CN101697010B - Method for constructing multifunctional linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system - Google Patents
Method for constructing multifunctional linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a multifunctional linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. Aiming at the problems that severe vibration at the two ends of wings of a double-ended emission model more brings a large error, and simultaneously arrays cannot be densely distributed because feeder lines at the two ends are long, the center of gravity is far away and the like, a sparse-dense-sparse-dense-sparse type multifunctional linear array three-dimensional SAR system is constructed on the basis of a PCA principle. Such a system is closer to the body than dense main antenna array elements, so the error caused by the severe vibration of the two wings is reduced, the overall length of the feeder lines is shortened, and the center of gravity is close to an airframe, which contributes to stabilizing an overall system. Moreover, the method for constructing the multifunctional linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system makes full use of resources of the system, saves cost, improves the comprehensive performance of the system, and realizes a radar imaging system with multi-working modes and a higher performance.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the Radar Technology field, it has been particularly related to Radar Antenna System and radar imagery technical field.
Technical background:
The radar imagery technology is to grow up the 1950's, and it is an important milestone on the radar development history.Since then, no longer just the object of being observed is regarded as " point " target measures its position and kinematic parameter to function of radar, and can also obtain the image of target and scene through high resolution element.Simultaneously because radar itself has characteristics such as round-the-clock, round-the-clock, remote and broad observation band, thereby make that the radar imagery technology obtains to pay attention to widely and study.
At present, the radar imagery technology has been carried out many-sided more deep research both at home and abroad, and a series of application of result has been arranged in the middle of actual engineering.Yet most radar system all only is suitable for certain specific operative scenario, realizes a certain particular functionality; And in actual engineering, often require radar quite using in the complex operating environment; Single radar type or single radar system usually can not meet the demands, and must adopt two or more radar type just can carry out effectively detecting activity.Therefore, a kind of have a focus that multi-functional, high performance imaging radar system becomes current research.
The document of understanding and having delivered according to the inventor; For example: Jung-Hyo Kim; A.Ossowska, W.Wiesbeck " Investigation of MIMO SAR for Interferometry " Radar Conference, 2007.EuRAD 2007.European.J.Klare“Digital?Beamforming?for?a?3D?MIMO?SAR-Improvements?through?Frequency?and?Waveform?Diversity”Geoscience?and?Remote?Sensing?Symposium，2008.IGARSS?2008.IEEE?Intemational。Had at present the people with MIMO array antenna technical application at aspects such as interference synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and linear-array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radars; But mostly function singleness can not be utilized the resource of system fully; And the unreasonable meeting great errors of model causes bigger influence to image quality owing to structure the formation.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is primarily aimed at abroad the shake of " both-end emission " wing two ends that model occurred and more acutely can brings than mistake; Also have simultaneously that double-end feed is long, center of gravity is remote etc. and be inappropriate for problems such as the close battle array of cloth; Invented the construction method of a kind of multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system; The linear array D S AR system that makes up according to the present invention has reduced because the error of the linear array D S AR system that motion platform wing jitter profile unbalanced (referring to that mainly the shake of wing two ends is more violent) is brought realizes having multi-operation mode and the higher radar imagery system of performance.
Describe content of the present invention for ease, at first make following term definition:
Pulse repetition rate is the trigger pulse number that transmitter per second kind produces, and representes with PRF.The time interval between two adjacent pulses is called the pulse repetition time (being called the slow time again), representes that with PRT it equals the inverse of pulse repetition rate.
The two dimension synthetic-aperture radar is to utilize pulse compression technique to obtain high range resolution, utilizes the relative motion of platform to obtain the radar system of high azimuthal resolution, and its main system index is working signal wavelength X, angular resolution ρ
θAnd pulse repetition rate PRF etc.See document " radar imagery technology " for details, protects polished, Xing Mengdao, Wang Tong writes, Electronic Industry Press's publication.
Interference synthetic aperture radar is that the echo data that utilizes the observation of a plurality of receiving antennas to obtain interferes processing to obtain the elevation information of observation area, combine the acquired distance of synthetic-aperture radar itself to the radar system of orientation to information realization three-dimensional imaging.See document " radar imagery technology " for details, protects polished, Xing Mengdao, Wang Tong writes, Electronic Industry Press's publication.
Definition 4, single baseline interference synthetic aperture radar and multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar
Line between the interference synthetic aperture radar receiving antenna is called baseline, has only the situation of a baseline to be called single baseline interference synthetic aperture radar, has the situation of two or more baselines to be called multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar.
Definition 5, following sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar
Following sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar (Linear Array 3DSAR) is that the linear array antenna is fixed on the motion platform; In conjunction with the motion of motion platform with synthetic two-dimensional planar array, and the polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system that target area under it is carried out three-dimensional imaging.
Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array technique is a technology of utilizing a plurality of transmitting radar antennas and the synthetic equivalent array radar antenna of a plurality of radar receiving antenna, and detailed content can be with reference to Fishler, E.Haimovich; A.Blum, R.Cimini, R.Chizhik; D.Valenzuela, R. " Performance of MIMO radar systems:advantages of angular diversity ", Signals; Systems and Computers, 2004.
Definition 7, main antenna battle array and auxilliary antenna array
Antenna array is meant that the miniature antenna with emission or receiving radar electromagnetic wave function is installed in formed miniature antenna array on the stationary installation according to certain arrangement mode, can be divided into main antenna battle array and auxilliary antenna array two parts by its importance.See document " radar imagery technology " for details, protects polished, Xing Mengdao, Wang Tong writes, Electronic Industry Press's publication.
The approximate principle of phase center is thought: under far field condition (promptly
/ 4r＜＜, L wherein
TRFor receiving the spacing between array element and the emission array element; R is emission array element and the distance of the centre position that receives array element to scattering point; λ is a signal wavelength), a pair of bay that splits that transmits and receives can be replaced by the equivalent phase center of a transmit-receive sharing that is positioned at their centers.Detailed content can be with reference to BellettiniA; Pinto MA; " Theoretical Accuracy of Synthetic Aperture Sonar Micronavigation Using a Displaced Phase Center Antenna " .IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2002; Vol.27, No.4, pp.780-789.
