CN102521472B - Method for constructing thinned MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) planar array radar antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for constructing a thinned MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) planar array radar antenna, which is on the basis of a phase center approximation principle and combines an MIMO antenna thought. The antenna arrangement optimal design is carried out by adopting the MIMO antenna thought. When all transmitting array elements simultaneously (or in turns) transmit orthogonal signals and receiving array elements simultaneously receive echo signals, a virtual planar array with uniform intervals is subjected to equivalence processing by utilizing the phase center approximation principle. According to the thinned MIMO planar array radar antenna constructed according to the invention, few transmitting antenna array elements and few receiving antenna array elements can be adopted and the equivalent full-array-element arrangement planar antenna array is virtually realized. Compared with the planar array antenna which is the same size as the equivalent virtual planar array and is directly arranged, the thinned MIMO planar array radar antenna constructed according to the method disclosed by the invention has the advantage of greatly reducing the requirement on the number of the array elements.

Description

A kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the Radar Technology field, it has been particularly related to MIMO radar and radar array antenna technical field.

Technical background:

MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology is proposed by Bell Laboratory the earliest, has been widely used at present wireless communication field, has effectively improved wireless coverage and data transmission performance.And the MIMO radar is a kind of New Type Radar system that just proposes the beginning of this century, compares the resource that the MIMO radar has utilized the emission battle array more with traditional radar, by launching many waveforms uncorrelated or that part is relevant, to obtain the waveform diversity gain; Also can arrange by the large array element interval of sending and receiving bay, make emitting electromagnetic wave shine from different perspectives target, thereby obtain space diversity gain.

The document of understanding and having delivered according to the inventor, for example: J.Klare, " Digital Beamforming for a3D MIMO SAR-Improvements through Frequency and Waveform Diversity; " in Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2008.IGARSS2008.IEEE International, 2008, pp.V-17-V-20.There has been at present the people that MIMO array antenna technology is applied in the aspects such as linear-array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radars, shown that the MIMO technology is in the feasibility of radar imagery field application.

Planar array antenna has important application in phased-array radar, can realize multiple goal is followed the tracks of and the navigate missile guidance fast; Can easily realize wave beam forming by changing phase weighting; Utilize planar array to have the space two-dimensional angular resolution, can also realize the three-dimensional radar imaging in conjunction with pulse compression technique.Yet for fear of graing lobe effect and the larger spacescan scope of realization, planar array antenna needs arrange according to full array element, causes the thousands of dual-mode antenna array element of needs and corresponding antenna control module, and cost is extremely expensive.Therefore, the optimal design of planar array antenna reduces its cost, becomes one of key issue that its widespread use needs to be resolved hurrily.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention has been mainly and has solved the problem that planar array antenna needs a large amount of bays, utilizes phase center to be similar to (PCA, Phase Center Approximation) and MIMO technology, has proposed a kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method.Can realize with less emitting antenna array element and receiving antenna array element the planar antenna array that the full array element of Virtual Realization equivalence is arranged according to the sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna that the present invention builds.

Content of the present invention for convenience of description, at first make following term definition:

Definition 1, MIMO radar

The full name of MIMO radar is " MIMO radar " (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar), broadly the MIMO radar is defined as transmitting terminal and receiving end has a plurality of antennas, and the radar of a plurality of uncorrelated or part coherent signal waveforms of transmitting terminal emission.See document D.W. Bliss and K.W.Forsythe for details, " Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and imaging:degrees of freedom and resolution; " in Signals, Systems and Computers, 2003.Conference Record of the Thirty-SeventhAsilomar Conference on, 2003, pp.54-59Vol.1.

Definition 2, orthogonal signal

The covariance of two signals is zero, claims them mutually orthogonal; If it is zero that an average is arranged in two signals, add up so uncorrelated and orthogonal equivalence.See document " the modern digital signal is processed and used " for details, He Zishu etc. write, publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2009.

