CN101696913B - Small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing multistage and master control loading - Google Patents
Small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing multistage and master control loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN101696913B CN101696913B CN2009101979329A CN200910197932A CN101696913B CN 101696913 B CN101696913 B CN 101696913B CN 2009101979329 A CN2009101979329 A CN 2009101979329A CN 200910197932 A CN200910197932 A CN 200910197932A CN 101696913 B CN101696913 B CN 101696913B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing multistage and master control loading, comprising a loading inside casing realizing direct applying and load transferring, a reaction frame outline border providing test reaction support and a bolt machinery meshed jacking and high-sensitivity pull pressure sensor measurement cooperating combined loading device, wherein the reaction frame outline border and the loading inside casing are connected by the loading device to form an integral box system; the loading inside casing employs an iterative structure of a wood board and a steel board; steel balls and self-locking screws are distributed on the wood board; a square well-shaped steel tube in the reaction frame outline border is pressed on an organic glass cover board; a bottom loaded plate is arranged on the bottom of the whole system; a bolt and a high-strength nut in the loading device are in cooperative installation; and one end of the bolt is embedded into the high-sensitivity pull pressure sensor. Due to adopting the structure, the invention solves the technical problems that the prior jack can not realize small-range and high-precision side loading and meanwhile improves the problem of loading abrasion of the loading inside casing, thereby increasing the operability and the measurement precision of tests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the test unit field, relate to the layer during similar model test of Tunnel and Underground Architectural Engineering, especially the soil body and tunnel structure interaction and the soil body make a variation to the model investigation of problems such as tunnel structure stressing influence under the consideration plane strain condition.
Background technology
Layer during similar model test is at home and abroad extensively paid attention to as a kind of important technical to tunnel and hypogee structure stress problem analysis research always and is used whether good science, reliability and the practicality that will directly influence the model test result of the design and fabrication of model test apparatus system.Chinese scholars all has long-term, deep carrying out to the research of model test method and the design studies of model test apparatus, but also less relatively for the horizontal model test apparatus systematic research of two dimensional surface achievement at present, mainly concentrate in the research and design application of vertical areal model box system.Because the theoretical foundation of layer during similar model test has determined various physical dimensions to dwindle by rule is a certain proportion of, causing extraneous load application to concern in proportion according to similarity theory reduces, this requires charger must be able to realize that the load smallest number loads step by step, in addition, measure for the ease of test, model adopts the horizontal model casing system in plane, and loading need provide side direction to load.According to special load mode, specific requirement such as level load and high sensitivity automatic control in a small amount, need existing traditional lifting jack is screened, existing traditional hand-hydraulic lifting jack can not side direction load, traditional screw machine lifting jack range is excessive, sensitivity is low, traditional separate type hydraulic jack range is excessive, the control difficulty is big, therefore, need the new model test apparatus system of independent studies invention, realize the medium and small range of conventional model test, multistage, master control value-added tax function, simultaneously, can realize in the horizontal model system in plane that side direction loads.
In addition, in theoretical model, suppose perfect condition, i.e. not friction between the model component system.In the realistic model test, frictional influence between the component of a system surface of contact is inevitable, particularly friction easily takes place consuming with load laxly transmitting by the loading plate mode in the load, how handles by technological means that to make friction be reduced to minimum degree as much as possible also be to need a technical matters solving.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical matters that in model test, runs into, the invention provides the horizontal areal model pilot system in a kind of tunnel, can realize planar side to little range, multistage, master control load mode, can reduce frictional influence as much as possible simultaneously.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of realization is multistage, master control loads the horizontal areal model pilot system of small-range tunnel, comprise that realization directly applies and transmits the loading inside casing of load, reaction frame housing and the jacking of bolt mechanical engagement of testing the counter-force support is provided and cooperates the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor to measure the combination charger, the reaction frame housing connects into whole box system with the loading inside casing by charger.
Further, load steel ball and self-locking screw nail that inside casing comprises that plank, steel plate, antifriction are handled, load inside casing and adopt plank and steel plate iterative structure, steel ball and self-locking screw nail are arranged on the plank; The reaction frame housing comprises shaped steel, organic glass cover plate, groined type square steel tube and bottom loading plate, and the groined type square steel tube is pressed on the organic glass cover plate, and the bottom loading plate is positioned at the total system bottom; Charger comprise loading bolt, high sensitivity tension-compression sensor, loading effect nut, self-locking action nut and anti-in move the effect nut, bolt and loading effect nut, self-locking action nut and anti-in move the effect nut and cooperate and install, an end of bolt embeds the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor.
