CN101693830A - Low-cost water-based clean fracturing fluid and gel breaking fluid used for fracturing - Google Patents

Low-cost water-based clean fracturing fluid and gel breaking fluid used for fracturing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101693830A
CN101693830A CN 200910208522 CN200910208522A CN101693830A CN 101693830 A CN101693830 A CN 101693830A CN 200910208522 CN200910208522 CN 200910208522 CN 200910208522 A CN200910208522 A CN 200910208522A CN 101693830 A CN101693830 A CN 101693830A
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sodium salt
concentration
fracturing
fracturing fluid
cats product
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CN 200910208522
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CN101693830B (en
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李曙光
孙斌
刘川庆
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China United Coalbed Methane Corp Ltd
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China United Coalbed Methane Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a low-cost water-based clean fracturing fluid and a gel breaking fluid used for fracturing. The fracturing fluid is formed by a small canonic antiswelling agent, organic sodium salt, a cationic surface active agent and water, wherein the concentration of the small canonic antiswelling agent is 0.4 percent by mass, the concentration of the organic sodium salt is 0.06 to 0.18 percent by mass, the concentration of the cationic surface active agent is 0.2 to 0.6 percent by mass, the mass ratio of the cationic surface active agent and the organic sodium salt is 1:0.3, the organic sodium salt is sodium salicylate, and the cationic surface active agent is any one or the mixture of 16-18 alkyl-3-methylammonium chloride. The invention can well solve the pollution problem of the fracturing fluid to the coal bed, simultaneously improve the sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid greatly, the price thereof is only 1.5 to 2.0 times of active water fracturing fluid and is far lower than that of guargum fracturing fluid and common clean fracturing fluid.

Description

Pressure break low-cost water-based clean fracturing liquid and breaking glue solution
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil and gas reservoir, coalbed methane reservoir transformation treatment agent, be specifically related to a kind of oil gas well, coal bed gas well pressure break with low injury, high prop-carrying capacity, water-based clean fracturing liquid and breaking glue solution cheaply.
Background technology
Coal is that a kind of Young's modulus is low, Poisson's ratio is high, hardness is low, breakable unconventional reservoir, it is made up of matrix and crack two portions, coal-seam gas mainly is attached on the internal surface of matrix micropores crack, coal seam with adsorbed state, and fissure system is only the principal passage of coal seam fluid (G﹠W) migration.The fissure system in coal seam is subjected to the influence of several factors, and connectedness is poor, rate of permeation is low is the fatal defective of coal seam reservoirs, therefore needs fracturing reform to improve the flow conductivity in coal seam, if conventional coal-seam gas straight well is not difficult to obtain production capacity by fracturing reform.
Because coalbed methane reservoir has characteristics such as low hole, hypotonic, vulnerable to pollution, so need reduce the pollution of fracturing liquid during pressure break to the coal seam as far as possible.Because the low input of coal-bed gas exploitation exploitation, low output, just require fracturing liquid must low, the easy enforcement of cost, injury is little, it is good to take the grittiness energy, could in the coal-seam gas pressure break, be promoted on a large scale.
Though the active water fracturing liquid that uses is little to the coal seam injury at present, it takes grittiness can be relatively poor; Though guanidine gum fracturing fluid is taken grittiness can be good, it is to the injury height of reservoir; Though and the clean fracturing fluid that generally uses in the oil-gas field fracturing has low injury, takes grittiness and can wait characteristics well, its cost height is at 1000 yuan/m 3More than, these all can't satisfy the needs of coal bed gas well pressure break.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, its purpose is to provide a kind of pressure break low-cost water-based clean fracturing liquid, this pressure break can be good at solving the pollution problem of fracturing liquid to the coal seam with the low-cost water-based clean fracturing liquid, improved simultaneously the of the fracturing fluid grittiness energy of taking greatly, its price only is the of the fracturing fluid 1.5-2.0 of active water times, far below guanidine gum fracturing fluid and common clean fracturing fluid.Cost is low, injury is little because it has, take characteristics such as sand is good, is easier to promote in the coalbed methane reservoir pressure break.
In the coal bed gas well pressure break, fracturing liquid contacts the permeability reduction that causes with the coal seam, generally be that blocked and liquid adsorption is caused by the hugger of matrix of coal, the hydration swelling in coal seam and the reaction of other adverse chemical also are the reasons that causes reservoir permeability to reduce in addition.But to stop up and to be adsorbed as the master, require therefore that fracturing liquid has less absorption property not form filter cake, residue and main additive, small molecules (molecular weight control is in 400) is characteristics from the main component analysis of injury.For avoiding the shortcoming of active water fracturing liquid prop-carrying capacity difference, novel fracturing liquid must have certain viscosity, to improve the fracturing liquid prop-carrying capacity.
