal（12）, episphere（1）And lower semisphere（2）Between pass through fastening bolt（13）It is fixedly connected, episphere（1）With lower semisphere
（2）It is tightly connected.
3. fast neutron detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described episphere（1）And lower semisphere（2）'s
Hemisphere inside diameter ranges are 80mm-200mm.
4. fast neutron detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described counting gas（4）Air pressure range
For 50atm-180atm.
5. fast neutron detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described observation window（5）Material be blue precious
One kind in stone or quartz glass.
6. fast neutron detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described aerating device（8）Including threeway
（81）And hand-operated valve（82）, threeway（81）Top and hand-operated valve（82）It is connected, threeway（81）Lower end and episphere（1）Phase
It is logical, threeway（81）Side and pressure gauge（9）It is connected.
7. fast neutron detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described aerating device（8）On pressure is installed
Power table（9）.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710331815.1A CN106980137A (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2017-05-12 | A kind of fast neutron detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710331815.1A CN106980137A (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2017-05-12 | A kind of fast neutron detector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106980137A true CN106980137A (en) | 2017-07-25 |
Family
ID=59343123
Family Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710331815.1A Pending CN106980137A (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2017-05-12 | A kind of fast neutron detector |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109143314A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-04 | 兰州大学 | A kind of proton-recoil method fast-neutron detection device |
| CN109386801A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-26 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of lighting device of the no radioactive source without external energy |
| CN116465914A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-07-21 | 天津大学 | Four-degree-of-freedom high-temperature vacuum environment box used under neutron diffraction condition |
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