Definition 3, space diversity

Space diversity be a kind of transmitting terminal or (with) receiving end installs the diversity technique of the antenna of many diverse locations.If the distance of these antenna is enough large, the impact that declined of electromagnetic wave is just separate.See document " present mobile communication " for details, Pang Baomao etc., publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2004.

Definition 4, waveform diversity

Waveform diversity refers to by the various parameters of reasonable design transmitted waveform and the related coefficient between waveform, system performance be maximized.See document " performance evaluation that single base MIMO radar DOA estimates " for details, Yang Wei, Xian Electronics Science and Technology University, 2009.

Definition 5, installation rectangle plane

Rectangle plane being installed being referred to the fixed pan that planar array antenna is mounted, is a rectangle.As shown in Figure 1.

Definition 6, planar array antenna

Planar array antenna refers to that antenna sending and receiving array element all is installed in a fixed pan, and array element is according to rectangle or rounded projections arranged usually.See document " radar handbook (second edition) " for details, Wang Jun etc. translate, the Electronic Industry Press.

The coordinate system of definition 7, installation rectangle plane

The coordinate system of rectangle plane is installed true origin is set the center that rectangle plane is installed, coordinate axis x is parallel with two adjacent edges that rectangle plane is installed respectively with coordinate axis y, sets up coordinate system with right-handed system, as shown in Figure 1.See document " linear algebra and space analytic geometry (second edition) " for details, the work such as Huang Tingzhu, Higher Education Publishing House, 2003.

The definition 8, planar array antenna horizontal and vertical

Laterally referring in the x-direction of planar array antenna; Planar array antenna vertically refer to direction along y.As shown in Figure 1.

Definition 9, planar array antenna beam pattern

The spatial filtering response of planar array antenna is the planar array antenna beam pattern, when array is input as plane wave, and the relation between battle array output (usually only considering output amplitude or power) and plane incident angle.See document " auto adapted filtering---self-adaptive filters in time area and smart antenna " for details, Gong Yaohuan, second edition, Electronic Industry Press, 2003.

Lateral angle resolution and the longitudinal angle resolution of definition 10, planar array antenna

The lateral angle resolution of planar array antenna refers to by the pattern of transmitting antenna center, carries out in the x-direction vertical section, and the 3dB width of section main lobe is used Expression; The longitudinal angle resolution of planar array antenna refers to by the pattern of transmitting antenna center, carries out in the y-direction vertical section, and the 3dB width of section main lobe is used

Expression.See document " auto adapted filtering---self-adaptive filters in time area and smart antenna " for details, Gong Yaohuan, second edition, Electronic Industry Press, 2003.

Definition 11, emitting antenna array element and receiving antenna array element

Emitting antenna array element refers to be arranged on planar array antenna, for the bay of the waveform that transmits, is called for short emission array element, represents with T; Receiving antenna array element refers to be arranged on planar array antenna, is used for receiving the bay of echoed signal, is called for short receiving array element, represents with R.As shown in Figure 1.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 12, emitting antenna array element

Between emitting antenna array element, horizontal spacing refers to the spacing that emitting antenna array element distributes in the x-direction, uses d _xTExpression; Between emitting antenna array element, longitudinal pitch refers to the spacing that emitting antenna array element distributes in the y-direction, uses d _yTExpression.As shown in Figure 1.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 13, receiving antenna array element

Between receiving antenna array element, horizontal spacing refers to the spacing that receiving antenna array element distributes in the x-direction, uses d _xRExpression; Between receiving antenna array element, longitudinal pitch refers to the spacing that receiving antenna array element distributes in the y-direction, uses d _yRExpression.As shown in Figure 1.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 14, sending and receiving bay

Between the sending and receiving bay, horizontal spacing refers to the spacing that adjacent receiving antenna array element and emitting antenna array element distribute in the x-direction, uses d _xTRExpression; Between the sending and receiving bay, longitudinal pitch refers to the spacing that adjacent receiving antenna array element and emitting antenna array element distribute in the y-direction, uses d _yTRExpression.As shown in Figure 1.