According to the approximate principle of phase center, under far field condition, a pair of bay that splits that transmits and receives can be replaced by the equivalent phase center of a transmit-receive sharing that is positioned at their centers, and the equivalent phase center of this transmit-receive sharing is virtual array element; All virtual array elements are virtual linear array according to certain position relation arrangement point-blank.Detailed content can be with reference to Ilya Bekkerman and Joseph Tabrikian. " Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars " .IEEE Transactins on signal processing; 2006,54 (10): 3873～3883.
Wave beam forms and is meant the vector weighting technology of utilizing aerial array, makes the technology of a certain direction in space of emission (reception) beam position.See document " auto adapted filtering " second edition for details, Gong Yaohuan writes, the Electronic Industry Press.
The size utilization factor (η) of definition 11, line style MIMO array antenna
The size utilization factor of line style MIMO array antenna equals the length of virtual linear array and the length ratio of real array, representes with η.
Multi-channel gating device is meant the device that can connect (emission) system of reception and specific reception (emission) radar antenna array element according to instruction, and its function is to realize connecting selectively the loop, is device commonly used in the electronic technology.For example: the multichannel automatic switching circuit of realizing with cmos circuit or TTL circuit is one of instance of multi-channel gating device used in the present invention.See document " the multichannel automatic switching circuit is used pre-test " Shijiazhuang University of Economics's journal (Journal of Shijiazhuang University ofEconomics) for details, 1997 03 phases.
The system to observation area emission electromagnetic signal that the present synthetic-aperture radar that is meant the synthetic-aperture radar transmitter adopts mainly comprises modules such as signal generator, frequency mixer, amplifier.
The synthetic-aperture radar receiver is meant the system of the reception observation area echo that present synthetic-aperture radar adopts, and mainly comprises frequency mixer, amplifier, A/D converter, memory device etc.
The construction method of a kind of multi-functional line style array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provided by the invention system, it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: line style MIMO array antenna calculation of parameter
The supporting construction of line style MIMO array antenna is a linear antenna installing plate; Center position with line style MIMO array antenna supporting construction is an initial point; With the right-hand lay is the axis of orientation positive dirction; With d is that basic array element is set up one dimension rectilinear coordinates systems at interval, d=λ/2 wherein, and λ is the carrier wavelength of linear array D S AR system.On the antenna installing plate, lay M main antenna array element and N auxilliary bay altogether, wherein M can be by formula
Obtain, wherein symbol
Rounding operation in the expression, M should be even numbers, if M is an odd number, then do not have physical significance, PRF
AllBe the pulse repetition rate of system, PRF
EffBe the equivalent pulse repetition frequency of virtual array element, wherein the pulse repetition rate PRF of system
AllAnd the equivalent pulse repetition frequency PRF of virtual array element
EffBe the given parameter index of system; N can be by formula
Obtain, wherein symbol " []
Idol" expression gets even computing, L nearby
EqThe length of the virtual linear array that becomes for line style MIMO array antenna is equivalent, η is the size utilization factor of line style MIMO array antenna, L
EqCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein ρ
θBe system angle resolution, get η=0.7.
Need to prove λ and ρ
θIndex for two-dimentional polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system.
Main antenna battle array (main battle array) is two main battle arrays of son about the boundary is divided into the initial point.Wherein the auxilliary bay number between two main battle arrays of son is N
1, N
1Can be by formula
Obtain, η=0.7 wherein, remaining auxilliary bay number is N
2, N
2Can be by formula N
2=N-N
1Obtain.
Step 2: line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array is laid
In the one dimension rectilinear coordinates system that step 1 is set up, the main antenna element number of array M and the auxilliary bay number N that utilize step 1 to calculate exist the 1st array element cloth of main antenna battle array
The place, note is made x
1The 2nd main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
2
……
I main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
i, wherein i is the natural number less than M/2;
M/2 main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2
M/2+1 main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2+1M/2+2 main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2+2
……
M/2+k main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2+k, wherein k is the natural number less than M/2;
M main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M
Promptly accomplish the laying to line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array through aforesaid operations, the position coordinates of each array element of main antenna array is designated as X={x
1, x
2..., x
M.
Step 3: the auxilliary antenna array of line style MIMO array antenna is laid
In the one dimension rectilinear coordinates system that step 1 is set up, the main antenna element number of array M, auxilliary bay number N and the auxilliary element number of array N between two main battle arrays of son that utilize step 1 to calculate
1, the 1st array element cloth of auxilliary antenna array is existed
The place, note is made y
1The 2nd auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
2
……
I auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
i, wherein i is the natural number less than N/2;
N/2 auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2
N/2+1 auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2+1N/2+2 auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2+2
……
N/2+k auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2+k, wherein k is the natural number less than N/2;
N auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N
Promptly accomplish the laying to the auxilliary antenna array of line style MIMO array antenna through aforesaid operations, the position coordinates of auxilliary each array element of aerial array is designated as Y={y
1, y
2..., y
N.
Step 4: system of subject makes up
The system of subject of multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system comprises: line style MIMO array antenna, two transmitters: transmitter A and transmitter B; N+2 platform receiver, two T/R switches, two multi-channel gating devices: multi-channel gating device I and multi-channel gating device II; And motion platform; Wherein line style MIMO array antenna is to be made up of jointly the line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array X of step 2 structure and the auxilliary antenna array Y of line style MIMO array antenna of step 3 structure, and multi-channel gating device I has two input ends, M output terminal, a control end; Multi-channel gating device II has N+2 input end, N+2 output terminal, a control end; Motion platform is the payload platform of radar system; The concrete installation method of system of subject is following:
With line style MIMO array antenna along being parallel to ground and being fixed together perpendicular to the direction and the motion platform of motion platform movement locus;
Two input ends of multi-channel gating device I are linked to each other with transmitter B with transmitter A respectively; Have M-2 port to link to each other with M-2 main antenna array element M/2+1 the main antenna array element except that M/2 successively with in the line style MIMO array antenna main antenna array element through M-2 bar feeder line in the M of the output terminal of the multi-channel gating device I port, 2 output ports of remaining of multi-channel gating device I pass through 2 feeder lines and link to each other with the RF signal input end mouth 5a of two T/R switches respectively; There is N port to link to each other with N auxilliary bay of line style MIMO array antenna successively in the N+2 of the multi-channel gating device II input port through N bar feeder line; 2 input ports of remaining of multi-channel gating device II link to each other with the radiofrequency signal output port 5b of two T/R switches respectively through 2 feeder lines, and the N+2 of the output terminal of a multi-channel gating device II port links to each other with N+2 receiver successively; The antenna RF output end mouth 6 of two T/R switches links to each other with M/2+1 main antenna array element with the M/2 of MIMO array antenna respectively through 2 feeder lines; Thereby constitute a complete emission and receiving system jointly;
The system of subject of promptly having accomplished D S AR system of multi-functional line style front through aforesaid operations makes up.
