CN101697423B - Non-active disturbance maximum power tracking method in photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system - Google Patents
Non-active disturbance maximum power tracking method in photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101697423B CN101697423B CN2009101849734A CN200910184973A CN101697423B CN 101697423 B CN101697423 B CN 101697423B CN 2009101849734 A CN2009101849734 A CN 2009101849734A CN 200910184973 A CN200910184973 A CN 200910184973A CN 101697423 B CN101697423 B CN 101697423B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-active disturbance maximum power tracking technology in a photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system, which achieves rapid and disturbance -free photovoltaic array maximum power tracking control according to natural fluctuation of the output power of a photovoltaic array. A working voltage of the photovoltaic array is sampled in a carrier cycle, and the current output power is calculated; a corresponding bus voltage value of the maximum power is searched in a voltage pulsation cycle, the voltage value is taken as a voltage instruction of the next cycle, and the working voltage of the photovoltaic array moves towards a maximum power point; a peak point of the array power variation is positioned in the midpoint of voltage pulse when the working voltage of the system moves to the maximum power point, and the bus working voltage is stabilized according to a maximum power tracking control strategy. The method can not generate the disturbance influence on a grid, has rapider maximum power tracking speed, and is unnecessary to select and set any parameter and suitable for the maximum power tracking control of the single-phase or three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photovoltaic power generation, especially a kind of non-active disturbance maximum power tracking method in the photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system.
Background technology
The power output of photovoltaic array has strong nonlinear, and closely related with meteorological conditions such as intensity of sunshine, ambient temperatures.Under a certain ambient temperature, different intensity of sunshine, the current-voltage of photovoltaic array (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curve are shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b).Can find out by Fig. 1 (b); Under certain intensity of sunshine and ambient temperature; When photovoltaic array only operated in a certain voltage, the power output of photovoltaic array just can reach maximum, and the photovoltaic array working point of this moment just reaches the peak of output P-V curve; Be referred to as maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP).
In grid-connected photovoltaic system, make system be in more satisfactory operating mode, and, can from photovoltaic array, obtain maximum power output for grid-connected system is in operation for any sunshine, must adopt the maximal power tracing technology.
Existing ripe maximal power tracing technology has following multiple, as reaching the observation method of perturbation (Perturb and Observe methods) of maximum power point, lead the conductance increment method (IncrementalConductance methods) of relatively coming to locate fast maximum power point with conductance increment through instantaneous static electricity through periodically increasing or reduce array voltage.The cardinal principle of these methods is based on the voltage of photovoltaic array and the active perturbation scheme of power, judges the maximum power search direction, and then judges whether photovoltaic array is in the work of maximum power point.This active perturbation scheme relates to the selection etc. of selection, forcing frequency and the speed of disturbance step-length; Also there is the variable step of employing mode to accelerate tracking velocity,, can influences the tracking efficient of system if related parameter choosing is bad; Grid-connected current and power are produced disturbance, influence the quality of grid-connected current.In addition, this active perturbation scheme need be in the disturbance all the time in service of system, even operating voltage has arrived maximum power point.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of non-active disturbance maximum power tracking method in the photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system; To avoid the having existing weak point of MPPT maximum power point tracking technology in the prior art in the grid-connected photovoltaic system now; Propose a kind of to electrical network generation disturbing influence; The maximal power tracing rapid speed need not any parameters of choice and setting, goes for the maximum power tracking and controlling method of single-phase or three-phase photovoltaic grid connected inverter system.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted is:
1, a kind of non-active disturbance maximum power tracking method in the photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system; It is characterized in that: adopt digital signal processor DSP control MPPT maximum power point tracking controller for solar MPPT; Fluctuation naturally according to the photovoltaic array power output; Operating voltage and operating current to photovoltaic array are sampled, and the line trace of going forward side by side of the maximum power of judging the search photovoltaic array may further comprise the steps:
(1) the positive polarity output of said photovoltaic array is inserted the dc bus of DC/AC inverter circuit; Direct current one side of said DC/AC inverter circuit has access to electric capacity with filtering and voltage stabilizing; The output line of said DC/AC inverter circuit has access to reactor, inserts electrical network after the output voltage process reactor filtering of DC/AC inverter circuit; The signal input part of said MPPT maximum power point tracking controller for solar MPPT is electrically connected with said photovoltaic array negative pole and said electric capacity respectively; Gather the operating voltage and the operating current of said photovoltaic array; Said digital signal processor DSP is electrically connected with said MPPT maximum power point tracking controller for solar MPPT; Control MPPT samples; And handling the data that MPPT returns, said DSP is electrically connected with the drive circuit of said DC/AC inverter circuit, sends drive signal to said DC/AC inverter circuit;
(2) said DSP control said MPPT to operating voltage and operating current signal in carrier cycle of photovoltaic array carry out n time the sampling; And will collect n voltage and current signal is sent to DSP, in DSP, calculate n each self-corresponding power output of sampled signal in the said carrier cycle;
(3) according to the pairing time interval of sample frequency; The operating voltage of pairing photovoltaic array when first mains ripple periodic light photovoltaic array power output of search is maximum in the carrier cycle of DSP, and the voltage instruction that said operating voltage is sent to the next mains ripple cycle as DSP;
(4) in DSP, search for second operating voltage of pressing pairing photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic array power output is maximum in the pulsation period; Second mains ripple that in DSP, MPPT is collected photovoltaic array peak power output in the cycle; Compare with the pairing power output of the said command voltage of step (3); If photovoltaic array is at the output power value of second mains ripple cycle power output maximum more than or equal to the said command voltage correspondence of step (3); Then DSP sends the parallel network reverse current-order through pi regulator to the DC/AC inverter circuit; The said command voltage of step (3) is become the driving duty ratio of DC/AC circuit by the inner PWM module converts of DSP, and with said second pairing photovoltaic array operating voltage of mains ripple cycle power output maximum as the voltage instruction of DSP to the next mains ripple cycle;
If photovoltaic array is at the output power value of said second mains ripple cycle peak power output value less than said command voltage correspondence; Then DSP does not send the instruction of parallel network reverse current drives to the DC/AC inverter circuit; And with first mains ripple when the photovoltaic array power output is maximum in the cycle operating voltage of pairing photovoltaic array as the voltage instruction in next mains ripple cycle; Repeating step (3) and step (4) are accomplished the maximum power of photovoltaic array are followed the tracks of.
The present invention judges the maximal power tracing of search photovoltaic array according to the fluctuation naturally of photovoltaic array power output, realizes quick undisturbed photovoltaic array maximal power tracing control.The present invention utilizes digital signal processor DSP; In a carrier cycle; Sampled light photovoltaic array voltage n time; The power output of calculating current array also compares in real time, and choosing greatly, the power output corresponding voltage value realizes the tracking of actual light photovoltaic array maximum power as the voltage instruction in next mains ripple cycle.
For single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inversion system, its synchronization AC current waveform is sinusoidal, and the synchronization AC electric current is related with the dc bus current existence, and the current pulsation fundamental frequency of dc bus is 2 times of mains frequency.Because the finiteness of photovoltaic array power and filter capacitor capacity, the current pulsation of bus is certain to cause the cyclic swing of DC bus-bar voltage, and the vibration frequency of busbar voltage is 2 times of mains frequency.The cyclic swing of busbar voltage that is to say the cyclic swing that photovoltaic array voltage exists; Therefore there is fluctuation in the output of the power of photovoltaic array; This power output pulsation is that nature exists; Utilize the fluctuation naturally of this power, judge the maximal power tracing of search photovoltaic array, realize quick undisturbed photovoltaic array maximal power tracing control.
The inventive method can not produce disturbing influence to electrical network, and the maximal power tracing rapid speed need not any parameters of choice and setting, is applicable to the maximal power tracing control of single-phase or three-phase photovoltaic grid connected inverter system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a photovoltaic array performance diagram of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 1 (a) is the I-V volt-ampere characteristic curve figure of photovoltaic array, and Fig. 1 (b) is the P-V power voltage performance diagram of photovoltaic array.
Fig. 2 is a photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is photovoltaic array mains ripple of the present invention and power output graph of a relation.
Fig. 4 is system of the present invention maximal power tracing control block diagram.
