CN101551457A - A construction method of forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system - Google Patents
A construction method of forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, which takes advantage that: the antenna phase centre control precision of the single stimulation linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar is high; the forward looking synthetic aperture radar system can acquire the ahead topographical information; the method causes the beam of the single stimulation linear array three-dimensional SAR to irradiate in a forward looking manner by using the mode of combining the single stimulation linear array three-dimensional SAR system and forward looking SAR system, then processes the received echo data by back-projection algorithm of the standard in real time to acquire the three-dimensional imaging result of ahead surveying area; the method can acquire the information of the three-dimensional topographical ahead the aircraft in advance and at real time; the invention provides a new method for the precise guide, and navigation, approaching and landing and blind landing of the aircraft.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of radar, and particularly relates to the technical field of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging.
Background art:
synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a high-resolution microwave imaging system that relies on relative motion between the radar and the target to form a synthetic array to obtain high lateral resolution, and utilizes large bandwidth signals to achieve high longitudinal resolution, while three-dimensional SAR is based on conventional SAR lateral and longitudinal dimensions with the addition of a tangential lateral dimension, which also relies on relative motion between the radar and the target to obtain tangential lateral resolution. The three-dimensional imaging is an important characteristic that the three-dimensional SAR is different from other remote sensing imaging systems, and has irreplaceable effects in the aspects of topographic mapping, environmental detection, disaster forecast and the like due to the characteristics of all weather, all-day time, long distance and the like during mapping.
The appearance of the forward looking SAR expands the application range of the SAR, the German space navigation bureau (DLR) is excellent at present, the German space navigation bureau (DLR) proposes a novel airborne forward looking synthetic aperture radar system for medium/high resolution imaging of a sector area right in front of a flight path in 1999, "a novel area imaging radar (SIREV) for visual enhancement", the theoretical research of the SIREV, a forward looking imaging algorithm, computer simulation and prototype development are completed at present, and flight tests are carried out on an E-SAR airborne test platform of the DLR. This system is systematically analyzed and described in the relevant literature. However, the forward-looking SAR can only obtain a two-dimensional SAR image, and three-dimensional information of the terrain cannot be obtained.
The foresight three-dimensional SAR combines the advantages of the three-dimensional SAR and the foresight SAR, has the functions of the three-dimensional SAR, and can also realize navigation and blind landing of an aircraft because the beam is foresight irradiation and can acquire topographic information in advance and in real time, so the foresight three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar has wide application prospect.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defect that the existing synthetic aperture radar system (SAR system for short) cannot acquire front three-dimensional terrain information in real time, and provides a construction method of a foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system (SAR system). The system adopts a linear array system single-array element excitation mode, beam forward-looking irradiation can be carried out, three-dimensional terrain information in front of the aircraft can be obtained in advance and in real time, and a new method is provided for accurate guidance, navigation of the aircraft, approach landing and blind landing.
For the convenience of describing the present invention, the following terms are first defined:
definitions 1, linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar
The linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar is a synthetic aperture radar system which fixes a linear array antenna on a motion platform, combines the motion of the motion platform to synthesize a two-dimensional plane array and performs three-dimensional imaging.
Definition 2, Single excitation mode
In a flight aperture, for a linear array antenna fixed on a moving platform, at each slow time N, N is 1 … … N, a control switch is used to open a specific certain array element in the linear array antenna to transmit signals or receive echoes. The details can be found in the literature: "APC track design for one-active' linear array 3-D imaging SAR", Shi Jun et al
Definition 3, beam Forward View
The beam forward angle of view refers to an acute angle between the center of the synthetic aperture radar beam and the flight speed direction of the aircraft, and generally, the aircraft flies along a straight line, so the beam angle can be regarded as an angle between the center of the radar beam and the straight line along the flight path. When the forward visual angle of the wave beam is 0-20 degrees, the large strabismus is called, and the small strabismus is called when the forward visual angle of the wave beam is 20-90 degrees.
Definition 4, three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar theoretical resolution
The three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar theoretical resolution is the maximum resolution which can be achieved by the three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar determined according to the three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system parameters, including the transmission signal bandwidth, the synthetic aperture length and the linear array antenna length. See the literature "synthetic aperture radar imaging-algorithm and implementation", Frank h.
The back projection algorithm is a synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm based on the matched filtering principle. The details can be found in the literature: "Research on A novel fast back project algorithm for strip map bi-static SAR imaging", Huang Yulin, etc
The phase center track of the transmitting/receiving antenna is a track formed by the positions of array elements of the transmitting/receiving antenna opened by the forward looking linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar in different pulse repetition periods and can be regarded as random variables obeying certain distribution;
definition 7 synthetic aperture radar transmitter
The synthetic aperture radar transmitter is a system for transmitting electromagnetic signals to an observation area adopted by the existing synthetic aperture radar, and mainly comprises a signal generator, a frequency mixer, an amplifier and other modules
Definition 8, synthetic aperture radar receiver
The synthetic aperture radar receiver is a system for receiving echoes in an observation area adopted by the existing synthetic aperture radar, and mainly comprises a mixer, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a storage device and the like.