Step 5: the design of operating modes of system
Multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system is according to bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar (2-D SAR) pattern or bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) pattern or bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar (Multi-baseline InSAR) pattern or sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar (LinearArray3DSAR) pattern work down; The implementation method of above-mentioned various mode of operations is following:
1, step realized below bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I selects the path that links to each other with M/2+1 main antenna array element with the M/2 of line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: M/2 the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the M/2+1 main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: N+1 receiver selected the path that links to each other with M/2 main antenna array element through multi-channel gating device II, and this receiver plays reception T constantly at the transmit τ that delays time of range transmission machine A
rSecond echo, the τ that wherein delays time can be by formula
Obtain, wherein R
MinBe the distance of platform center to observation scene closest approach, R in the reality
MinCan be by formula
The approximate acquisition, wherein θ
MinBe the inward flange of wave beam and the angle of perpendicular line, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, and C is the light velocity, receives period T
rCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide, Δ R is a system works when two-dimentional synthetic-aperture radar mode of operation, the platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and to the difference of the distance in observation scene solstics, Δ R can be by formula in the reality
The approximate acquisition, wherein θ
MaxAngle for wave beam outward flange and perpendicular line;
Step is 5.: N+2 receiver selected the path that links to each other with M/2+1 main antenna array element through multi-channel gating device II, and this receiver plays reception T constantly at the transmit τ that delays time of range transmission machine B
rSecond echo;
2.～5. each pulse repetition time afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps, and stores the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes;
2, step realized below bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I selects M/2 and M/2+1 the path that main antenna array element is relevant with line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: M/2 the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the M/2+1 main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: N/2 selects respectively and N/2 and N/2-k the path that auxilliary bay links to each other through multi-channel gating device II with N/2-k receiver, and these two receivers play reception T constantly at the range transmission machine A time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo, wherein k is the natural number less than N/2, k can be by formula
Obtain, wherein l
SbBe the base length that the single baseline interference synthetic aperture radar of system requires, the τ that wherein delays time can be by formula
Obtain, wherein R
MinBe the distance of platform center to observation scene closest approach, R in the reality
MinCan be by formula
The approximate acquisition, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, C is the light velocity, receives period T
rCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pBe emission
The signal pulse envelope the time wide; Δ R is that system works is when bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation; The platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and the difference of the distance that arrives observation scene solstics, and Δ R can obtain by formula
is approximate in the reality;
Step is 5.: N/2+1 selects respectively and N/2+1 and (N/2+1)+k the path that auxilliary bay links to each other through multi-channel gating device II with (N/2+1)+k receiver, and these two receivers play reception T constantly at the range transmission machine B time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo;
2.～5. each pulse repetition time afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps, and stores the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes;
3, step realized below bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: at first will be by the number n of the given baseline of system, and n is a positive integer; Control multi-channel gating device I selects M/2 and M/2+1 the path that main antenna array element is relevant with line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: M/2 the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the M/2+1 main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: N/2, N/2-k
1, N/2-k
2..., N/2-k
nIndividual receiver is selected respectively and N/2, N/2-k through multi-channel gating device II
1, N/2-k
2..., N/2-k
nThe path that individual auxilliary bay links to each other, this n+1 receiver plays reception T constantly at the range transmission machine A time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo, wherein k
iBe natural number, k
iCan be by formula
Obtain, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein l
iBase length for the given multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar requirement of system; Wherein delaying time τ can be by formula
Obtain, wherein R
MinBe the distance of platform center to observation scene closest approach, R in the reality
MinCan be by formula
The approximate acquisition, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, C is the light velocity, receives period T
rCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide, Δ R be system works when bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation, the platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and to the difference of the distance in observation scene solstics, Δ R can be by formula in the reality
The approximate acquisition;
Step is 5.: N/2+1, (N/2+1)+k
1, (N/2+1)+k
2..., (N/2+1)+k
nIndividual receiver is selected respectively and N/2+1, (N/2+1)+k through multi-channel gating device II
1, (N/2+1)+k
2..., (N/2+1)+k
nThe path that individual auxilliary bay links to each other, this n+1 receiver plays reception T constantly at the range transmission machine B time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo;
2.～5. each pulse repetition time afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps, and stores the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes;
4, step realized below sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation adopted down
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device II, and with the 1st, 2 ..., N receiver behind multi-channel gating device II successively with the 1st, 2 ..., N auxilliary bay links to each other; The back is τ to the time delays that respective receiver begins to receive signal if each transmitter transmits
3D, time-delay τ can be by formula
Obtain, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, and C is the light velocity; If each single receiver in a pulse repetition time from begin to receive echo to the time period that finishes to receive echo be T
3D, time period T
3DCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide; Δ R is that system works is when descending sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation; The Antenna support structure center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and the difference of the distance that arrives observation scene solstics, and Δ R can be by formula
Obtain, wherein Δ θ is the view angle scope of following sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation, and the value of Δ θ is given by the systematic parameter index; With M pulse repetition time be a virtual linear array synthesis cycle, get into first virtual linear array synthesis cycle;
Step is 2.: a virtual linear array synthesis cycle comprises M pulse repetition time;
The 1st pulse repetition time is the slow time; Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 1st path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna; The 1st the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observation scene emission radar signal, the 1st, 2;, N receiver is at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 1st main antenna array element
3DRise constantly and receive T simultaneously
3DSecond echo;
The 2nd pulse repetition time is the slow time; Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 2nd path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna; The 2nd the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observation scene emission radar signal, the 1st, 2;, N receiver is at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 2nd main antenna array element
3DRise constantly and receive T simultaneously
3DSecond echo;
……
M pulse repetition time is the slow time; Control multi-channel gating device I selects M the path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna, M the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observe scene launch radar signal; The 1st, 2 ..., N receiver is at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from M main antenna array element
3DRise constantly and receive T simultaneously
3DSecond echo;
Step is 3.: through just obtaining M * N echoed signal behind the virtual linear array synthesis cycle; That is can Approximate Equivalent go out a virtual linear array of forming by M * N virtual array element; Wherein the virtual element number of array of redundancy is
from M+1 the next virtual linear array synthesis cycle of pulse repetition time entering; With M pulse repetition time serves as that at interval repeating step is 2. circularly; And store the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes.