Fig. 5 is a maximal power tracing FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the power output of photovoltaic array has strong nonlinear.The output short circuit current of photovoltaic array and maximum power point electric current increase with the rising of intensity of sunshine; But the output open circuit voltage influence that changes array sunshine is not so greatly; Under certain intensity of sunshine and ambient temperature, the power output of photovoltaic array has peak.For improving the overall efficiency of grid-connected system, system should adopt the control of MPPT maximal power tracing, no matter promptly necessary assurance system makes photovoltaic array be in the maximum power output state automatically under which kind of intensity of sunshine and ambient temperature conditions all the time.In actual use; Photovoltaic module usually comes from different production firms; The parameter of assembly and characteristic are variant also the time; The magnitude of voltage at their maximum power point place is not quite similar, and has therefore objectively proposed a kind of requirement can both make the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output in all different occasions control method.
Referring to Fig. 2, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system structure chart.The output of photovoltaic array positive polarity inserts DC/AC inverter circuit dc bus, inserts capacitor C 1 in order to filtering and voltage stabilizing at the inverter circuit DC side.Single-phase or the three phase inverter bridge that the DC/AC circuit can be made up of MOSFET or IGBT.Be connected to electrical network after the inverter output process reactor L filtering.Control section uses digital signal processing chip DSP, and sampled light photovoltaic array voltage calculates the photovoltaic array power output.
Referring to Fig. 3, photovoltaic array mains ripple and power output relation.Wherein, Va is the command voltage of CVT, is positioned at Pmax left side (area I II); The valley point of the corresponding power output ripple in the valley point of mains ripple; If the peak dot of the corresponding power pulsations of the peak dot of mains ripple in following one-period, is new busbar voltage control command with the magnitude of voltage of power peak dot; The operating voltage of system (or to big) direction constantly to the right moves, and also promptly moves to the maximum power point direction.During system stability; Because electric current has the 100HZ pulsation, so the mains ripple track of dc bus is shown in the short and thick line on the P-V curve, if the sample frequency of array voltage and array power is 10khz; Each sampling period is carried out instantaneous power relatively; To select the corresponding array voltage value of the maximum instantaneous power of 20ms in the cycle, then its maximum power corresponding voltage value is positioned at Va1 place (shown in the dotted line), and Va1 is greater than Va.If behind 20ms of following one-period or 50ms, be the CVT voltage instruction with Va1, then the operating voltage of system can constantly move right, and until maximum power point voltage Vc, this moment, the voltage and instruction Vc voltage of maximum power point was overlapping shown in the short and thick line at Pmax place.
When the operating voltage of system moves to maximum power point; The peak dot that array power changes will be positioned at the mid point of mains ripple; At this moment; If carry out maximal power tracing control (voltage that peak dot power is corresponding instructs the most) with original control strategy, then the bus operating voltage can not move again, only if maximum power point changes with temperature, radiation intensity.
If temperature, sunshine change, the Pmax point voltage squints, and the Vc instruction is not overlapping with this voltage, then moves once more automatically.If initialization voltage is positioned at Pmax right side (area I); Principle is identical: the peak dot of the corresponding power output ripple in the valley point of mains ripple; If the valley point of the corresponding power pulsations of the peak dot of mains ripple in following one-period, is new busbar voltage control command with the magnitude of voltage of power peak dot; Then the operating voltage of system constantly left (or to little) direction move, also promptly move to the maximum power point direction.
According to above description, when system's maximal power tracing, do not add disturbance, utilize the mains ripple of system itself, command voltage is automatically moved to the maximum power point place,
Referring to Fig. 4, system's maximal power tracing control block diagram.System's maximal power tracing control block diagram.The operating voltage of sampled light photovoltaic array is also calculated current output power, searches for maximum power corresponding bus lines magnitude of voltage in the cycle at mains ripple, and with the voltage instruction of this magnitude of voltage as following one-period.The real work voltage and instruction Voltage Feedback of photovoltaic array relatively through pi regulator output parallel network reverse current-order, becomes the driving duty ratio of DC/AC circuit by the inner PWM module converts of DSP, realizes the tracking to the instruction of photovoltaic array operating voltage.
