CN101697018A - Device and method for simulating hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN101697018A CN101697018A CN200910236248A CN200910236248A CN101697018A CN 101697018 A CN101697018 A CN 101697018A CN 200910236248 A CN200910236248 A CN 200910236248A CN 200910236248 A CN200910236248 A CN 200910236248A CN 101697018 A CN101697018 A CN 101697018A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for simulating hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum, which comprises a model cylinder of which the bottom surface is provided with a heat insulating plate; a heat source is arranged on the heat insulating plate; the upper part of the heat source is used for stacking hydrate settled layers; the inside of the model cylinder is provided with a plurality of pressure test points along the height direction; a temperature test point is also arranged at the same height position as each pressure test point; the temperature test point is embedded with a temperature sensor; and each pressure test point is provided with a pressure sensor. The device can simulate the fracture of the stratum with the maximum water depth of 3,000 meters, adopts miniature pore pressure to measure pore pressure distribution and not to influence the stratum obviously, and can conveniently prepare the stratified stratum. A bottom heating method is adopted so as to well simulate a bottom-up propagation process of heat in the stratum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the decomposition of hydrate field, especially a kind of analogue means of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum and method.
Background technology
Gas hydrate are under suitably high pressure and suitably low temperature conditions, the cage type crystalline compounds that the class of being made up of water and rock gas is iced.Gas hydrate extensively are distributed in the deepwater environment of continent, ocean and some interior lakes, are a kind of important potential resourcess.
Along with the minimizing of world's oil gas allowable exploitation and the increase of consumption, the urgency of deep sea hydrate exploitation is remarkable day by day.States such as the U.S., Japan, Canada have carried out the work of aspects such as a large amount of phase balance conditions, method of exploration, and have carried out pilot production.
Oil-gas mining, hydrate exploitation or natural conditions variation can cause decomposition of hydrate in the hydrate sediment stratum (abbreviation hydrate sediment).Decomposition of hydrate makes the rock soil medium in the sedimentary deposit lose splicing on the one hand, can change the structure of sedimentary deposit on the other hand, and the gas of generation can increase pore pressure again, thereby this sedimental intensity is reduced, and comparatively significantly weak band occurs.The reduction of hydrate deposit layer intensity is the omen that the stratum disaster takes place, it is multiple geologic hazard inducement, can cause multiple serious disaster, as because the destruction of works in sea that the well head surrounding soil large deformation that causes of decomposition of hydrate causes or the sea bed, as platform topple, oil gas well breaking-up etc.This disaster will produce serious harm to works in the sea bed, but the research of aspects such as its controlled variable and evolutionary process is also lacked very much.It is documented that the norwegian continental shelf edge is 2500～3200 cubic kilometers of sediments owing to slip altogether in the submarine slide (Stofegga landslide) that decomposition of hydrate takes place, is the submarine slide of the maximum found so far.A large amount of geologic examinations is that decomposition has taken place hydrate owing to water temperature increase at that time with the reason that the analysis showed that this landslide of generation.The rapid decomposition of hydrate will cause multiple failure modes such as wide-spread decline, and may cause tsunami.
Summary of the invention
Problem at the prior art existence, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of analogue means and method of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum, these apparatus and method can easily prepare the stratum that has bedding and density stratification to change, and employing bottom heating method, heat communication process from the bottom up in the simulated formation well.
For achieving the above object, the analogue means of a kind of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum of the present invention, comprise the model tube, the bottom surface of this model tube is provided with thermal insulation board, thermal insulation board is provided with thermal source, the top of thermal source is used to pile up the hydrate deposit layer, is provided with a plurality of pore pressure test points along its short transverse in the model tube, also is provided with the temperature test point on the height and position identical with each pore pressure test point; Be embedded with temperature sensor on the described temperature test point, described pore pressure test point is provided with the pore pressure sensor.
Further, the top of model tube is provided with top cover.
Further, described model tube is the elongate cylindrical shape structure, and described thermal source is a disk shape structure.
Further, its short transverse of described model tube upper edge is provided with scale.
Further, the bottom of described model tube is provided with fluid injection pipeline and gas injection pipeline.
Further, described temperature sensor and pressure transducer are controlled by watch-dog, are carried out the collection analysis of data by data handling system.