Definition 15, approximate (PCA) principle of phase center

The approximate principle of phase center is thought: under far field condition (namely

L wherein _TRFor receiving the spacing between array element and emission array element, r is for emission array element and receive the centre position of array element to the distance of scattering point, λ is signal wavelength), a pair of bay that splits that transmits and receives can be replaced by the displaced phase center of a transmit-receive sharing that is positioned at their centers.Detailed content can be with reference to Bellettini A, Pinto M A, " Theoretical Accuracy of Synthetic Aperture Sonar Micronavigation Using a Displaced Phase Center Antenna " .IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2002; Vol.27, No.4, pp.780-789.

Definition 16, Virtual array, virtual linear array and virtual plane array

Principle approximate according to phase center, under far field condition, a pair of bay that splits that transmits and receives can be replaced by the displaced phase center of a transmit-receive sharing that is positioned at their centers, and the displaced phase center of this transmit-receive sharing is Virtual array; All Virtual arrays are arranged according to certain position relationship and are virtual linear array point-blank; All virtual linear arrays are arranged in a rectangle according to certain position relation and are the virtual plane array.As shown in Figures 2 and 3.Detailed content can be with reference to Ilya Bekkerman and Joseph Tabrikian. " Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars " .IEEE Transactions on signal processing, 2006,54 (10): 3873 ~ 3883.

Lateral length and the longitudinal length of definition 17, virtual plane array

The lateral length of virtual plane array refers to that the virtual plane array along the length that the x axle distributes, uses L _vxExpression; The longitudinal length of virtual plane array refers to that the virtual plane array along the length that the y axle distributes, uses L _vyExpression.As shown in Figure 3.

Horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between definition 18, virtual plane array array element

Horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element refers between virtual plane array array element to use d along the spacing of x axle _vxExpression; Longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element refers between virtual plane array array element to use d along the spacing of y axle _vyExpression.As shown in Figure 3.

Define 19, round up

The mathematical definition that rounds up is

The smallest positive integral that is not less than s is got in expression, and wherein, ∈ is for belonging to symbol,

The set of expression integer, The expression real number set, n represents arbitrary integer, s represents any real number.

Definition 20, upwards get idol

Upwards getting even mathematical definition is

The minimum even number that is not less than s is got in expression, and wherein, ∈ is for belonging to symbol,

The set of expression even number, The expression real number set, n represents any even number, s represents any real number.

Spacing between definition 21, array element

Between array element, spacing comprises horizontal spacing between emission array element, and longitudinal pitch between emission array element receives horizontal spacing between array element, receives longitudinal pitch between array element, longitudinal pitch between horizontal spacing and sending and receiving array element between sending and receiving array element.

The present invention proposes a kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method, the specific implementation step of the method is as follows:

The initialization setting of step 1, antenna correlation parameter

At first, determine the dimensional parameters of virtual plane array.The lateral angle resolution of given planar array antenna

Differentiate with longitudinal angle

Calculate the lateral length L of virtual plane array _vxLength L longitudinally _vyDescribe with mathematical formulae:

With

Wherein the radar signal carrier wavelength lambda is known.

Secondly, determine horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element.Horizontal spacing d between virtual plane array array element _vxExpression, the longitudinal pitch d between virtual plane array array element _vyExpression.Regulation is respectively θ along the maximum field angle of x and scanning in the y-direction _x0And θ _y0, according to the graing lobe formula With Determine d _vxAnd d _vySpan, symbol || the expression computing that takes absolute value.Select With

Can realize along x and in the y-direction scanning field angle from

Arrive

The beam scanning scope.

