CN101699163B - Molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device and method - Google Patents
Molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101699163B CN101699163B CN2009101934101A CN200910193410A CN101699163B CN 101699163 B CN101699163 B CN 101699163B CN 2009101934101 A CN2009101934101 A CN 2009101934101A CN 200910193410 A CN200910193410 A CN 200910193410A CN 101699163 B CN101699163 B CN 101699163B
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
The invention provides a molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device and a molten salt tube-shell type steam generating method. The device comprises a tube-shell type heat exchanger, a steam separation output component and a heating and heat preservation component, wherein the steam separation output component is arranged on the top of the tube-shell type heat exchanger, and the heating and heat preservation component is arranged on the outer side of the container wall of the tube-shell type heat exchanger; the tube-shell type heat exchanger is provided with a top tube box, a tube body and a bottom tube box in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the inside of the tube body is provided with tube bundles of which both ends are fixedly connected with the tube body by tube plates, and the gaps between the tube bundles are filled with molten salt; and the outer side of the tube body is provided with a molten salt inlet tube and a molten salt outlet tube, and the bottom tube box is provided with a water inlet tube and a water outlet tube. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-heating the tube body; and orderly performing molten salt filling, hot water filling, and steam separating and outputting. The device has the advantages of big effective heat storage capacity, long-term stable operation, and relatively low manufacturing cost and maintenance cost, and can meet the requirements on large-scale solar mid- and high-temperature heat utilization in industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high temperature heat utilization technology in the solar energy, particularly a kind of molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device and method.
Background technology
The high temperature heat utilization technology is a Chinese national economy STRATEGIES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT new energy technology as clean energy technology low-cost and that have the scale prospect in the solar energy.Moderate-high temperature heat utilization systems mainly is made up of condenser system, endothermic system, hold over system and heat utilization device in the solar energy.Because solar energy has intermittence and unstability, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of large-scale industrialization continous-stable energy supply, therefore must develop the high-efficiency thermal storage technology, could effectively solve solar energy conversion, transmission and storage problem.
Fused salt is heat transfer and the heat storage medium that extensively adopts in the at present middle high temperature solar heat utilization system owing to having the significant advantage that thermal capacitance is big, stability is high, operating temperature range is wide.Because transporting with easy to use of steam, steam is widely used in industries such as generating, chemical industry, food at present, and therefore how the fused salt accumulation of heat being converted into steam also just becomes one of key technology that elevated temperature heat is utilized in the solar energy.
The solar energy producing steam is the important form that the solar energy scale utilizes, and multiple steam generator based on the glass-vacuum tube thermal-arrest is arranged at present, and based on the steam generator of fused salt heat transfer heat accumulation function the bushing type steam generating device is arranged.The solar molten salt sleeve pipe type steam generating device uses the high temperature resistant selective coating of chuck outer wall to absorb solar radiant energy, and will absorb the fused salt in the heat transferred fused salt sleeve pipe, and the water of further passing to coiled inner tube forms steam.In the solar energy of scales such as solar energy thermal-power-generating in the moderate-high temperature heat utilization systems, there are some defectives in the molten salt sleeve pipe type steam generating device: (1) is because the heat energy that tube wall absorbs is directly passed to water conservancy project matter in the pipe by fused salt in the sleeve pipe, fused salt mainly plays heat transfer effect, and because the amount of stored heat of fused salt is less in the sleeve pipe, the heat accumulation function of fused salt working medium and fused salt groove is not fully used; (2) because the real-time change of the outer solar radiation of sleeve pipe can change with evaporation process being coupled in the fused salt in the sleeve pipe, the parameter of whole diabatic process of cannula system and water vapour is wayward; (3) because snakelike endothermic tube body construction is comparatively complicated, and the difficulty of processing of its sleeve pipe is big, therefore be difficult to the scale utilization.
In order to satisfy the needs that scale fused salt working substance steam takes place, this just needs, and a kind of effective regenerative capacity is big, steady in a long-term, manufacturing cost and lower middle high-temperature molten salt steam generation method and the device of operation expense.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of effective regenerative capacity big, and the molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device that can maintain a long-term stability, this device can satisfy in the solar energy of industrial scale elevated temperature heat preferably and utilize requirement.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of molten salt tube-shell type steam generation method of realizing by said apparatus.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device, comprise that shell-and-tube heat exchanger, steam separate output precision and heat tracing assembly, steam separates output precision and is located at the shell-and-tube heat exchanger top, and the heat tracing assembly is located at the chamber wall outside of shell-and-tube heat exchanger; Described shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises top bobbin carriage, body and the bottom bobbin carriage that sets gradually from top to bottom, and body inside is provided with tube bank, fixedlys connected with body by tube sheet respectively in the tube bank two ends, and interbank space is filled with fused salt in the body; The described body outside is provided with fused salt inlet pipeline and fused salt outlet conduit, and described bottom bobbin carriage is provided with water inlet pipeline and water out pipeline.