Can satisfy no filter cake, low residue, micromolecularly have the fracturing liquid host of necessarily taking sand viscosity simultaneously, must rely on tensio-active agent to realize.Tensio-active agent has oleophylic, hydrophilic amphipathic, and molecule has unsymmetrical structure, and molecular formula is as follows:
After it was water-soluble, hydrophilic group was subjected to the attraction of water molecules, and hydrophobic group (oleophilic group) is subjected to the repulsion of water molecules.In order to overcome this unsteady state, will take unique aligning, and form certain weave construction (the simple micella of Fig. 1 a), mainly present vermiculate glues form linearly, its length can reach more than the 1000nm; When surfactant concentrations increased, vermiculate glues was more tiny and show intermeshing state (Fig. 1 b vermiform glue); After adding organic salt, organic gegenion has obviously influenced table live agent vermiculate glues and entanglement state thereof, and flocs unit structure (Fig. 1 c lytropic liquid crystals) appears in system, promptly cause freezing colloidal and form, thereby improve liquid take the grittiness energy.The electron microscope photo scanning of tensio-active agent sees that the electron microscope photo scanning of Fig. 2, tensio-active agent+salt system sees Fig. 3.
The present invention prepares (concentration described in this specification sheets and % are mass percent) as follows:
A: the small cation expansion-resisting agent of 0.4 mass parts, organic sodium salt of 0.06 mass parts are joined in the water of 99.34 mass parts, be stirred to dissolving fully, the cats product that adds 0.2 mass parts again, be stirred to evenly, formation has the bright glue of clarification of certain viscosity, promptly makes a kind of coal bed gas well pressure break with low injury, high prop-carrying capacity, water-based clean fracturing liquid cheaply.It is that the fracturing liquid prescription is: the organic sodium salt of 0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent+0.06%+0.2% cats product, the concentration that is small cation expansion-resisting agent in the water-based clean fracturing liquid is 0.4%, the concentration of organic sodium salt is 0.06%, the concentration of cats product is 0.2%, fracturing liquid that can be volume required according to above-mentioned formulated during field conduct.
B: can be according to the pressure break needs, the cats product in the method A fracturing liquid prescription and the concentration of organic sodium salt are amplified in proportion, guarantee cats product: organic sodium salt=1: 0.3 (mass ratio), the maximum concentration of cats product can increase to 0.6%, the concentration of corresponding organic sodium salt is 0.18%, promptly prescription is: the organic sodium salt in 0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent+0.06~0.18%+0.2~0.6% cats product, the concentration that is small cation expansion-resisting agent in the water-based clean fracturing liquid is 0.4%, the concentration of organic sodium salt is 0.06~0.18%, and the concentration of cats product is 0.2~0.6%.The concentration of cats product and organic sodium salt is high more in the prescription, and the of the fracturing fluid grittiness of being allotted of taking can be good more.
The clean fracturing fluid of joining according to the prescription among method A, the method B mainly is used as the sand-carrying agent that carries propping agent, also can make the spearhead of seam as pressure break in earlier stage.
C: the volume of breaking glue solution need be determined according to the volume that pressure break adds propping agent.In cats product: the ratio (mass ratio) of nonionogenic tenside=1: 0.2 takes by weighing nonionogenic tenside, the nonionogenic tenside that takes by weighing is joined in the water with the propping agent equal volume of using in actual field, form the solution of clear, promptly make the breaking glue solution of clean fracturing fluid.Breaking glue solution as makes clean fracturing fluid break glue, reduces its viscosity, the auxiliary liq of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) rate after the raising pressure break, must prepare separately, accumulating, must not load in mixture, be mixed with clean fracturing fluid.
Organic sodium salt of the present invention is preferably sodium salicylate.Described cats product is preferably the mixture of any or they in 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate.Described nonionogenic tenside is preferably the octyl phenol Soxylat A 25-7, more preferably octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (being called for short OP-10).Described small cation expansion-resisting agent be any or they in 10~15-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate mixture, with Repone K, the composite mixture of ammonium chloride, its main component is the mixture of any or they in 10~15-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate, accounts for 80~90 quality % of small cation expansion-resisting agent total mass.
Characteristics of the present invention are: use 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate to coagulate agent, select for use sodium salicylate as of the fracturing fluid linking agent as of the fracturing fluid master, both are used, compare with conventional clean fracturing fluid, their tackify effect is more obvious, glue connection degree is higher, only need lower concentration just can make the fracturing liquid of being allotted reach higher concentration, thereby saved of the fracturing fluid cost.