Again, determine that the array element of virtual plane array is along x to the columns N that arranges _vxWith along y to the array element line number N that arranges _vy:

Symbol wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

At last, determine to build the emission array element number M that the virtual plane array needs _TWith reception array element number N _RDetailed process is as follows:

(1), building array element number is N _vxVirtual linear array: namely determine the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _xTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _xTBe even number, use N _xRThe reception array element number that expression needs is used c _TAnd c _RExpression is laid an emission array element with the reception needed cost of array element (cost refers to the expense of bay, processing and installation) and for known herein, respectively.Choose

Wherein

Idol is upwards got in representative, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

Wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

(2), building array element number is N _vyVirtual linear array: namely determine the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _yTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _yTBe even number; Use N _yRThe reception array element number that expression needs.Choose

So the structure array element number is N _vy* N _vxThe virtual plane array, needed emission array element number M _T=M _xT* M _yT, the reception array element number that needs is N _R=N _xR* N _yR

Step 2, determine spacing between array element

Horizontal spacing d between emission array element _xT: d _xT=2d _vx, d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between emission array element _yT: d _yT=2d _vy, d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element;

Receive horizontal spacing d between array element _xR: d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, M _xTBe N for building array element number _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Receive longitudinal pitch d between array element _yR:

d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, M _yTBe N for building array element number _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Horizontal spacing d between sending and receiving array element _xTR:

d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between sending and receiving array element _yTR:

d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element;

Step 3, definite coordinate system that rectangle plane is installed

The center that rectangle plane is installed is defined as true origin, and the x axle is parallel with installation rectangle plane adjacent two edges respectively with the y axle, sets up the planar coordinate system.As shown in Figure 1.

Step 4, layout receive array element

Receive the total N of array element _RIndividual, each receives the position coordinates of array element and determines according to following formula:

Receive array element horizontal ordinate x _R(i):

I={1,2 ..., N _xR, N _xRBe N for building array element number _vxThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element;

Receive array element ordinate y _R(k):

K={1,2 ..., N _yR, N _yRBe N for building array element number _vyThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element.

Step 5, layout emission array element

The total M of emission array element _TIndividual, be divided into about centrosymmetric four parts of initial point (I, II, III and IV, as shown in Figure 1) in, every part has emission array element

Individual.Determine respectively the position coordinates of every part emission array element:

(1), part i emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part i emission array element _{T_I}(i):

$x_{T\_I}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{xR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}-d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part i emission array element _{T_I}(k):

$y_{T\_I}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{yR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}+d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(2), part ii emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{xR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}+d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{yR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}+d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(3), III partly launches array element

III partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_III}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{xR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}-d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

III partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_III}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{yR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}-d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(4), IV partly launches array element

IV partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_IV}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{xR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}+d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

IV partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_IV}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{yR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}-d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\·\·\·,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element.

Arrange according to the position coordinates that receives element position coordinate and four parts of emission array element, just consisted of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of the present invention.

Need to prove that the present invention arranges mainly for emission array element and the geometry that receives array element carries out array optimization, when all emission array elements whiles (or in turn) emission orthogonal signal, and when receiving array element and receiving echoed signal simultaneously, utilize method equivalence of the present invention to go out to have evenly spaced virtual plane array.

Innovative point of the present invention is in conjunction with the MIMO antenna concept, to have invented a kind of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna building method take the approximate principle of phase center as the basis.

The invention has the advantages that and adopt on the one hand MIMO thought to carry out the antenna optimal design of structuring the formation, when all emission array elements whiles (or in turn) emission orthogonal signal, and when receiving array element and receiving echoed signal simultaneously, utilize the approximate principle of phase center equivalence to go out to have evenly spaced virtual plane array; On the other hand, compare with the onesize planar array antenna of virtual plane array of equivalence with direct laying, method for designing of the present invention has greatly reduced the demand to array element number.

Description of drawings

The sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of Fig. 1 scheme of installation

Wherein, rectangle plane is installed in " 1 " representative; I, II, III and IV represent respectively four groups of emitting antenna array elements of sparse MIMO planar array; " " representative emission array element T, " zero " representative receives array element R; d _xTAnd d _yTHorizontal spacing and the longitudinal pitch between array element launched in expression respectively; d _xRAnd d _yRExpression receives horizontal spacing and the longitudinal pitch between array element respectively; d _xTRAnd d _yTRRepresent respectively horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element; X and y represent respectively to install x axle and the y axle of the coordinate system of rectangle plane; O represents to install the initial point of the coordinate system of rectangle plane.