Referring to Fig. 5, system's maximal power tracing FB(flow block).In the carrier cycle, it is N that carrier wave ratio is set, and the power output of sampled light photovoltaic array voltage and computing array compares power output in real time, chooses the voltage instruction of big power output corresponding voltage value as next mains ripple cycle.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of non-active disturbance maximum power tracking method in the photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system; It is characterized in that: adopt digital signal processor DSP control MPPT maximum power point tracking controller for solar MPPT; Fluctuation naturally according to the photovoltaic array power output; Operating voltage and operating current to photovoltaic array are sampled, and the line trace of going forward side by side of the maximum power of judging the search photovoltaic array may further comprise the steps:
(1) the positive polarity output of said photovoltaic array is inserted the dc bus of DC/AC inverter circuit; Direct current one side of said DC/AC inverter circuit has access to electric capacity with filtering and voltage stabilizing; The output line of said DC/AC inverter circuit has access to reactor, inserts electrical network after the output voltage process reactor filtering of DC/AC inverter circuit; The signal input part of said MPPT maximum power point tracking controller for solar MPPT is electrically connected with said photovoltaic array negative pole and said electric capacity respectively; Gather the operating voltage and the operating current of said photovoltaic array; Said digital signal processor DSP is electrically connected with said MPPT maximum power point tracking controller for solar MPPT; Control MPPT samples; And handling the data that MPPT returns, said DSP is electrically connected with the drive circuit of said DC/AC inverter circuit, sends drive signal to said DC/AC inverter circuit;
(2) said DSP control said MPPT to operating voltage and operating current signal in carrier cycle of photovoltaic array carry out n time the sampling; And will collect n voltage and current signal is sent to DSP, in DSP, calculate n each self-corresponding power output of sampled signal in the said carrier cycle;
(3) according to the pairing time interval of sample frequency; The operating voltage of pairing photovoltaic array when first mains ripple periodic light photovoltaic array power output of search is maximum in the carrier cycle of DSP, and the voltage instruction that said operating voltage is sent to the next mains ripple cycle as DSP;
(4) operating voltage of second mains ripple of search pairing photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic array power output is maximum in the cycle in DSP; Second mains ripple that in DSP, MPPT is collected photovoltaic array peak power output in the cycle; Compare with the pairing power output of the said voltage instruction of step (3); If photovoltaic array is at the output power value of second mains ripple cycle power output maximum more than or equal to the said command voltage instruction of step (3); Then DSP sends the parallel network reverse current-order through pi regulator to the DC/AC inverter circuit; The said voltage instruction of step (3) is become the driving duty ratio of DC/AC circuit by the inner PWM module converts of DSP, and with said second voltage instruction that the pairing photovoltaic array operating voltage of mains ripple cycle power output maximum is sent to the next mains ripple cycle as DSP;
If photovoltaic array is at the output power value of said second mains ripple cycle peak power output value less than said command voltage correspondence; Then DSP does not send the instruction of parallel network reverse current drives to the DC/AC inverter circuit; And with first mains ripple when the photovoltaic array power output is maximum in the cycle operating voltage of pairing photovoltaic array as the voltage instruction in next mains ripple cycle; Repeating step (3) and step (4) are accomplished the maximum power of photovoltaic array are followed the tracks of.
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| CN101841165B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2012-07-25 | 盈威力新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Soft switching control method for flyback single-stage photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN101958557B (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2013-03-06 | 深圳市科奥信电源技术有限公司 | Peak power output tracking method and system for solar battery |
| CN102097823B (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 山东电力集团公司烟台供电公司 | Two-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system without direct-current (DC) voltage sensor and control method of system |
| CN102129265A (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2011-07-20 | 北京交通大学 | Miniature photovoltaic array maximum power tracking device and method |
| CN102904474A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-30 | 上海亿福新能源技术有限公司 | Self-regulation tracking method for tracking maximum power point of photovoltaic inverter |
| CN102447428A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-05-09 | 东莞市凯登能源科技有限公司 | Method, device and system for self-locking of power |
| CN102427316A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-04-25 | 东莞市凯登能源科技有限公司 | Power automatic searching method, apparatus thereof and system thereof |
| CN102570395A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-11 | 安徽颐和新能源科技股份有限公司 | Automatic identification and empty-fetch protection method for photovoltaic water pump frequency converter |
| CN103064460B (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-11-05 | 深圳晶福源科技股份有限公司 | MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and MPPT control method of photovoltaic inverter |
| CN103677067B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-03-30 | 深圳市金宏威技术有限责任公司 | A kind of method, device and photovoltaic generating system realizing MPPT maximum power point tracking |
| CN106251746B (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2022-04-29 | 杭州澳宇自动化设备有限公司 | Portable photovoltaic power plant analog instrument operation control system |
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