Need to prove that the basic array element distance d among the present invention can be greater than the 0 any real number less than 2 λ; Main antenna array element also can be the virtual emission array element of utilizing beam-forming technology to become with a plurality of little emission array element equivalences; The size utilization factor η of line style MIMO array antenna can be greater than 0.67 less than any real number of 0.75 when N1＜N/2, works as N
1The size utilization factor η of line style MIMO array antenna can be greater than 0.75 less than any real number of 1 during=N/2, in the main battle array of two sons this moment at a distance of the spacing of farthest two main antenna array elements by L [1-2 (1-η)] decision, wherein L is the total length of real antenna array.
Essence of the present invention is: be primarily aimed at the shake of external " both-end emission " wing two ends that model occurred and more acutely can bring than mistake; Also have simultaneously that double-end feed is long, center of gravity is remote etc. and be inappropriate for problems such as the close battle array of cloth; On the basis of PCA principle, propose a kind of model of linear array comparatively flexibly, promptly " dredge-Mi-dredge-Mi-dredge " molded lines battle array model; And on this model based, made up a kind of multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system, the problem such as the close battle array of cloth that is inappropriate for than mistake and double-end feed is long, center of gravity is remote etc. that overcomes that " both-end emission " bring; Select to realize that through appropriate mode bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar, bilateral list baseline/multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar reach four kinds of mode of operations of sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar down.
Innovative point of the present invention is based on the basis of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array antenna technology; Made up a kind of reasonably antenna model of structuring the formation; Promptly " dredge-Mi-dredge-Mi-dredge " molded lines battle array model; And the construction method of a kind of novel multifunctional linear array D S AR system proposed novelty on this model based; And combine 2-D SAR, interference SAR, multi-baseline interference SAR and following four kinds of different working patterns of sight line array three-dimensional imaging SAR, can between four kinds of patterns, freely switch as required.Switching through CS realizes having multi-operation mode and the higher radar imagery system of performance.
After the invention has the advantages that and adopted " dredging-Mi-dredge-Mi-dredge " molded lines battle array model; Reduced because the error that wing jitter profile unbalanced (referring to that mainly the shake of wing two ends is more violent) is brought; Made full use of system resource simultaneously; Combine multiple SAR mode of operation, practiced thrift cost and improved the combination property of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 line style MIMO array antenna structure synoptic diagram.
Wherein, 1 expression main antenna array element, the auxilliary bay of 2 expressions, 3 expression Antenna support structures, 4 expression supporting construction centers, L representes the total length of solid line battle array.
Fig. 2 T/R switch synoptic diagram.
Wherein, 5a representes the RF signal input end mouth, and 5b representes the radiofrequency signal output port, 6 expression antenna RF output end mouths.
Fig. 3 multi-channel gating device synoptic diagram.
Wherein, figure (3-a) expression multi-channel gating device I has two input ends, M output terminal and a control end; Figure (3-b) expression multi-channel gating device II has N+2 input end, N+2 output terminal and a control end.
Fig. 4 emission and receiving system synoptic diagram.
Wherein, 7A representes " transmitter A ", and 7B representes " transmitter B "; 8-1,8-2,8-3 ... 8-(N+2) representes the 1st, 2,3 respectively ... (N+2) individual receiver, 9 expressions " multi-channel gating device I ", 10 expressions " multi-channel gating device II "; 11 expression feeder lines, 12 expression T/R switches, 13 expression main antenna array elements; The auxilliary bay of 14 expressions, 15 expression Antenna support structures, 16 expression data stream.
Fig. 5 motion platform synoptic diagram.
Wherein, o representes the point of platform center vertical projection to ground, is that initial point is set up three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system with o; Then x representes to cut the direction of flight path; Y representes the direction along flight path, and z representes straight up height to direction, 17 expression line style MIMO array antennas; 18 expression platform motion tracks, 19 expression ground.
Fig. 6 system platform concerns synoptic diagram with the position of observation scene.
Wherein, o representes the point of platform center vertical projection to ground, and H representes the vertical height of platform center to ground, θ
MinThe minimum view angle of expression radar beam, θ
MaxThe maximum view angle of expression radar beam, Δ R representes that the platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and the difference of the distance that arrives observation scene solstics, 20 expression platform centers, 21 expression beam areas, 22 expression ground.
Fig. 7 bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar pattern diagram.
Wherein,
expression main antenna array element; The auxilliary bay of
expression; 23-M/2 representes M/2 main antenna array element, and 23-M/2+1 representes M/2+1 main antenna array element.
Fig. 8 bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar pattern diagram
Wherein,
expression main antenna array element; The auxilliary bay of
expression; 24-M/2 representes M/2 main antenna array element, and 24-M/2+1 representes M/2+1 main antenna array element.
Fig. 9 bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar pattern diagram
Wherein,
expression main antenna array element; The auxilliary bay of
expression; 25-M/2 representes M/2 main antenna array element, and 25-M/2+1 representes M/2+1 main antenna array element.
Sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar mode synoptic diagram under Figure 10
Wherein,
expression main antenna array element; The auxilliary bay of
expression; 26-1 representes the 1st main antenna array element; 26-2 representes the 2nd main antenna array element, and 26-M representes M main antenna array element.