The virtual linear array schematic diagram of Fig. 2

Wherein, " " representative emission array element T, " zero " representative receives array element R, and " ■ " represents Virtual array.

Fig. 3 virtual plane array schematic diagram

Wherein, d _vxAnd d _vyRepresent respectively horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element; L _vxAnd L _vyThe lateral length and the longitudinal length that represent respectively the virtual plane array; N _vxAnd N _vyThe array element columns and the line number that represent respectively the virtual plane array; " ■ " represents Virtual array, and x and y represent respectively to install x axle and the y axle of the coordinate system of rectangle plane; O represents to install the initial point of the coordinate system of rectangle plane.

Fig. 4 FB(flow block) of the present invention

Embodiment:

The initialization setting of step 1, antenna correlation parameter

At first, determine the dimensional parameters of virtual plane array.The lateral angle resolution of given planar array antenna

Differentiate with longitudinal angle Radar signal carrier wavelength lambda=0.03m.Calculate the lateral length of virtual plane array

Length longitudinally

Secondly, determine horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element.Horizontal spacing d between virtual plane array array element _vxExpression, the longitudinal pitch d between virtual plane array array element _vyExpression.Regulation is respectively along the maximum field angle of x and scanning in the y-direction

With

According to the graing lobe formula $0<d_{\mathrm{vx}}\&le;\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{1+\left|{\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0}\right|}$ With $0<d_{\mathrm{vy}}\&le;\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{1+\left|{\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="y"\; filenames="HDA0000128528380000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}0}\right|}$ Determine d _vxAnd d _vySpan, symbol || the expression computing that takes absolute value.Select d _vx=0.015m and d _vy=0.015m.

Again, determine that the array element of virtual plane array is along x to the columns N that arranges _vxWith along y to the array element line number N that arranges _vy:

Symbol wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

At last, determine to realize the emission array element number M of virtual plane array needs _TWith reception array element number N _R

Detailed process is as follows:

(1), building array element number is N _vxVirtual linear array: namely determine the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _xTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _xTBe even number, use N _xRThe reception array element number that expression needs, get install an emission array element with one to receive array element cost (, cost refers to the expense of bay, processing and installation) herein identical, i.e. c _T=c _RChoose

Wherein

Idol is upwards got in representative, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

Wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression.

(2), building array element number is N _vyVirtual linear array: namely determine the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _yTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _yTBe even number; Use N _yRThe reception array element number that expression needs.Choose

So the structure array element number is N _vy* N _vxThe virtual plane array, needed emission array element number M _T=M _xT* M _yT=36, the reception array element number that needs is N _R=N _xR* N _yR=36.

Step 2, determine spacing between array element

Horizontal spacing d between emission array element _xT: d _xT=2d _vx=0.03m, d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between emission array element _yT: d _yT=2d _vy=0.03m, d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element;

Receive horizontal spacing d between array element _xR:

d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, M _xTBe N for building array element number _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Receive longitudinal pitch d between array element _yR:

d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, M _yTBe N for building array element number _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Horizontal spacing d between sending and receiving array element _xTR:

d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between sending and receiving array element _yTR:

d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element;

Step 3, definite coordinate system that rectangle plane is installed

The center that rectangle plane is installed is defined as true origin, and the x axle is parallel with installation rectangle plane adjacent two edges respectively with the y axle, sets up the planar coordinate system.As shown in Figure 1.