Through indoor a large amount of experiments, produce, test in place low-cost clean fracturing fluid, this fracturing liquid has following characteristics:
1, broken glue is thorough rapidly, and no residue is little to reservoir damage, a little more than the active water fracturing liquid;
2, taking grittiness can be good, and the prop-carrying capacity of 0.2% concentration formula is that active water is of the fracturing fluid more than 10 times;
3, the construction frictional resistance is low, and the frictional resistance of 0.2% concentration formula is an active water of the fracturing fluid 40%;
4, cost is low, is the of the fracturing fluid 1.5-2.0 of active water times;
5, nontoxic free from environmental pollution, lower to field requirement, convenient, the labor strength reduction of constructing uses technology simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a represents simple micella; Fig. 1 b represents vermiform glue; Fig. 1 c represents lytropic liquid crystals.
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of tensio-active agent.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of " tensio-active agent+salt " system.
Embodiment
Following concentration is mass percent, and ratio is a mass ratio.
Embodiment 1
With 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate (promptly adopting the mixture of any or they in 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate), sodium salicylate, small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is 12-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate) is prepared by following concentration: 0.2%16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate+0.06% sodium salicylate+0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is 12-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate), the concentration that is 16~18 alkyl in the fracturing liquid-3-ammonio methacrylate is 0.2%, the concentration of sodium salicylate is 0.06%, the concentration of small cation expansion-resisting agent is 0.4%, be stirred to evenly, form the bright clean fracturing fluid of clarification with certain viscosity.
In 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate: the ratio of octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (being called for short OP-10)=1: 0.2 takes by weighing octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (being called for short OP-10), octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether that takes by weighing is joined in the water of the propping agent equal volume of using with actual field, form the gel breaker of clear.Press the order of spearhead, sand-carrying agent, displacing liquid, gel breaker during pressure break and inject, spearhead, sand-carrying agent, displacing liquid all use low-cost clean fracturing fluid, at 6.5m 3Under the discharge capacity of/min, average sand ratio can reach 20%.
Embodiment 2
Prescription by 0.3%16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate (promptly adopting one of 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate)+0.09% sodium salicylate+0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is 12-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate) is allotted clean fracturing fluid.
The preparation of gel breaker and injection order cooperate the active water fracturing liquid to use with embodiment 1 during pressure break, promptly spearhead uses active water fracturing liquid, sand-carrying agent to use clean fracturing fluid, at 6.5m 3Under the discharge capacity of/min, high sand ratio can reach more than 50%, and average sand is than more than 20%.
Embodiment 3
Prescription by 0.4-0.6%16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate (promptly adopting one of 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate)+0.12-0.18% sodium salicylate+0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is 12-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate) is allotted clean fracturing fluid, wherein guarantees 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate: sodium salicylate=1: 0.3 (mass ratio).
The preparation of gel breaker and injection order cooperate the active water fracturing liquid to use with embodiment 1 during pressure break, promptly spearhead uses active water fracturing liquid, sand-carrying agent to use clean fracturing fluid, at 4.5m 3Under the discharge capacity of/min, average sand ratio can reach 25%.
Low-cost clean fracturing fluid have frictional resistance low, make sew it up, leak-off is few, take grittiness can strong, broken glue thoroughly, press after easy characteristics such as the row of returning.Through experiment, small cation expansion-resisting agent wherein changes 10 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate into or one of 11 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate or 13~15 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate all can reach above-mentioned effect.
Embodiment 4
In the coal bed gas well crush test,, construction pressure break height long-pending little because of the real well scene, the active water fracturing liquid that water tank can store only enough adds 30m 3Propping agent, the low-cost clean fracturing fluid that uses embodiment 2 preparations cooperate the active water fracturing liquid as spearhead, at 6.5m as sand-carrying agent 3Under the discharge capacity of/min, finished 48.99m 3The sand amount that adds, high sand ratio reaches 51.94%, average sand is than 20.3%.Press the back discharge opeing smooth, see gas during discharge opeing, the igniting sustained combustion, respond well.
Embodiment 5
In the coal bed gas well crush test, use active water fracturing liquid pressure break twice, sand plug twice, twice total adds sand 5m 3The clean fracturing fluid of using embodiment 2 preparations instead is as sand-carrying agent, at operation pressure, the 4.5m of 44MPa 3Under the discharge capacity of/min, add propping agent 37.4m 3, finish construction smoothly.Press the back discharge opeing smooth, see gas during discharge opeing, the igniting sustained combustion, respond well.