Contrast block diagram between Figure 11 different mode under the one-sided situation
Figure 12 FB(flow block) of the present invention
Embodiment:
At first provide the parameter index of system: motion platform is a unmanned plane; The span 31 (m); The motion platform center is H=10000 (m) to the vertical height on ground during work; Transmitting is linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal, and the carrier wavelength of system is λ=0.02 (m), the time wide T of transmit signal pulse envelope
p=5 (m).The total length of real antenna array is L=30 (m), and the size utilization factor of antenna is η=0.7, cuts the angular resolution of course made good
Giving the base length of order baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation is l
Sb=5 (m), the baseline number of multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation is n=3, the length of each baseline is l
1=2 (m), l
2=3 (m), l
3=5 (m).The pulse repetition rate of system and the view angle of radar beam have different settings to the different working pattern: it is PRF=2000 (Hz) that (1) bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar, double-basis line side are gone alone the pulse repetition rate that relates to synthetic-aperture radar and bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation, the minimum view angle θ of radar beam
Min=30 °, the maximum view angle θ of radar beam
Max=60 °; (2) system's pulse repetition rate of sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation is PRF down
All=10000 (Hz), the equivalent pulse repetition frequency PRF of virtual array element
Eff=200 (Hz), the maximum view angle scope of radar beam is Δ θ=40 °.
Step 1: line style MIMO array antenna calculation of parameter
The supporting construction of line style MIMO array antenna is a linear antenna installing plate, is initial point with the center position of this supporting construction, is the axis of orientation positive dirction with the right-hand lay, sets up one dimension rectilinear coordinates system with d=0.01 (m) at interval for basic array element.On the antenna installing plate, lay altogether
individual main antenna array element and
individual auxilliary bay, wherein
wherein the auxilliary element number of array between two main battle arrays of son be
Step 2: line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array is laid
The 1st array element cloth of main antenna battle array is located at-5.99 (m), and note is made x
1The 2nd main antenna array element cloth is located at-5.97 (m), and note is made x
2
……
I main antenna array element cloth is located at-[550-(2i-1)] * 0.01 (m), and note is made x
i, wherein i is the natural number less than 25;
The 25th main antenna array element cloth is located at-5.51 (m), and note is made x
25
The 26th main antenna array element cloth is located at 5.51 (m), and note is made x
26The 27th main antenna array element cloth is located at 5.53 (m), and note is made x
27
……
25+k main antenna array element cloth is located at [550+ (2k-1)] * 0.01 (m), and note is made x
25+k, wherein k is the natural number less than 25;
The 50th main antenna array element cloth is located at 5.99 (m), and note is made x
50
Promptly accomplish the laying to line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array through aforesaid operations, the array element of main antenna array is comparatively intensive and nearer apart from fuselage, and its position coordinates is designated as:
X＝{x
1，x
2，…，x
50}＝{-5.99，-5.97，…，-5.51，5.51，5.53，…，5.59}
Step 3: the auxilliary antenna array of line style MIMO array antenna is laid
The 1st array element cloth of auxilliary antenna array is located at-15.00 (m), and note is made y
1The 2nd auxilliary bay cloth is located at-14.50 (m), and note is made y
2
……
I auxilliary bay cloth is located at-[1500-(i-1) M] * 0.01 (m), and note is made y
i, wherein i is the natural number less than 23;
……
The 23rd auxilliary bay cloth is located at-4.00 (m), and note is made y
23
The 24th auxilliary bay cloth is located at 4.00 (m), and note is made y
24The 25th auxilliary bay cloth is located at 4.50 (m), and note is made y
25
……
23+k auxilliary bay cloth is located at [400+50 (k-1)] * 0.01 (m), and note is made y
23+k, wherein k is the natural number less than 23;
The 46th auxilliary bay cloth is located at 15.00 (m), and note is made y
50
Promptly accomplish the laying to the auxilliary antenna array of line style MIMO array antenna through aforesaid operations, the array element of auxilliary antenna array is comparatively sparse, and its position coordinates is designated as:
Y＝{y
1，y
2，…，y
46}＝{-15.00，-14.50，…，-4.00，4.00，4.50…，15.00}
Step 4: system of subject makes up
At first be ready to the lower part: line style MIMO array antenna (constituting jointly) by the line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array X of step 2 structure and the auxilliary antenna array Y of line style MIMO array antenna of step 3 structure; Two transmitters; M+2 platform receiver; Two T/R switches, two multi-channel gating devices (multi-channel gating device I and multi-channel gating device II), and by unmanned plane as motion platform.Wherein multi-channel gating device I has two input ends, 50 output terminals, and a control end, multi-channel gating device II have 48 input ends, 48 output terminals, a control end.
The concrete installation: along being parallel to ground and being fixed together perpendicular to direction and the motion platform of movement locus, soon the MIMO array antenna is installed on the wing of unmanned plane with line style MIMO array antenna.
Two input ends of multi-channel gating device I are linked to each other with transmitter B with transmitter A respectively; Have in 50 ports of the output terminal of multi-channel gating device 48 ports through 48 feeder lines successively with line style MIMO array antenna main antenna array element in except that the 25th with the 26th main antenna array element 48 main antenna array elements link to each other, 2 output ports of remaining of multi-channel gating device pass through 2 feeder lines and link to each other with the RF signal input end mouth 5a of two T/R switches respectively; There are 46 ports to link to each other with 46 auxilliary bays of line style MIMO array antenna successively in 48 input ports of multi-channel gating device II through 46 feeder lines; 2 input ports of remaining of multi-channel gating device II link to each other with the radiofrequency signal output port 5b of two T/R switches respectively through 2 feeder lines, and 48 ports of the output terminal of multi-channel gating device II link to each other with 48 receivers successively; The antenna RF output end mouth 6 of two T/R switches links to each other with the 26th main antenna array element with the 25th of MIMO array antenna respectively through 2 feeder lines.Thereby constitute a complete emission and receiving system jointly.
The system of subject of promptly having accomplished D S AR system of multi-functional line style front through aforesaid operations makes up.
Step 5: the realization of system's multi-operation mode
Multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system can realize bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar, bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar, bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar and four kinds of mode of operations of sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar down.Can control system be transformed into corresponding work mode through the mode switch operation.