The flight aperture of the two-station linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system refers to the distance traveled from the time when a transmitting beam and a receiving beam are irradiated together to the time when any one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is not irradiated to the time when the center of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam is not irradiated to the time when a scattering point in a mapping scene is irradiated together.
The slow time of the two-station linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system refers to the time required for the transceiving platform to fly through a flight aperture, and the radar has a certain repetition period TrTransmitting a received pulse, the slow time can be expressed as a discretized time variable ts＝nTrN is 1L N, N is a discrete number of slow times in a flight aperture, TrIs a repetition period.
The invention provides a construction method of a forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: transmission system and reception system construction
The transmitting system and the receiving system include: the system comprises a transmitter, a receiver, a T/R change-over switch, a feed element control switch, M feeder lines and M linear array feed elements; m is a natural number, the size of M is determined by the size of pulse repetition frequency of a foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system in a flight aperture, and M is v multiplied by Na/L, wherein v is the speed of a flight platform, Na is the number of sampling points of the synthetic aperture radar in the azimuth direction, and L is the length of a linear array antenna; the transmitter and the receiver are connected with the control switch by a T/R change-over switch, one side of the T/R change-over switch is connected with the control switch, and the other side is respectively connected with the transmitter and the receiver, as shown in figure 1; the control switch is connected with the M linear array feed elements through the M feed lines to form a linear array antenna, as shown in figure 2; the length L of the linear array antenna is determined by the resolution required by the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, wherein L is lambda/rho, lambda is the carrier frequency of the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, and rho is the system resolution; the transmitter and the receiver share one linear array antenna, and a T/R switch is used for controlling the transmitter and the receiver to work in different time periods, namely, a single excitation working mode is adopted.
Step 2: determination of single excitation linear array antenna phase center track
For slow time N, N is 1 … … N, N is a positive integer, when N is 1, the control switch opens any linear array feed element M in the linear array antenna according to the triangular periodic function1，M1Is the mark of any one of M linear array feed elements, and marks the linear array feed element mark M working when the slow time n is equal to 11；
When n is 2, the control switch opens one linear array feed element M in the linear array antenna2，M2≠M1Recording linear array feed element mark M working when slow time n is 22；
When n is 3, the switch is controlled to open one linear array feed element M in the linear array antenna3，M3≠M2≠M1Recording linear array feed element mark M working when slow time n is 33；
……；
And so on, when N equals to N, the control switch opens one linear array feed element M equals to M in the linear array antennaN，M1，M2，M3，…，MNDifferent, recording the line array feed element mark M working when the slow time N is equal to NN(ii) a Thus, the corresponding relation between the slow time and the linear array feed element mark working corresponding to the slow time is obtained, namely the linear array antenna phase center track, and the random variable formed by the linear array antenna phase center track is obeyed to be uniformAnd (4) distribution.
And step 3: transmit/receive platform construction
The forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system transmitting/receiving platform is characterized in that the linear array transmitting system/receiving system in the step 1 is arranged on a moving platform, the arrangement direction of feed elements in a linear array antenna is vertical to the moving direction of the moving platform, and the moving platform is at constant vector speed
Initial flying height of moving platform is Ht0(ii) a As shown in fig. 3;
and 4, step 4: transmission system and reception system synchronization
In the process of three-dimensional imaging of the front line-of-sight array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar, a T/R switch is switched at a fixed delay time tau after an emission system emits electromagnetic signals, and a receiving system is enabled to receive scene echoes to achieve time synchronization of the emission system and the receiving system, wherein the fixed delay time tau is determined by a distance R from an observation area to a linear array antenna, tau is 0.8 multiplied by 2R/C, and C is the speed of light.
And 5: single excitation transmitting/receiving platform work of forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system
Enabling the linear array transmitter and the receiver to continuously transmit electromagnetic wave signals and receive echo signals to a surveying and mapping scene according to the antenna phase center track constructed in the step 2 through a T/R (time to arrival) change-over switch, wherein the forward-looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system adopts a single excitation working mode, namely only one feed element works at each slow time, and the transmitter and the receiver can only work through one feed element at the slow time; the receiver obtains echo signals of n surveying and mapping scenes in n slow time, and the echo signals are acquired data of the forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system.
Through the steps, the construction of the foresight linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system can be completed, and the flow chart of the invention is shown in figure 6.