A kind of analogy method of utilizing said apparatus to carry out is specially:
1) in the model tube, inserts experiment soil, divides several layers to hit tight and make it possess certain dry density, form the sedimentary deposit that does not contain hydrate, and put layout thermal source, temperature sensor and pore pressure sensor at the experiment desired location;
2) according to the experiment demand difference, the overlayer of sedimentary deposit top capping varying strength;
3) in preparation process, set the bed boundary that one or several has density and strength difference, for the formation of observing the delamination failure phenomenon;
4) with set amount wait add solution or body to be inflated is filled in the sedimentary deposit, to prepare corresponding hydrate sediment;
5) simulation system is put into constant temperature oven and carried out permanent sub zero treatment;
6) after hydrate sediment forms, close source of the gas, and with the discharging of inner residual gas, being applied pressure to by top cover by external force provides needed pressure condition when decomposing experiment in water layer and the stratum;
7) open measuring equipment, set the thermal source condition, carry out decomposition of hydrate test in the sediment, and the variation of real time record temperature, pore pressure field, lamination observed simultaneously;
8) thickness, pore pressure, the temperature parameter between the priority time of the number of plies, each layer generation of record layering, position, two layers.
Further, the solution to be added in the described step 4) is tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution, and the hydrate sediment of its formation is the tetrahydrofuran hydrate sediment.
Further, the body to be inflated in the described step 4) is a methane, when filling methane gas, need apply the vertical load that equates with air pressure at the cover plate top of described model tube, the pressure of needs when providing the methane hydrate sediment to form.
Further, the processing time in the described step 5) is 2～3 days.
The present invention can simulate ground damage layer under 3000 meters of the maximum water depths, adopt miniature hole pick-up hole crack pressure distribution simultaneously and the stratum is not produced obviously influence, can prepare the stratum that the joint is arranged easily.Adopt bottom heating method, well heat communication process from the bottom up in the simulated formation.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the invention structural representation.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the analogue means of a kind of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum of the present invention, the model tube 1 that comprises the elongate cylindrical shape structure, it is convenient to observation and interpretation of result that the heat transfer process that contains phase transformation, sedimentary deposit or overlayer that decomposition of hydrate causes destroy.The bottom surface of model tube 1 is provided with thermal insulation board 2, thermal insulation board 2 is provided with thermal source 3, thermal insulation board 2 is used for heat insulation between this device and the worktable, make thermal source 3 can keep constant temperature or firm power heating preferably, for suitable with the shape of model tube 1, thermal source 3 is a disk shape structure, and its inside is provided with thermostat, and is too high to prevent temperature.
The top of thermal source 3 is used to pile up hydrate deposit layer 4, hydrate deposit layer 4 top are cap rock 5, one and a plurality of bed boundaries (or bedding) are set artificially, as the weak location of delamination failure experiment after the decomposition of hydrate in hydrate deposit layer 4 and cap rock 5 when sample preparation; Cap rock 5 tops are provided with the antifreezing liquid layer 6 of simulated seawater layer, and antifreezing liquid layer 6 top are provided with mobilizable model casing top cover 7, when top cover 7 is applied vertical external force, form needed pressure condition so that stratum and hydrate to be provided.
Its short transverse of model tube 1 upper edge is provided with scale 8, and scale 8 is used to parameters such as the position of writing down the interphase of zones of different and delamination area occurring and lift height, when model tube 1 adopts transparent material to make, can directly identify scale 8 on barrel; When model tube 1 adopts nontransparent material to make, can make visual windows at the scale place, calibrated scale;
The bottom of model tube is provided with fluid injection pipeline 9 and gas injection pipeline 10, is provided with flowmeter 17 on fluid injection pipeline 9 and the gas injection pipeline 10.Be provided with a plurality of pore pressure test points 11 along its short transverse in the model tube 1, also be provided with temperature test point 12 on the height and position identical with each pore pressure test point 11; Be embedded with temperature sensor 13 on the temperature test point 12, pore pressure test point 11 is provided with pore pressure sensor 14.Pore pressure sensor 14 is used to measure the distribution of hole pressure field, and record gasification zone; Temperature sensor 13 is used to measure the distribution in temperature field, and record different decomposition zone; Temperature sensor 13 and pore pressure sensor 14 are controlled by watch-dog 15, and watch-dog 15 is used for monitoring in real time the position of lamination and decomposition face, and contrast scale record correspondence position; The overlayer of synthesized hydrate sediment, different-thickness and intensity is to analyze the influence of overlayer to layering in the simultaneously real-time monitoring experiment.The data of gained are carried out the collection analysis of data in the experiment by data handling system 16.