1, step realized below bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I selects the 25th and the 26th the relevant path of main antenna array element with line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: the 25th the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the 26th main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: the 47th receiver selected and the 25th path that main antenna array element links to each other through multi-channel gating device II, and this receiver is in range transmission machine A τ=7.6313 * 10 of delaying time that transmit
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T
r=5.770 * 10
-5(second) echo;
Step is 5.: the 48th receiver selected and the 26th path that main antenna array element links to each other through multi-channel gating device II, and this receiver is in range transmission machine B τ=7.6313 * 10 of delaying time that transmit
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T
r=5.770 * 10
-5(second) second echo.
2.～5. each afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps pulse repetition time, and the echo data that is received by corresponding memory device, stores receiver, so that carry out the later stage imaging processing, till observation finishes.
2, step realized below bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I select respectively with line style MIMO array antenna the 25th with the 26th path that main antenna array element links to each other, system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: the 25th the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the 26th the main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: the 23rd with the 13rd receiver through multi-channel gating device II select respectively with the 23rd with the 13rd path that auxilliary bay links to each other, these two receivers are in range transmission machine A time-delay τ=7.6313 * 10 that transmit
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T
r=5.770 * 10
-5(second) echo;
Step is 5.: the 24th with 34 receivers through multi-channel gating device II select respectively with the 24th with the 34th path that auxilliary bay links to each other, these two receivers are in range transmission machine B time-delay τ=7.6313 * 10 that transmit
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T
r=5.770 * 10
-5(second) echo.
2.～5. each afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps pulse repetition time, and the echo data that is received by corresponding memory device, stores receiver, so that carry out the later stage imaging processing, till observation finishes.
3, step realized below bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I select respectively with line style MIMO array antenna the 25th with the 26th path that main antenna array element links to each other, system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: the 25th the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the 26th main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: 23rd, 19,17,13 receivers are selected the path that links to each other with the 23rd, 19,17,13 auxilliary bay respectively through multi-channel gating device II, and these 4 receivers are in range transmission machine A time-delay τ=7.6313 * 10 that transmit
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T
r=5.770 * 10
-5(second) echo;
Step is 5.: 24th, 28,30,34 receivers are selected the path that links to each other with the 24th, 28,30,34 auxilliary bay respectively through multi-channel gating device II, and these 4 receivers are in range transmission machine B time-delay τ=7.6313 * 10 that transmit
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T
r=5.770 * 10
-5(second) echo.
2.～5. each afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps pulse repetition time, and the echo data that is received by corresponding memory device, stores receiver, so that carry out the later stage imaging processing, till observation finishes.
4, step realized below sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation adopted down
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device II, and with the 1st, 2 ..., 46 receivers behind multi-channel gating device II successively with the 1st, 2 ..., 46 auxilliary bays link to each other.The back is τ to the time delays that respective receiver begins to receive signal if each transmitter transmits
3D=6.60 * 10
-5(second), establish each single receiver in a pulse repetition time from begin to receive echo to the time period that finishes to receive echo be T
3D=5.63 * 10
-6(second), with 50 pulse repetition times be a virtual linear array synthesis cycle, get into first virtual linear array synthesis cycle.
Step is 2.: a virtual linear array synthesis cycle comprises 50 pulse repetition times.
In the 1st pulse repetition time (slow time); Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 1st path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna; The 1st the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observation scene emission radar signal, the 1st, 2;, 46 receivers are at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 1st main antenna array element
3D=6.60 * 10
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T simultaneously
3D=5.63 * 10
-6(second) second echo.
In the 2nd pulse repetition time (slow time); Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 2nd path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna; The 2nd the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observation scene emission radar signal, the 1st, 2;, 46 receivers are at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 2nd main antenna array element
3D=6.60 * 10
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T simultaneously
3D=5.63 * 10
-6(second) second echo.
……
In the 50th pulse repetition time (slow time); Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 50th path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna, the 50th the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observe scene launch radar signal; The 1st, 2 ..., 46 receivers are at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 50th main antenna array element
3D=6.60 * 10
-5(second) rises constantly and receives T simultaneously
3D=5.63 * 10
-6(second) echo.
Step is 3.: through just can obtaining M * N=2300 echoed signal behind the virtual linear array synthesis cycle, that is can Approximate Equivalent go out a virtual linear array of being made up of 2300 virtual array elements, wherein redundant 200 virtual array elements.From the 51st the next virtual linear array synthesis cycle of pulse repetition time entering; With 50 pulse repetition times serves as that at interval repeating step is 2. circularly; And the echo data that receives by corresponding memory device, stores receiver, so that carry out the later stage imaging processing, till observation finishes.
Can find out through the specific embodiment of the invention; Multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system proposed by the invention based on " dredging-Mi-dredge-Mi-dredge " molded lines battle array model construction; The main antenna array element of the comparatively dense body of disembarking is nearer; Thereby reduce because the error that the pulling of wing two ends more acutely brings, and the feeder line total length descended, center of gravity to fuselage near helping the stable of total system.The utilization factor η ≈ 0.7 of antenna is also comparatively reasonable, has made full use of simultaneously the resource of system again, combines four kinds of SAR mode of operations, has practiced thrift cost and has improved the combination property of system.