It should be noted that, in the following description,
by adopting the existing standard back projection algorithm, the three-dimensional scattering coefficient reconstruction of the observation area can be realized by utilizing the data acquired in the step 4 of the forward looking linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system;
the control switch in step 2 opens any one linear array feed element in the linear array antenna according to the triangular periodic function, the control switch can also open any one linear array feed element in the linear array antenna according to the Gaussian function and the parabolic function, and the distribution obeyed by the finally obtained antenna phase center motion track can be triangular periodic function distribution, Gaussian function distribution, parabolic function distribution and the like, so that the effectiveness of the foresight linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar system constructed by the invention is not influenced.
The system has the innovation points that the system utilizes the synthetic aperture radar principle, combines the high control precision of the phase center of the single-excitation linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar antenna and the high control precision of the existing forward looking synthetic aperture radar system, can acquire forward topographic information in advance, realizes the real-time acquisition of the three-dimensional information of forward surveying and mapping terrain, and can realize the navigation and the blind landing of an aircraft.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: the invention utilizes the synthetic aperture radar principle, combines the characteristics of high control precision of a single-excitation linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar antenna phase center and capability of acquiring forward topographic information in advance by a forward-looking synthetic aperture radar system, so that a mode of combining the single-excitation linear array three-dimensional SAR system and the forward-looking SAR system is adopted, and the wave beam of the single-excitation linear array three-dimensional SAR is irradiated in a forward view mode. Then, the received echo data are processed in real time by adopting a standard back projection algorithm (namely, a three-dimensional BP algorithm), and finally, a three-dimensional imaging result of a front surveying and mapping area can be obtained.
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system provided by the invention is mainly provided aiming at the defect that the existing synthetic aperture radar cannot acquire the front three-dimensional terrain information in real time, the system combines the advantages that the antenna phase center control precision of the single-excitation linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar is high and the foresight synthetic aperture radar system can acquire the front terrain information in advance, the three-dimensional terrain information in front of an aircraft can be acquired in advance and in real time by a linear array system single-array element excitation mode and beam foresight irradiation, and a new method is provided for accurate guidance and navigation, approach landing and blind landing of the aircraft.
The invention has the advantages that the characteristic of combining the single-excitation linear array three-dimensional SAR and the forward-looking SAR is adopted, the forward-looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar imaging with small data processing capacity is realized by utilizing lower hardware cost, the three-dimensional imaging of a surveying and mapping area in front of an aircraft is realized, and the three-dimensional terrain information in front of the aircraft can be obtained in advance and in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transmitting system/receiving system according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a linear array antenna structure of a transmitter/receiver of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a geometrical structure diagram of the forward-looking linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar adopted by the invention
Wherein,
is the velocity vector of the aircraft, θfIs the front viewing angle; x, Y, Z is a three-dimensional coordinate system;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the imaging results of a three-dimensional point target according to an embodiment of the present invention
The abscissa is the track cutting direction, the ordinate is the track following direction, the vertical coordinate is the height direction, and 1 is three-dimensional point target imaging.
FIG. 5 is a table of parameters used in simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the present invention
Detailed Description
The feasibility of the system model is verified mainly by adopting a simulation experiment method, and all steps and conclusions are verified to be correct on VC + +, MATLAB 7.0. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: linear array transmit/receive system construction
The linear array transmitter/receiver on the forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system motion platform comprises the following parts: the system block diagram is shown in figure 1, the transmitter, the receiver and the control switch are connected through the T/R change-over switch, the transmitter and the receiver are respectively connected with the control switch and the receiver which are connected with the T/R change-over switch, the control switch is connected with the 800 linear array feed elements through the 800 feed lines, and the length of the linear array is 20. Within a flight aperture, a T/R switch controls the switching between the transmitter and receiver, the control switch controls the position of the feed that is open for each slow time n, n being 1L N, and only one feed is open for each slow time n. The linear array feed element has an azimuth beam width of
i is 1L 1000, and the horizontal beam width is
In radians, i is 1L 1000.
Step 2: construction of single excitation array antenna phase center track
Because the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar adopts a single excitation working mode, at each slow time N, N is 1 … … N, a control switch is utilized to select any one feed element in a single excitation array antenna according to a triangular periodic function to transmit and receive signals, and the position of each open feed element is recorded, so that the positions of all working feed elements form a track at all slow times, and the track is defined as the track of the antenna phase center of the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar.
And step 3: transmit/receive motion platform construction
The forward-looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system transmitting/receiving motion platform is characterized in that the linear array transmitter/receiver in the step 1 is arranged on a motion platform, the linear array antenna arrangement direction is placed along the motion direction vertical to the transmitting platform, the motion platform moves at a constant vector speed [01000], and the initial flying height of the motion platform is 1000 m.