The body of described shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a tube structure, and top bobbin carriage and bottom bobbin carriage are respectively corresponding elliptical tube box structure.
The material of described top bobbin carriage, bottom bobbin carriage, body, tube sheet and tube bank is stainless steel; Between tube bank and the tube sheet, between tube sheet and the body all by welded seal, fixing formation integral structure; The top bobbin carriage is fixedlyed connected with body by flange respectively with the bottom bobbin carriage.
Described top bobbin carriage also is provided with and is used for the fluid level controller that the steam generation process guarantees level stability.
The diameter of single stainless steel tube is 10～30mm in the described tube bank, and pipe thickness is 1～2mm.
Described steam separates output precision and comprises steam channel and the steamdrum that is connected successively with the top bobbin carriage; Be provided with screen pack in the described steam channel, be respectively equipped with safety valve, steam (vapor) outlet, Pressure gauge and steam pressure controller on the steamdrum.
Described heat tracing assembly comprises heat-insulation layer and heater strip, and heater strip is wound in the body outside of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and heat-insulation layer is wrapped in the heater strip outside.
Described heat-insulation layer can adopt glass fibre thermal insulation material or other insulation material, and the thickness of heat-insulation layer depends on the temperature and the heat loss requirement of fused salt.
In the above-mentioned molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device, the kind of fused salt can be selected according to the actual work temperature interval of steam.
When molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of the present invention is worked, its operation principle is: high-temperature-hot-water is drawn into the bottom bobbin carriage from the water inlet pipeline, and enter the top bobbin carriage by tube bank, form the two phase flow phenomenon of steam and water in the fused salt heat exchanging process in the tube bank in high-temperature-hot-water and the body, the steam that produces in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger enters steamdrum by steam channel, the steamdrum internal pressure is constantly increased, after the steamdrum internal gas pressure reached setting pressure, steam (vapor) outlet was constantly exported high temperature and high pressure steam; In the steam generation process, fluid level controller is kept the liquid level level in the bobbin carriage of top, makes high-temperature-hot-water input quantity and steam output quantity reach balance; In the steam output procedure, pressure controller makes the pressure of output steam keep stable; The outer heat tracing assembly preheating body when starting of body solidifies to avoid fused salt, keeps temperature of molten salt after the shutdown and impels fused salt to reflux, and reduces heat loss simultaneously.
Molten salt tube-shell type steam generation method by said apparatus is realized may further comprise the steps:
(1) body preheating: start power supply, heater strip begins the body of economizer bank shell heat exchanger, is higher than the freezing point temperature of fused salt until the body temperature;
(2) fused salt perfusion: begin to pour into fused salt from the fused salt inlet pipeline in body, fused salt flows out from the fused salt outlet conduit after being full of whole body, cuts off the electricity supply when fused salt is full of body, stops the heating of heater strip;
(3) hot water perfusion: pour into high-temperature-hot-water from the water inlet pipeline in the bobbin carriage of bottom, high-temperature-hot-water enters the top bobbin carriage by tube bank after being full of the bottom bobbin carriage, after the water level of high-temperature-hot-water arrives designated water level in the bobbin carriage of top, finishes the hot water perfusion;
(4) steam separates output: the steam that produces in the hot water filling process enters steam channel, by entering steamdrum after the screen pack filtration, Pressure gauge detects the steam pressure in the steamdrum in real time, after the pressure in the steamdrum reaches the force value of setting, steam is exported from steam (vapor) outlet, and pressure controller makes the pressure of output steam keep stable in the steam output procedure.
Described steam separates in the process of output, and when steam was exported from steam (vapor) outlet, the bottom bobbin carriage of shell-and-tube heat exchanger need continue to pour into high-temperature-hot-water from the water inlet pipeline, and keeps level stability in the bobbin carriage of top by fluid level controller.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, steam generation process and steam parameter are stable.Use the body transmission of shell-and-tube heat exchanger and store high-temperature molten salt, increased substantially effective regenerative capacity, make heat exchange and evaporation process stable; Adopt Pressure gauge and steam pressure controller to detect in real time and the control steam pressure, can guarantee the stable of steamdrum internal pressure and steam output parameters.
2, operating temperature range is wide.Each assembly of shell-and-tube heat exchanger all adopts stainless steel material, has higher heat resisting and pressure resisting and decay resistance, can select desirable fused salt working medium according to the actual work temperature of steam, more helps cost control and reasonable resources utilization.