Claims (1)
1. the construction method of a multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: line style MIMO array antenna calculation of parameter
The supporting construction of line style MIMO array antenna is a linear antenna installing plate; Center position with line style MIMO array antenna supporting construction is an initial point; With the right-hand lay is the axis of orientation positive dirction; With d is that basic array element is set up one dimension rectilinear coordinates systems at interval, d=λ/2 wherein, and λ is the carrier wavelength of linear array D S AR system; On the antenna installing plate, lay M main antenna array element and N auxilliary bay altogether, wherein M can be by formula
Obtain, wherein symbol
Rounding operation in the expression, M should be even numbers, if M is an odd number, then do not have physical significance, PRF
AllBe the pulse repetition rate of system, PRF
EffBe the equivalent pulse repetition frequency of virtual array element, wherein the pulse repetition rate PRF of system
AllAnd the equivalent pulse repetition frequency PRF of virtual array element
EffBe the given parameter index of system; N can be by formula
Obtain, wherein symbol " []
Idol" expression gets even computing, L nearby
EqThe length of the virtual linear array that becomes for line style MIMO array antenna is equivalent, η is the size utilization factor of line style MIMO array antenna, L
EqCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein ρ
θBe system angle resolution, get η=0.7; Wherein, λ and ρ
θIndex for two-dimentional polarization sensitive synthetic aperture radar system;
Main antenna battle array (main battle array) is two main battle arrays of son about the boundary is divided into the initial point; Wherein the auxilliary bay number between two main battle arrays of son is N
1, N
1Can be by formula
Obtain, η=0.7 wherein, remaining auxilliary bay number is N
2, N
2Can be by formula N
2=N-N
1Obtain;
Step 2: line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array is laid
In the one dimension rectilinear coordinates system that step 1 is set up, the main antenna element number of array M and the auxilliary bay number N that utilize step 1 to calculate exist the 1st array element cloth of main antenna battle array
The place, note is made x
1
The 2nd main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
2
……
I main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
i, wherein i is the natural number less than M/2;
M/2 main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2
M/2+1 main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2+1M/2+2 main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2+2
……
M/2+k main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M/2+k, wherein k is the natural number less than M/2;
M main antenna array element cloth is existed
The place, note is made x
M
Promptly accomplish the laying to line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array through aforesaid operations, the position coordinates of each array element of main antenna array is designated as X={x
1, x
2..., x
M;
Step 3: the auxilliary antenna array of line style MIMO array antenna is laid
In the one dimension rectilinear coordinates system that step 1 is set up, the main antenna element number of array M, auxilliary bay number N and the auxilliary element number of array N between two main battle arrays of son that utilize step 1 to calculate
1, the 1st array element cloth of auxilliary antenna array is existed
The place, note is made y
1The 2nd auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
2
……
I auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
i, wherein i is the natural number less than N/2;
N/2 auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2
N/2+1 auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2+1N/2+2 auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2+2
……
N/2+k auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N/2+k, wherein k is the natural number less than N/2;
N auxilliary bay cloth is existed
The place, note is made y
N
Promptly accomplish the laying to the auxilliary antenna array of line style MIMO array antenna through aforesaid operations, the position coordinates of auxilliary each array element of aerial array is designated as Y={y
1, y
2..., y
N;
Step 4: system of subject makes up
The system of subject of multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system comprises: line style MIMO array antenna, two transmitters: transmitter A and transmitter B; N+2 platform receiver, two T/R switches, two multi-channel gating devices: multi-channel gating device I and multi-channel gating device II; And motion platform; Wherein line style MIMO array antenna is to be made up of jointly the line style MIMO array antenna main antenna battle array X of step 2 structure and the auxilliary antenna array Y of line style MIMO array antenna of step 3 structure, and multi-channel gating device I has two input ends, M output terminal, a control end; Multi-channel gating device II has N+2 input end, N+2 output terminal, a control end; Motion platform is the payload platform of radar system; The concrete installation method of system of subject is following:
With line style MIMO array antenna along being parallel to ground and being fixed together perpendicular to the direction and the motion platform of motion platform movement locus;
Two input ends of multi-channel gating device I are linked to each other with transmitter B with transmitter A respectively; Have M-2 port to link to each other with M-2 main antenna array element M/2+1 the main antenna array element except that M/2 successively with in the line style MIMO array antenna main antenna array element through M-2 bar feeder line in the M of the output terminal of the multi-channel gating device I port, 2 output ports of remaining of multi-channel gating device I pass through 2 feeder lines and link to each other with the RF signal input end mouth 5a of two T/R switches respectively; There is N port to link to each other with N auxilliary bay of line style MIMO array antenna successively in the N+2 of the multi-channel gating device II input port through N bar feeder line; 2 input ports of remaining of multi-channel gating device II link to each other with the radiofrequency signal output port 5b of two T/R switches respectively through 2 feeder lines, and the N+2 of the output terminal of a multi-channel gating device II port links to each other with N+2 receiver successively; The antenna RF output end mouth 6 of two T/R switches links to each other with M/2+1 main antenna array element with the M/2 of MIMO array antenna respectively through 2 feeder lines; Thereby constitute a complete emission and receiving system jointly;
The system of subject of promptly having accomplished D S AR system of multi-functional line style front through aforesaid operations makes up;
Step 5: the design of operating modes of system
Multi-functional line style array three-dimensional SAR system is according to bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar (2-D SAR) pattern or bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) pattern or bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar (Multi-baseline InSAR) pattern or sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar (Linear Array 3DSAR) pattern work down; The implementation method of above-mentioned various mode of operations is following:
1, step realized below bilateral two dimension synthetic-aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I selects the path that links to each other with M/2+1 main antenna array element with the M/2 of line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: M/2 the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the M/2+1 main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: N+1 receiver selected the path that links to each other with M/2 main antenna array element through multi-channel gating device II, and this receiver plays reception T constantly at the transmit τ that delays time of range transmission machine A
rSecond echo, the τ that wherein delays time can be by formula
Obtain, wherein R
MinBe the distance of platform center to observation scene closest approach, R in the reality
MinCan be by formula
The approximate acquisition, wherein θ
MinBe the inward flange of wave beam and the angle of perpendicular line, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, and C is the light velocity, receives period T
rCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide, Δ R is a system works when two-dimentional synthetic-aperture radar mode of operation, the platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and to the difference of the distance in observation scene solstics, Δ R can be by formula in the reality
The approximate acquisition, wherein θ
MaxAngle for wave beam outward flange and perpendicular line;
Step is 5.: N+2 receiver selected the path that links to each other with M/2+1 main antenna array element through multi-channel gating device II, and this receiver plays reception T constantly at the transmit τ that delays time of range transmission machine B
rSecond echo;
2.～5. each pulse repetition time afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps, and stores the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes;