And (3) enabling the linear array transmitter and the receiver to continuously transmit electromagnetic wave signals and receive echo signals to the surveying and mapping scene according to the constructed antenna phase center track in the step (2) through the T/R change-over switch.
The flight geometry structure of the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar is shown in figure 3.
The system parameters adopted in the present embodiment are detailed in fig. 5, and finally, the simulation imaging is performed on the mapping points, and the obtained 3D imaging is shown in fig. 4.
Through simulation and test of the specific implementation mode of the invention, the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system provided by the invention can realize foresight linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar imaging, and compared with the existing three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, the invention overcomes the defects of the existing system, obtains the three-dimensional terrain information in front of the aircraft in advance, and provides a new method for precise guidance and navigation, approach landing and blind landing of the aircraft.
Claims (2)
1. A construction method of a forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: single excitation transmitting system and receiving system construction
The transmitting system and the receiving system include: the system comprises a transmitter, a receiver, a T/R change-over switch, a feed element control switch, M feeder lines and M linear array feed elements; m is a natural number, the size of M is determined by the size of pulse repetition frequency of a foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system in a flight aperture, and M is v multiplied by Na/L, wherein v is the speed of a flight platform, Na is the number of sampling points of the synthetic aperture radar in the azimuth direction, and L is the length of a linear array antenna; the transmitter and the receiver are connected with the control switch by a T/R change-over switch, one side of the T/R change-over switch is connected with the control switch, the other side of the T/R change-over switch is respectively connected with the transmitter and the receiver, the control switch is connected with M linear array feed elements by M feeder lines to form a linear array antenna, the length L of the linear array antenna is determined by the resolution ratio required by the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, L is lambda/rho, wherein lambda is the carrier frequency of the foresight linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system, and rho is the system resolution ratio; the transmitter and the receiver share a linear array antenna, and a T/R change-over switch is used for controlling the transmitter and the receiver to work at different time intervals, namely, a single excitation working mode is adopted;
step 2: determination of phase center trajectory for single-excitation antenna
For slow time N, N is 1. N is a positive integer, and when N is 1, the control switch opens any linear array feed element M in the linear array antenna according to a triangular periodic function1，M1Is the mark of any one of M linear array feed elements, and marks the linear array feed element mark M working when the slow time n is equal to 11；
When n is 2, the control switch opens one linear array feed element M in the linear array antenna2，M2≠M1Recording linear array feed element mark M working when slow time n is 12；
When n is 3, the switch is controlled to open one linear array feed element M in the linear array antenna3，M3≠M2≠M1Recording linear array feed element mark M working when slow time n is 12；
……；
And so on, when N equals to N, the control switch opens one linear array feed element M equals to MN, M in the linear array antenna1，M2，M3，…，MNDifferent, recording the line array feed element mark M working when the slow time N is equal to NN(ii) a Thus, the corresponding relation between the slow time and the linear array feed element mark working corresponding to the slow time is obtained, namely the phase center track of the linear array antenna, and the phase of the linear array antennaRandom variables formed by the central track are subjected to uniform distribution;
and step 3: transmit/receive platform construction
The forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system transmitting/receiving platform is characterized in that the linear array transmitting system/receiving system in the step 1 is arranged on a moving platform, the arrangement direction of feed elements in a linear array antenna is vertical to the moving direction of the moving platform, and the moving platform is at constant vector speed
Initial flying height of moving platform is Ht0；
And 4, step 4: transmission system and reception system synchronization
In the process of three-dimensional imaging of the front line-of-sight array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radar, a T/R switch is switched at a fixed delay time tau after an emission system emits electromagnetic signals, and a receiving system is enabled to receive scene echoes to achieve time synchronization of the emission system and the receiving system, wherein the fixed delay time tau is determined by the distance R from an observation area to a linear array antenna, tau is 0.8 multiplied by 2R/C, and C is the speed of light;
and 5: single excitation transmitting/receiving platform work of forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system
Enabling the linear array transmitter and the receiver to continuously transmit electromagnetic wave signals and receive echo signals to a surveying and mapping scene according to the antenna phase center track constructed in the step 2 through a T/R (time to arrival) change-over switch, wherein the forward-looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system adopts a single excitation working mode, namely only one feed element works at each slow time, and the transmitter and the receiver can only work through one feed element at the slow time; the receiver obtains echo signals of n surveying and mapping scenes in n slow time, and the echo signals are acquired data of the forward looking linear array three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar system.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said control switch in step 2 opens any one of the linear array feed elements in the linear array antenna according to a triangular periodic function, said triangular periodic function is replaced by a gaussian function or a parabolic function, and the distribution obeyed by the antenna phase center motion trajectory obtained after replacement is gaussian function distribution or parabolic function distribution.
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