The analogy method of utilizing said apparatus to carry out is specially:
1) in the model tube, inserts experiment soil, divides several layers to hit tight and make it possess certain dry density, form the sediment that does not contain hydrate, and put layout thermal source, temperature sensor and pressure transducer at the experiment desired location;
2) according to the experiment demand difference, the overlayer of sediment top capping varying strength;
3) in preparation process, set the bed boundary that one or several has density and strength difference, for the formation of observing the delamination failure phenomenon;
4), the tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution of set amount is filled in the sedimentary deposit by inlet if preparation tetrahydrofuran hydrate sediment then becomes solution with tetrahydrofuran with the water proportioning in advance.If preparation methane hydrate sediment is then connected the methane source of the gas, the pressure of needs when applying the vertical load that equates with air pressure at the cover plate top hydrate formation being provided;
5) simulation system is put into constant temperature oven and carried out permanent sub zero treatment, under the pressure condition that low temperature that constant temperature oven provides and source of the gas provide, form the hydrate sediment of saturation degree with setting through time of 2～3 days;
6) after hydrate sediment forms, close liquid source and source of the gas, and with the discharging of inner residual gas, being applied pressure to by top cover by external force provides needed pressure condition when decomposing experiment in water layer and the stratum;
7) open measuring equipment, set the thermal source condition, carry out decomposition of hydrate test in the sediment, and the variation of real time record temperature, pressure field, lamination observed simultaneously;
8) thickness, pressure, the temperature parameter between the priority time of the number of plies, each layer generation of record layering, position, two layers.
The test result analysis method:
Determine each decomposition region of hydrate by temperature, pressure measurement data:, determine the position and the shape of decomposition of hydrate district, water vapor district, fluidized zone etc. by the Temperature Distribution that measures according to water vapor, decomposition of hydrate liquefaction and gasification temperature.
The main reason that layering takes place is determined in sequencing by layering and position: the artificial bedding position, stratum that is provided with during by the position of decomposition of hydrate district, water vapor district, fluidized zone etc. and sample preparation, permeability parameter in conjunction with pressure distribution, water and gas, the frictions of stratum and barrel etc. analyze the main reason and the condition of delamination failure.
Be determined by experiment the critical value A in the following formula:
, A is the critical value that destruction is taken place, and P is a maximum pore pressure, and τ is the sidewall friction resistance, and S is the intensity at bedding place.
Claims (10)
1. the analogue means of a hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum, it is characterized in that, comprise the model tube, the bottom surface of this model tube is provided with thermal insulation board, thermal insulation board is provided with thermal source, the top of thermal source is used to pile up the hydrate deposit layer, is provided with a plurality of pore pressure test points along its short transverse in the model tube, also is provided with the temperature test point on the height and position identical with each pore pressure test point; Be embedded with temperature sensor on the described temperature test point, described pore pressure test point is provided with the pore pressure sensor.
2. the analogue means of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the top of described model tube is provided with top cover.
3. the analogue means of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described model tube is the elongate cylindrical shape structure, and described thermal source is a disk shape structure.
4. the analogue means of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, its short transverse of described model tube upper edge is provided with scale.
5. the analogue means of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the bottom of described model tube is provided with fluid injection pipeline and gas injection pipeline.
6. the analogue means of hydrate decomposition to cause layered fracture of stratum as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described temperature sensor and pressure transducer are controlled by watch-dog, is carried out the collection analysis of data by data handling system.
7. analogy method of utilizing said apparatus to carry out is specially:
1) in the model tube, inserts experiment soil, divides several layers to hit tight and make it possess certain dry density, form the sedimentary deposit that does not contain hydrate, and put layout thermal source, temperature sensor and pore pressure sensor at the experiment desired location;
2) according to the experiment demand difference, the overlayer of sedimentary deposit top capping varying strength;
3) in preparation process, set the bed boundary that one or several has density and strength difference, for the formation of observing the delamination failure phenomenon;
4) with set amount wait add solution or body to be inflated is filled in the sedimentary deposit, to prepare corresponding hydrate sediment;
5) simulation system is put into constant temperature oven and carried out permanent sub zero treatment;
6) after hydrate sediment forms, close source of the gas, and with the discharging of inner residual gas, being applied pressure to by top cover by external force provides needed pressure condition when decomposing experiment in water layer and the stratum;
7) open measuring equipment, set the thermal source condition, carry out decomposition of hydrate test in the sediment, and the variation of real time record temperature, pore pressure field, lamination observed simultaneously;
8) thickness, pressure, the temperature parameter between the priority time of the number of plies, each layer generation of record layering, position, two layers.
8. analogy method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the solution to be added in the described step 4) is tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution, and the hydrate sediment of its formation is the tetrahydrofuran hydrate sediment.
9. analogy method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that the body to be inflated in the described step 4) is a methane, when filling methane gas, need apply the vertical load that equates with air pressure at the cover plate top of described model tube, the pressure that needs when providing the methane hydrate sediment to form.
10. analogy method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the processing time in the described step 5) is 2～3 days.
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