2, step realized below bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device I selects M/2 and M/2+1 the path that main antenna array element is relevant with line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: M/2 the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the M/2+1 main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: N/2 selects respectively and N/2 and N/2-k the path that auxilliary bay links to each other through multi-channel gating device II with N/2-k receiver, and these two receivers play reception T constantly at the range transmission machine A time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo, wherein k is the natural number less than N/2, k can be by formula
Obtain, wherein l
SbBe the base length that the single baseline interference synthetic aperture radar of system requires, the τ that wherein delays time can be by formula
Obtain, wherein R
MinBe the distance of platform center to observation scene closest approach, R in the reality
MinCan be by formula
The approximate acquisition, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, C is the light velocity, receives period T
rCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide, Δ R be system works when bilateral list baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation, the platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and to the difference of the distance in observation scene solstics, Δ R can be by formula in the reality
The approximate acquisition;
Step is 5.: N/2+1 selects respectively and N/2+1 and (N/2+1)+k the path that auxilliary bay links to each other through multi-channel gating device II with (N/2+1)+k receiver, and these two receivers play reception T constantly at the range transmission machine B time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo;
2.～5. each pulse repetition time afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps, and stores the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes;
3, step realized below bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation adopted
Step is 1.: at first will be by the number n of the given baseline of system, and n is a positive integer; Control multi-channel gating device I selects M/2 and M/2+1 the path that main antenna array element is relevant with line style MIMO array antenna respectively, and system starts working, and gets into first pulse repetition time;
Step is 2.: M/2 the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the left;
Step is 3.: after half pulse repetition time of delaying time, the M/2+1 main antenna array element that transmitter B warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I is observed scene emission radar signal to the right;
Step is 4.: N/2, N/2-k
1, N/2-k
2..., N/2-k
nIndividual receiver is selected respectively and N/2, N/2-k through multi-channel gating device II
1, N/2-k
2..., N/2-k
nThe path that individual auxilliary bay links to each other, this n+1 receiver plays reception T constantly at the range transmission machine A time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo, wherein k
iBe natural number, k
iCan be by formula
Obtain, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein l
iBase length for the given multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar requirement of system; Wherein delaying time τ can be by formula
Obtain, wherein R
MinBe the distance of platform center to observation scene closest approach, R in the reality
MinCan be by formula
The approximate acquisition, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, C is the light velocity, receives period T
rCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide, Δ R be system works when bilateral multi-baseline interference synthetic aperture radar mode of operation, the platform center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and to the difference of the distance in observation scene solstics, Δ R can be by formula in the reality
The approximate acquisition;
Step is 5.: N/2+1, (N/2+1)+k
1, (N/2+1)+k
2..., (N/2+1)+k
nIndividual receiver is selected respectively and N/2+1, (N/2+1)+k through multi-channel gating device II
1, (N/2+1)+k
2..., (N/2+1)+k
nThe path that individual auxilliary bay links to each other, this n+1 receiver plays reception T constantly at the range transmission machine B time-delay τ that transmits
rSecond echo;
2.～5. each pulse repetition time afterwards repeats above-mentioned steps, and stores the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes;
4, step realized below sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation adopted down
Step is 1.: control multi-channel gating device II, and with the 1st, 2 ..., N receiver behind multi-channel gating device II successively with the 1st, 2 ..., N auxilliary bay links to each other; The back is τ to the time delays that respective receiver begins to receive signal if each transmitter transmits
3D, time-delay τ can be by formula
Obtain, wherein H is the vertical height of platform center to ground, and C is the light velocity; If each single receiver in a pulse repetition time from begin to receive echo to the time period that finishes to receive echo be T
3D, time period T
3DCan be by formula
Obtain, wherein T
pFor the transmit signal pulse envelope the time wide; Δ R is that system works is when descending sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation; The Antenna support structure center is to the distance of observation scene closest approach and the difference of the distance that arrives observation scene solstics, and Δ R can be by formula
Obtain, wherein Δ θ is the view angle scope of following sight line array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture thunder mode of operation, and the value of Δ θ is given by the systematic parameter index; With M pulse repetition time be a virtual linear array synthesis cycle, get into first virtual linear array synthesis cycle;
Step is 2.: a virtual linear array synthesis cycle comprises M pulse repetition time;
The 1st pulse repetition time is the slow time; Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 1st path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna; The 1st the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observation scene emission radar signal, the 1st, 2;, N receiver is at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 1st main antenna array element
3DRise constantly and receive T simultaneously
3DSecond echo;
The 2nd pulse repetition time is the slow time; Control multi-channel gating device I selects the 2nd path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna; The 2nd the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observation scene emission radar signal, the 1st, 2;, N receiver is at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from the 2nd main antenna array element
3DRise constantly and receive T simultaneously
3DSecond echo;
……
M pulse repetition time is the slow time; Control multi-channel gating device I selects M the path that main antenna array element links to each other with line style MIMO array antenna, M the main antenna array element that transmitter A warp links to each other with multi-channel gating device I under observe scene launch radar signal; The 1st, 2 ..., N receiver is at the time-delay τ that transmits apart from M main antenna array element
3DRise constantly and receive T simultaneously
3DSecond echo;
Step is 3.: through just obtaining M * N echoed signal behind the virtual linear array synthesis cycle; That is can Approximate Equivalent go out a virtual linear array of forming by M * N virtual array element; Wherein the virtual element number of array of redundancy is
from M+1 the next virtual linear array synthesis cycle of pulse repetition time entering; With M pulse repetition time serves as that at interval repeating step is 2. circularly; And store the echo data that receiver receives, till observation finishes.
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| CN102156275B (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-11-14 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Angle measuring method for unmanned plane |
| CN103389497B (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Airborne thinned array antenna downward-looking three-dimensional imaging radar system and imaging method |
| CN102727256B (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-06-18 | 重庆博恩富克医疗设备有限公司 | Dual focusing beam forming method and device based on virtual array elements |
| CN102809746B (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-04-02 | 西北工业大学 | MIMO technology-based high-resolution sector-scanning imaging method |
| CN103135100B (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2015-04-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Moving-target parameter estimation method of common-rail bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) |
| CN103364771B (en) * | 2013-07-14 | 2015-05-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Radar beam forming device based on airspace compression projection and random clock sampling |
| CN104836640B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2018-04-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of unmanned plane formation distributed collaborative communication means |
| CN106199529B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-08-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | The aerial array setting method of minimal redundancy MIMO radar |
| CN106855619B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-11-15 | 北京理工大学 | A method of obtaining the resolution ratio of MIMO imaging radar system all directions |
| IT201800006797A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-12-29 | GROUND-BASED SYNTHETIC OPENING RADAR (GBSAR) WITH MULTIPLE TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION ANTENNAS (MIMO) AND EFFICIENT USE OF THE COMPRESSIVE SENSING (CS) PROCESSING TECHNIQUE. | |
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