Described inside casing plank left and right end portions is processed into the tenon shape.
Described inside casing plank upper and lower end parts is embedded with the self-locking screw nail and is embedded with steel ball.
The material that described shaped steel adopts is a channel-section steel.
All employing activity connections between described each member are as Bolt Connection.
Can adopt space pressure sensor or pressure transducer or displacement meter to realize heap(ed) capacity observing and controlling system.
Realize little range at plane low boy cabinet side direction, multistage, the technical matters of master control value-added tax function, the present invention adopts simple and traditional meticulous pitch bolt, the high strength nut combination provides load by gear mechanism engagement jacking, and simultaneously an end of bolt is embedded the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor, survey monitoring bolt jacking load application value in real time by sensor, implementation model loads little range, multistage, master control function, the present invention can also be according to the compression performance of the different soil bodys, the displacement situation that is produced by the load application loading plate is measured the load size, and compares correction with load that sensor records.In addition, model loads among the inside casing A and has arranged that model space pressure transducer can obtain the load size of practical function in structure, analyzes the bang path and the coverage of outside load application.
System friction problem at the model test apparatus member, the present invention has adopted two kinds of technological means respectively, apply the contact end friction in the process and stop problem mutually at the displacement load for loading plate, employing is processed into tenon pattern in Chinese traditional timber structural techniques with loading plate, but interlock but do not contact and eliminate the left and right end portions frictional influence each other; Under poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, bottom loading plate pressure, produce friction for loading plate, employing is imbedded the self-locking screw nail and is embedded steel ball in the boring of loading plate upper and lower end parts, the sliding friction of loading plate end is reduced to the steel ball rolling friction, realizes that the friction force between the member reduces elimination.
In order to make model test casing assemble and disassemble immediately, member all adopts the bolt splicing, and the model equipment dismounting is convenient, quick, laborsaving, but and being repeatedly used of the processing of implementation model device, reorganization.
The various structure bearing capacity of described model test apparatus, deformation characteristic, physical dimension and member select all by correlation theory calculate, the numerical analysis means design affirmation, thereby make that structural design is reliable more, economy, science.
The present invention has the following advantages it owing to adopted above technical scheme:
1. change traditional lifting jack and can't realize little range, multistage, master control loading problem, feasible test is carried out accurately, and whole charger building block principle is simple, operation is simple and easy, the modelling expense is more economical, simultaneously, can effectively solve the technical matterss such as loading inefficacy that traditional lifting jack stroke causes inadequately by changing loading bolt length;
2. effectively reduced the friction between each member of model test system, making test load in the measurement can ignore frictional influence substantially, makes test findings more accurate, energy-conservation, is convenient to test findings is analyzed and studied;
3. adopt bolt to connect each member of test unit, make the small and exquisite practicality of model equipment of the present invention, mounting or dismounting are fast convenient, and it is little that the space is taken up an area of in test, and can adapt to the model test of different size;
4. whole model test apparatus has characteristics such as economic performance is good, device effective performance height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 realizes that for the present invention is a kind of multistage, master control loads the top plan view of the embodiment of small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing;
Fig. 2 is the side schematic view that realization shown in Figure 1 is multistage, master control loads small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing;
Fig. 3 is the top plan view that model shown in Figure 1 loads inside casing A;
Fig. 4 is the side schematic view that model shown in Figure 3 loads inside casing A;
Fig. 5 is that model shown in Figure 3 loads inside casing plank 1 end tongue-and-groove connection diagram;
Fig. 6 is model steel ball shown in Figure 3-self-tapping screw nail antifriction synoptic diagram
Fig. 7 is the top plan view that the test reaction frame housing B that counter-force supports is provided shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 8 is the side schematic view that the test reaction frame housing B that counter-force supports is provided shown in Figure 7;
Fig. 9 is for bolt mechanical engagement shown in Figure 1 jacking and cooperate the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor to measure the top plan view of combination charger C;
Figure 10 is for bolt mechanical engagement shown in Figure 9 jacking and cooperate the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor to measure the side schematic view of combination charger C;
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1-2, be general structure top plan view of the present invention and overall elevational schematic view, comprise that realization directly applies and transmits the model loading inside casing A of load, test reaction frame housing B and the jacking of bolt mechanical engagement that counter-force supports is provided and cooperates the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor to measure combination charger C.