Step 4, layout receive array element

Receive array element and have 36, each receives the position coordinates of array element and determines according to following formula:

Receive array element horizontal ordinate x _R(i):

I={1,2 ..., 6}, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element;

Receive array element ordinate y _R(k):

K={1,2 ..., 6}, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element;

Step 5, layout emission array element

Emission array element has 36, is divided into that (I, II, III and IV, as shown in Figure 1), every part has 9 of array elements of emission about centrosymmetric four parts of initial point.Determine respectively the position coordinates of every part emission array element:

(1), part i emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part i emission array element _{T_I}(i):

$x_{T\_I}\left(i\right)=(i-3)d_{\mathrm{xT}}-\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{xR}}-d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ I={1,2,3}, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part i emission array element _{T_I}(k):

$y_{T\_I}\left(k\right)=(3-k)d_{\mathrm{yT}}-\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{yR}}+d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ K={1,2,3}, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(2), part ii emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(i\right)=(3-i)d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{xR}}+d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ I={1,2,3}, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(k\right)=(3-k)d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{yR}}+d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ K={1,2,3}, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(3), III partly launches array element

III partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_III}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(i\right)=(i-3)d_{\mathrm{xT}}-\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{xR}}-d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ I={1,2,3}, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

III partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_III}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(k\right)=(k-3)d_{\mathrm{yT}}-\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{yR}}-d_{\mathrm{yTR}},k=\left\{\mathrm{1,2,3}\right\},$ d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(4), IV partly launches array element

IV partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_IV}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(i\right)=(3-i)d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{xR}}+d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ I={1,2,3}, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

IV partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_IV}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(k\right)=(k-3)d_{\mathrm{yT}}-\frac{5}{2}{d}_{\mathrm{yR}}-d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ K={1,2,3}, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element.

Arrange according to the position coordinates that receives element position coordinate and four parts of emission array element, just consisted of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna of the present invention, equivalence is the virtual plane array of a 0.54m * 0.54m.

Can find out by the specific embodiment of the invention, directly realize the planar array antenna of a 0.54m * 0.54m, needed bay number is 36 * 36=1296; Realize and pass through sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method of the present invention, only need 36 emission array elements and 36 reception array elements, altogether add up to 72 bays; When arranging an emission array element and arranging that a reception array element cost is identical, cost so required for the present invention is approximately directly to realize

Show that the present invention can reduce the cost of planar array antenna design greatly.

Claims (1)

1. sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna construction method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

The initialization setting of step 1, antenna correlation parameter

At first, determine the dimensional parameters of virtual plane array; The lateral angle resolution of given planar array antenna

Differentiate with longitudinal angle

Calculate the lateral length L of virtual plane array _vxLength L longitudinally _vyDescribe with mathematical formulae:

With

Wherein the radar signal carrier wavelength lambda is known;

Secondly, determine horizontal spacing and longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element; Horizontal spacing d between virtual plane array array element _vxExpression, the longitudinal pitch d between virtual plane array array element _vyExpression; Regulation is respectively θ along the maximum field angle of x and scanning in the y-direction _x0And θ _y0, according to the graing lobe formula

With

Determine d _vxAnd d _vySpan, symbol || the expression computing that takes absolute value; Select With

Can realize along x and in the y-direction scanning field angle from

Arrive

The beam scanning scope;

Again, determine that the array element of virtual plane array is along x to the columns Nvx that arranges with along y to the array element line number N that arranges _vy:

Symbol wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression;

At last, determine to build the emission array element number M that the virtual plane array needs _TWith reception array element number N _RDetailed process is as follows:

(1), building array element number is N _vxVirtual linear array: namely determine the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _xTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _xTBe even number, use N _xRThe reception array element number that expression needs is used c _TAnd c _RExpression is laid an emission array element and is received the needed cost of array element respectively, and cost refers to the expense of bay, processing and installation, and is known; Choose

Wherein

Idol is upwards got in representative, and the minimum even number that is not less than " " is got in expression;

Wherein

Representative rounds up, and the smallest positive integral that is not less than " " is got in expression;

(2), building array element number is N _vyVirtual linear array: namely determine the emission array element number and receive array element number

Use M _yTThe emission array element number that expression needs, and regulation M _yTBe even number; Use N _yRThe reception array element number that expression needs; Choose