3, simple in structure, be easy to processing.Molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device comprises that shell-and-tube heat exchanger, steam separate output precision and heat tracing assembly, and these modular constructions are simple, are easy to processing, and these assemblies are convenient to large-scale production, and the scale that helps this device is used.
4, it is big to apply potentiality.The thermal source of molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device comes from high-temperature molten salt, and the accumulation of heat of high-temperature molten salt can come from multiple modes such as solar energy, industrial exhaust heat, chemical process, so the present invention can apply in a plurality of fields.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of Fig. 1 molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment
A kind of molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of present embodiment, its structure as shown in Figure 1, comprise that shell-and-tube heat exchanger, steam separate output precision and heat tracing assembly, steam separates output precision and is located at the shell-and-tube heat exchanger top, and the heat tracing assembly is located at the chamber wall outside of shell-and-tube heat exchanger; Shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises top bobbin carriage 1, body 5 and the bottom bobbin carriage 7 that sets gradually from top to bottom, and body 5 inside are provided with tube bank 11, restrains 11 two ends and fixedlys connected with body 5 by tube sheet 6 respectively, and the space of restraining 11 in the body 5 is filled with fused salt 12; Body 5 outsides are provided with fused salt inlet pipeline 10 and fused salt outlet conduit 2, and bottom bobbin carriage 7 is provided with water inlet pipeline 9 and water out pipeline 8.
The body 5 of shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a tube structure, and top bobbin carriage 1 and bottom bobbin carriage 7 are respectively corresponding elliptical tube box structure.Wherein top bobbin carriage 1, bottom bobbin carriage 7, body 5, tube sheet 6 and restrain 11 material and be stainless steel; All by welded seal, fix the formation integral structure between tube bank 11 and the tube sheet 6, between tube sheet 6 and the body 5; Top bobbin carriage 1 is fixedlyed connected with body 5 by flange respectively with bottom bobbin carriage 7.Top bobbin carriage 1 also is provided with and is used for the fluid level controller 13 that the steam generation process guarantees level stability.The diameter of single stainless steel tube is 10～30mm in the tube bank 11, and pipe thickness is 1～2mm.
Steam separates output precision and comprises steam channel 14 and the steamdrum 15 that is connected successively with top bobbin carriage 1; Be provided with screen pack 20 in the steam channel 14, be respectively equipped with Pressure gauge 16, steam (vapor) outlet 17, steam pressure controller 18 and safety valve 19 on the steamdrum 15.
The heat tracing assembly comprises heat-insulation layer 4 and heater strip 3, and heater strip 3 is wound in body 5 outsides of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and heat-insulation layer 4 is wrapped in heater strip 3 outsides.Heat-insulation layer 4 can adopt glass fibre thermal insulation material or other insulation material, and the thickness of heat-insulation layer 4 depends on the temperature and the heat loss requirement of fused salt 12.
In the above-mentioned molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device, the kind of fused salt 12 can be selected according to the actual work temperature interval of steam.
When molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of the present invention is worked, its operation principle is: high-temperature-hot-water is drawn into bottom bobbin carriage 7 from water inlet pipeline 9, and enter top bobbin carriage 1 by restraining 11, form the two phase flow phenomenon of steam and water in fused salt 12 heat exchanging process in the tube bank 11 in high-temperature-hot-water and the body 5, the steam that produces in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger enters steamdrum 15 by steam channel 14, steamdrum 15 internal pressures are constantly increased, after steamdrum 15 internal gas pressures reached setting pressure, steam (vapor) outlet 17 is the output high temperature and high pressure steam constantly; In the steam generation process, fluid level controller 13 is kept the liquid level level in the top bobbin carriage 1, makes high-temperature-hot-water input quantity and steam output quantity reach balance; In the steam output procedure, the steam pressure controller 18 of steamdrum 15 tops makes the pressure of output steam keep steadiness parameter; Body 5 outer heat tracing assembly preheating bodys 5 when starting are kept temperature of molten salt and are impelled fused salt to reflux to avoid fused salt to solidify after the shutdown, reduce heat loss simultaneously.
Molten salt tube-shell type steam generation method by said apparatus is realized may further comprise the steps:
(1) body preheating: start power supply, heater strip 3 begins the body 5 of economizer bank shell heat exchangers, is higher than the freezing point temperature of fused salt 12 until body 5 temperature;
(2) fused salt perfusion: from fused salt inlet pipeline 10 beginnings perfusion fused salt 12 in body 5, fused salt 12 is full of whole body 5 backs and flows out from fused salt outlet conduit 2, cuts off the electricity supply when fused salt 12 is full of body 5, stops the heating of heater strip 3;
(3) hot water perfusion: in bottom bobbin carriage 7, pour into high-temperature-hot-water from water inlet pipeline 9, after high-temperature-hot-water is full of bottom bobbin carriage 7, enter top bobbin carriage 1 by restraining 11, after the water level of high-temperature-hot-water arrives designated water level in the top bobbin carriage 1, finish the hot water perfusion, unnecessary high-temperature-hot-water flows out from water out pipeline 8;
(4) steam separates output: the steam that produces in the hot water filling process enters steam channel 14, by entering steamdrum 15 after screen pack 20 filtrations, Pressure gauge 16 detects the steam pressure in the steamdrum 15 in real time, after the pressure in the steamdrum 15 reaches the force value of setting, steam is from steam (vapor) outlet 17 outputs, and steam pressure controller 18 is kept the stable of output vapour pressure.