Wherein load steel ball 4, self-locking screw nail 3 that inside casing A has comprised plank 1, steel plate 2 and adopted antifriction to handle, reaction frame housing B has comprised shaped steel 5, organic glass cover plate 6, groined type square steel tube 7, bottom loading plate 8, and charger C has comprised loading bolt 9, high strength loading effect nut 10, self-locking action nut 11, moved effect nut 12, pressure transducer 13 in anti-.
(1) load inside casing A:
Shown in Fig. 3-6, be the structural representation of loading inside casing A integral body of the present invention and partial structurtes thereof.Load inside casing A four limits and have the same configuration structure, primary structure is by constituting near the plank 1 of box inside and near the steel plate 2 outside the casing, adopt bolt to connect between the two, when steel plate 2 middle parts are also welded a lag bolt and are convenient to integral assembling and charger C link into an integrated entity; On the spherical slotted eye of plank 1 vertical direction top and bottom excavation some, arrange steel ball 4; Deckle board respectively was drilled with a spacing hole by four angle ends at plank 1 in four limits loaded before test, thereby and inserted spacing latch to bottom loading plate 8 and limit four changing of the relative positions 4 between the plank 1.
As shown in Figure 5, in order to reduce in the loading procedure to load the frictional dissipation that produces between inside casing and other members, adopted in the processing of two ends, inside casing plank left and right sides tenon and handled, make mutual interlock in loading procedure between the adjacent plank, but do not stop mutually, reduced the frictional influence of left and right end portions.
As shown in Figure 6, in order to reduce the friction that loading plate produces under poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 6, bottom loading plate 8 pressure, self-locking screw nail 3, steel ball 4 combinations have been adopted in the plank upper and lower end parts, imbed the self-locking screw nail and embed steel ball in the boring of loading plate upper and lower end parts, the adjusting self-locking screw is followed closely 3 insertion depths makes steel ball on a surface level, realize that integrated carrying plank and all the other structures produce rolling friction rather than sliding friction, effectively reduce the frictional influence between the member.
(2) reaction frame housing B:
Shown in Fig. 7-8, be the structural representation of reaction frame housing B of the present invention.Reaction frame housing B comprises two parts counter-force support system: wherein a part provides the counter-force support of vertical protuberance stress, form by organic glass cover plate 6, groined type square steel tube 7, bottom loading plate 8, organic glass cover plate 6 directly contacts with model test material (soil body or tunnel model structure), groined type square steel tube 7 is pressed on the organic glass cover plate 6, and bottom loading plate 8 supports whole cast materials and box weight and transmits weight on ground; Another part counter-force supports and is provided by shaped steel 5, and four limit shaped steel have the same structure structure, and the material of employing is a channel-section steel.Connection between each member of reaction frame adopts bolt to connect.
In experimentation, as charger C the time to inside casing A load application, as inside casing A the time to cast material (soil body or tunnel structure) load application, cast material produces a uplift forces that makes progress on vertical direction, then need to provide the counter-force support at top to make unlikely the going up of cast material swell, at this moment, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 6 plays the effect of the counter-force of bearing the vertical protuberance of the model soil body.Simultaneously, as a pair of interaction force, have with in the middle of the masterpiece of the identical size of the suffered load of inside casing A is used in shaped steel among the reaction frame housing C, shaped steel 5 plays the effect of bearing counter-force.
(3) charger C:
Shown in Fig. 9-10, structural representation for charger C of the present invention, charger C connects into a whole box system with reaction frame housing B and loading inside casing A, charger C adopts sensor 13 to move 12 combinations of effect nut with high strength loading bolt 9, loading effect nut 10, self-locking action nut 11 with in preventing and provides load by gear mechanism engagement jacking, end with bolt 9 embeds high sensitivity tension-compression sensor 11 simultaneously, survey monitoring bolt jacking load application value in real time by sensor, implementation model loads little range, multistage, master control function.
Load nut 10 by rotation, utilize the bolt jacking to apply top power forward, when load is applied to predetermine level, will loads nut 11 and follow up to nut 10, form and load locking device.
In the process that loads, rotate nut mark angle and survey the read transducer reading by machine tool, realize little range, multi-stage loading function owing to produce mechanical top power by the free of discontinuities screw-threaded engagement between nut and the bolt, realize the trial load master control function simultaneously.
All adopt bolt to connect among the present invention between the model test apparatus member, the small and exquisite practicality of model, dismounting is convenient laborsaving fast.Between groined type square steel tube 7 and the shaped steel 5, between the shaped steel 5, also all adopt bolt 14 assembly units between bottom loading plate 8 and the shaped steel 5, thereby make apparatus of the present invention easy accessibility, rapid, and can save the test site, increase work efficiency and practicality.