So the structure array element number is N _vy* N _vxThe virtual plane array, needed emission array element number M _T=M _xT* M _yT, the reception array element number that needs is N _R=N _xR* N _yR

Step 2, determine spacing between array element

Horizontal spacing d between emission array element _xT: d _xT=2d _vx, d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between emission array element _yT: d _yT=2d _vy, d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element;

Receive horizontal spacing d between array element _xR: d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, M _xTBe N for building array element number _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Receive longitudinal pitch d between array element _yR:

d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, M _yTBe N for building array element number _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array;

Horizontal spacing d between sending and receiving array element _xTR:

d _vxBe the horizontal spacing between virtual plane array array element, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element;

Longitudinal pitch d between sending and receiving array element _yTR:

d _vyBe the longitudinal pitch between virtual plane array array element, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element;

Step 3, definite coordinate system that rectangle plane is installed

The center that rectangle plane is installed is defined as true origin, and the x axle is parallel with installation rectangle plane adjacent two edges respectively with the y axle, sets up the planar coordinate system;

Step 4, layout receive array element

Receive the total N of array element _RIndividual, each receives the position coordinates of array element and determines according to following formula:

Receive array element horizontal ordinate x _R(i): $x_R\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{N_{\mathrm{xR}}+1}{2})d_{\mathrm{xR}},$ I={1,2 ..., N _xR, N _xRBe N for building array element number _vxThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element;

Receive array element ordinate y _R(k): $y_R\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{N_{\mathrm{yR}}+1}{2})d_{\mathrm{yR}},$ K={1,2 ..., N _yR, N _yRBe N for building array element number _vyThe reception array element number that needs of virtual linear array, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element;

Step 5, layout emission array element

The total M of emission array element _TIndividual, be divided into about in centrosymmetric four parts of initial point: I, II, III and IV, every part has emission array element

Individual; Determine respectively the position coordinates of every part emission array element:

(1), part i emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part i emission array element _{T_I}(i):

$x_{T\_I}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{xR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}-d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part i emission array element _{T_I}(k):

$y_{T\_I}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{yR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}+d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(2), part ii emission array element

The horizontal ordinate x of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{xR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}+d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

The ordinate y of part ii emission array element _{T_II}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{II}}\left(k\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}-k)d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{yR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}+d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _xyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(3), III partly launches array element

III partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_III}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(i\right)=(i-\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{xR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}-d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

III partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_III}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{III}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{1-N_{\mathrm{yR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}-d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _xyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

(4), IV partly launches array element

IV partly launches the horizontal ordinate x of array element _{T_IV}(i):

$x_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(i\right)=(\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}-i)d_{\mathrm{xT}}+\left(\frac{N_{\mathrm{xR}}-1}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{xR}}+d_{\mathrm{xTR}},$ $i=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{xT}}}{2}\},$ M _xTAnd N _xRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vxThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _xTBe horizontal spacing between emission array element, d _xRFor receiving horizontal spacing between array element, d _xTRBe horizontal spacing between sending and receiving array element;

IV partly launches the ordinate y of array element _{T_IV}(k):

$y_{T\_\mathrm{IV}}\left(k\right)=(k-\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2})d_{\mathrm{yT}}+\left(\frac{{1-N}_{\mathrm{yR}}}{2}\right)d_{\mathrm{yR}}-d_{\mathrm{yTR}},$ $k=\{\mathrm{1,2},\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,\frac{M_{\mathrm{yT}}}{2}\},$ M _yTAnd N _yRBeing respectively and building array element number is N _vyThe emission array element number that needs of virtual linear array and receive array element number, d _yTBe longitudinal pitch between emission array element, d _yRFor receiving longitudinal pitch between array element, d _yTRBe longitudinal pitch between sending and receiving array element;

Arrange according to the position coordinates that receives element position coordinate and four parts of emission array element, consist of sparse MIMO planar array radar antanna.

Images