Separate in the output procedure at above-mentioned steam, steam is from steam (vapor) outlet 17 outputs the time, and the bottom bobbin carriage 7 of shell-and-tube heat exchanger needs to continue pour into high-temperature-hot-water from water inlet pipeline 9, and keeps level stability in the top bobbin carriage 1 by fluid level controller 13.
As mentioned above, just can realize the present invention preferably, the foregoing description is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used for limiting practical range of the present invention; Be that all equalizations of doing according to content of the present invention change and modification, all contained by claim of the present invention scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device, it is characterized in that, comprise that shell-and-tube heat exchanger, steam separate output precision and heat tracing assembly, steam separates output precision and is located at the shell-and-tube heat exchanger top, and the heat tracing assembly is located at the chamber wall outside of shell-and-tube heat exchanger; Described shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises top bobbin carriage, body and the bottom bobbin carriage that sets gradually from top to bottom, and body inside is provided with tube bank, fixedlys connected with body by tube sheet respectively in the tube bank two ends, and interbank space is filled with fused salt in the body; The described body outside is provided with fused salt inlet pipeline and fused salt outlet conduit, and described bottom bobbin carriage is provided with water inlet pipeline and water out pipeline.
2. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that the body of described shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a tube structure, top bobbin carriage and bottom bobbin carriage are respectively corresponding elliptical tube box structure.
3. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that the material of described top bobbin carriage, bottom bobbin carriage, body, tube sheet and tube bank is stainless steel; Between tube bank and the tube sheet, between tube sheet and the body all by welded seal, fixing formation integral structure; The top bobbin carriage is fixedlyed connected with body by flange respectively with the bottom bobbin carriage.
4. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described top bobbin carriage also is provided with and is used for the fluid level controller that the steam generation process guarantees level stability.
5. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that the diameter of single stainless steel tube is 10～30mm in the described tube bank, pipe thickness is 1～2mm.
6. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described steam separates output precision and comprises steam channel and the steamdrum that is connected successively with the top bobbin carriage; Be provided with screen pack in the described steam channel, be respectively equipped with safety valve, steam (vapor) outlet and Pressure gauge on the steamdrum, steam outlet also is provided with the steam pressure controller.
7. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described heat tracing assembly comprises heat-insulation layer and heater strip, heater strip is wound in the body outside of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and heat-insulation layer is wrapped in the heater strip outside.
8. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generating device of claim 7, it is characterized in that described heat-insulation layer adopts glass fibre thermal insulation material.
9. the molten salt tube-shell type steam generation method of realizing according to each described device of claim 1～8 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) body preheating: start power supply, heater strip begins the body of economizer bank shell heat exchanger, is higher than the freezing point temperature of fused salt until the body temperature;
(2) fused salt perfusion: begin to pour into fused salt from the fused salt inlet pipeline in body, fused salt flows out from the fused salt outlet conduit after being full of whole body, cuts off the electricity supply when fused salt is full of body, stops the heating of heater strip;
(3) hot water perfusion: in the bobbin carriage of bottom, pour into high-temperature-hot-water from the water inlet pipeline, high-temperature-hot-water enters the top bobbin carriage by tube bank after being full of the bottom bobbin carriage, after the water level of high-temperature-hot-water arrives designated water level in the bobbin carriage of top, finish the hot water perfusion, unnecessary high-temperature-hot-water flows out from the water out pipeline;
(4) steam separates output: the steam that produces in the hot water filling process enters steam channel, by entering steamdrum after the screen pack filtration, Pressure gauge detects the steam pressure in the steamdrum in real time, after the pressure in the steamdrum reaches the force value of setting, steam is exported from steam (vapor) outlet, and pressure controller makes the pressure of output steam keep stable in the steam output procedure.
10. according to the described molten salt tube-shell type steam generation method of claim 9, it is characterized in that, described steam separates in the process of output, when steam is exported from steam (vapor) outlet, the bottom bobbin carriage of shell-and-tube heat exchanger need continue to pour into high-temperature-hot-water from the water inlet pipeline, and keeps level stability in the bobbin carriage of top by fluid level controller.
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