In addition, loading inside casing four limit structure constructions are all identical, and housing reaction frame four limit structure constructions are also identical, square framework in being with in the outer square framework, and two framework size dimensions are unrestricted, can adapt to the model investigation under any size and the size.The length that only need regulate loading bolt among the charger C can accomplish to connect the interior mount structure and the frame structure of two different sizes, to satisfy various experiment conditions.
Further, can realize heap(ed) capacity observing and controlling system by following three kinds of approach, guarantee that the loading scheme of testing according to predetermined carries out, improve the degree of accuracy and the operability of test: (1) places the test model and the soil body in pilot system loads inside casing A, lay the pressure transducer measuring point simultaneously, can measure the inner space actual pressure by model space pressure transducer and distribute.Thereby can analyze the bang path and the coverage of outside load application.(2) pressure transducer 11 among the charger C, by being connected of pressure transducer and data acquisition system (DAS), when bolt is implemented the jacking load, sensor is stressed and will be subjected to force signal to be converted into electrical signal transfer in data collecting instrument, while data collecting instrument and computer software change into the mechanics parameter signal again with electric signal jointly and are shown in the computer, thereby the survey that realizes heap(ed) capacity is read and Real Time Control Function.(3), measure the displacement situation that the load application loading plate is produced by near the displacement meter that is arranged in the loading plate point of load application, and then measure the load size according to the compression performance of the different soil bodys.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is can understand and use the utility model for ease of those skilled in the art.The person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the utility model is not limited to the foregoing description, and those skilled in the art should be within protection domain of the present utility model for improvement and modification that the utility model is made according to announcement of the present utility model.
Claims (4)
1. multistage, the master control of a realization loads the horizontal areal model pilot system of small-range tunnel, it is characterized in that: comprise that also realization directly applies and transmits the loading inside casing of load, reaction frame housing and the jacking of bolt mechanical engagement of testing the counter-force support is provided and cooperates the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor to measure the combination charger, the reaction frame housing connects into whole box system with the loading inside casing by charger;
Described loading inside casing comprises steel ball and the self-locking screw nail that plank, steel plate, antifriction are handled, and loads inside casing and adopts plank and steel plate iterative structure, and steel ball and self-locking screw nail are arranged on the plank; The reaction frame housing comprises shaped steel, organic glass cover plate, groined type square steel tube and bottom loading plate, and the groined type square steel tube is pressed on the organic glass cover plate, and the bottom loading plate is positioned at the total system bottom; Charger comprise loading bolt, high sensitivity tension-compression sensor, loading effect nut, self-locking action nut and anti-in move the effect nut, bolt and loading effect nut, self-locking action nut and anti-in move the effect nut and cooperate and install, an end of bolt embeds the high sensitivity tension-compression sensor.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plank left and right end portions is the tenon shape.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described plank upper and lower end parts is embedded with described self-locking screw nail, and is embedded with described steel ball.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the material that described shaped steel adopts is a channel-section steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101979329A CN101696913B (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing multistage and master control loading |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101979329A CN101696913B (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing multistage and master control loading |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101696913A CN101696913A (en) | 2010-04-21 |
| CN101696913B true CN101696913B (en) | 2011-09-14 |
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| CN2009101979329A Expired - Fee Related CN101696913B (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Small-range tunnel horizontal plane model tester system for realizing multistage and master control loading |
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| CN102589913A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-07-18 | 西南交通大学 | Horizontal tunnel lining model test platform modularization loading machine frame |
| CN102636297B (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2013-08-07 | 合肥工业大学 | Three-dimensional force sensor |
| CN103063461B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-01-06 | 武汉理工大学 | Rock burst model test apparatus |
| CN103758800B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-12-02 | 北京交通大学 | The control system of multi-hydraulic-cylinder tunnels mimic experiment porch |
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| CN108507765A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-09-07 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of universal reaction frame for loading and its assembly method |
| CN109115530B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-06-30 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | System for transparent display and quantitative characterization of stress field of tunnel lining structure |
| CN109342151B (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2023-10-10 | 福州大学 | Horizontal tunnel model test device and test method for eliminating bottom friction |
| CN113917108B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2024-03-12 | 三峡大学 | Model test device for simulating high-steep slope excavation unloading and displacement monitoring method |
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2009
- 2009-10-30 CN CN2009101979329A patent/CN101696913B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101696913A (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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