In addition, the embodiment that the invention is not restricted to narrate previously can carry out various distortion without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and implement.

Claims (8)

1. pressure break low-cost water-based clean fracturing liquid is characterized in that:
This fracturing liquid is made of small cation expansion-resisting agent, organic sodium salt, cats product and water, the concentration of small cation expansion-resisting agent is 0.4 quality % in the fracturing liquid, the concentration of organic sodium salt is 0.06~0.18 quality %, the concentration of cats product is 0.2~0.6 quality %, employed cats product: the mass ratio of organic sodium salt=1: 0.3, described organic sodium salt is a sodium salicylate, and described cats product is the mixture of any or they in 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate.
2. fracturing liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described small cation expansion-resisting agent be any or they in 10~15-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate mixture, with Repone K, the composite mixture of ammonium chloride, any in 10~15-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate or their mixture account for 80~90 quality % of small cation expansion-resisting agent total mass.
3. one kind prepares of the fracturing fluid method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the steps:
(1) the small cation expansion-resisting agent of 0.4 mass parts, organic sodium salt of 0.06~0.18 mass parts are added in the water of 99.34~98.82 mass parts, be stirred to dissolving fully, form the solution of clear;
(2) in step (1) gained solution, add 0.2~0.6 mass parts cats product, be stirred to evenly, formation has the bright glue of clarification of certain viscosity, it is the water-based clean fracturing liquid, the concentration of small cation expansion-resisting agent is 0.4 quality % in the fracturing liquid, the concentration of organic sodium salt is 0.06~0.18 quality %, and the concentration of cats product is 0.2~0.6 quality %;
Wherein, described organic sodium salt is a sodium salicylate, and described cats product is the mixture of any or they in 16~18 alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate, employed cats product: the mass ratio of organic sodium salt=1: 0.3.
4. the of the fracturing fluid method of preparation according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described small cation expansion-resisting agent be any or they in 10~15-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate mixture, with Repone K, the composite mixture of ammonium chloride, any in 10~15-alkyl-3-ammonio methacrylate or their mixture account for 80~90 quality % of small cation expansion-resisting agent total mass.
5. breaking glue solution that cooperates fracturing liquid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 to use is characterized in that:
This breaking glue solution comprises nonionogenic tenside and water, described nonionogenic tenside: the mass ratio of the cats product in the fracturing liquid that is used=0.2: 1, the aqueous volume of institute is identical with used propping agent, the volume of breaking glue solution need determine that described nonionogenic tenside is the octyl phenol Soxylat A 25-7 according to the volume that pressure break adds propping agent.
6. breaking glue solution according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Described nonionogenic tenside is octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (a 10) ether.
7. method for preparing as claim 5 or 6 described breaking glue solutions is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the steps: to take by weighing nonionogenic tenside, joins in the water with used propping agent equal volume, forms the solution of clear, promptly makes the breaking glue solution that is used with clean fracturing fluid; Wherein, described nonionogenic tenside is the octyl phenol Soxylat A 25-7, employed nonionogenic tenside: the mass ratio of the cats product in the fracturing liquid that is used=0.2: 1, the volume of breaking glue solution need be determined according to the volume that pressure break adds propping agent.
8. the method for preparing breaking glue solution according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described nonionogenic tenside is octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (a 10) ether.
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CN102155209A (en) * 2011-01-21 2011-08-17 中国石油大学(北京) Method for fracturing stratum by acidity viscoelastic fluid
CN102852503A (en) * 2012-06-04 2013-01-02 北京九尊能源技术股份有限公司 Low-temperature coal-layer fracturing fluid composite gel breaking process
CN103468237A (en) * 2013-06-13 2013-12-25 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 Clean fracturing fluid and preparation method thereof
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CN102155209A (en) * 2011-01-21 2011-08-17 中国石油大学(北京) Method for fracturing stratum by acidity viscoelastic fluid
CN102852503A (en) * 2012-06-04 2013-01-02 北京九尊能源技术股份有限公司 Low-temperature coal-layer fracturing fluid composite gel breaking process
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CN104046337A (en) * 2014-06-18 2014-09-17 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 Clean drilling fluid used for coal bed gas multi-branch horizontal well storage layer and preparation method of clean drilling fluid
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CN108467721A (en) * 2018-02-26 2018-08-31 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 A kind of high temperature clean fracturing fluid and its preparation method and application
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CN111876141A (en) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-03 山东科技大学 Clean fracturing fluid, preparation method and application of clean fracturing fluid in coal seam water injection

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