CN101693830B - Low-cost water-based clean fracturing fluid and gel breaking fluid used for fracturing - Google Patents
Low-cost water-based clean fracturing fluid and gel breaking fluid used for fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693830B CN101693830B CN200910208522XA CN200910208522A CN101693830B CN 101693830 B CN101693830 B CN 101693830B CN 200910208522X A CN200910208522X A CN 200910208522XA CN 200910208522 A CN200910208522 A CN 200910208522A CN 101693830 B CN101693830 B CN 101693830B
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Abstract
The invention provides a water-based clean fracturing fluid for fracturing. The fracturing fluid is formed by a small canonic antiswelling agent, organic sodium salt, a cationic surface active agent and water, wherein the concentration of the small canonic antiswelling agent is 0.4 percent by mass, the concentration of the organic sodium salt is 0.06 to 0.18 percent by mass, the concentration of the cationic surface active agent is 0.2 to 0.6 percent by mass, the mass ratio of the cationic surface active agent and the organic sodium salt is 1:0.3, the organic sodium salt is sodium salicylate, and the cationic surface active agent is any one or the mixture of 16-18 alkyl-3-methylammonium chloride. The invention can well solve the pollution problem of the fracturing fluid to the coal bed, simultaneously improve the sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid greatly, the price thereof is only 1.5 to 2.0 times of active water fracturing fluid and is far lower than that of guargum fracturing fluid and common clean fracturing fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil and gas reservoir, coalbed methane reservoir transformation treatment agent, be specifically related to the water-based clean fracturing liquid of a kind of Oil/gas Well, the low injury of coal bed gas well pressure break, high prop-carrying capacity.
Background technology
Coal is that a kind of Young's modulus is low, Poisson's ratio is high, hardness is low, breakable unconventional reservoir, it is comprised of matrix and crack two portions, coal-seam gas mainly is attached on the internal surface of matrix micropores crack, coal seam with adsorbed state, and fissure system is only the principal passage of coal seam fluid (G﹠W) migration.The fissure system in coal seam is subjected to the impact of several factors, and it is the fatal defective of coal seam reservoirs that poor connectivity, rate of permeation are hanged down, and therefore needs fracturing reform to improve the flow conductivity in coal seam, if conventional coal-seam gas straight well is not difficult to obtain production capacity by fracturing reform.
Because coalbed methane reservoir has the characteristics such as low hole, hypotonic, vulnerable to pollution, so need the reduce fracturing liquid to the pollution in coal seam during pressure break.Because the low input of coal-bed gas exploitation exploitation, low output, just require fracturing liquid must low, the easy enforcement of cost, injury is little, it is good to take the grittiness energy, could in CBM Fracturing, be promoted on a large scale.
Although the active water fracturing liquid that uses at present is little to the coal seam injury, it takes grittiness can be relatively poor; Although guanidine gum fracturing fluid is taken grittiness can be good, it is high to the injury of reservoir; Although and the clean fracturing fluid that generally uses in the oil-gas field fracturing has low injury, takes grittiness and can wait well characteristics, its cost is high, at 1000 yuan/m
3More than, these all can't satisfy the needs of coal bed gas well pressure break.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, its purpose is to provide a kind of pressure break low-cost water-based clean fracturing liquid, this pressure break can be good at solving fracturing liquid to the pollution problem in coal seam with the low-cost water-based clean fracturing liquid, greatly improved simultaneously the of the fracturing fluid grittiness energy of taking, its price only is the of the fracturing fluid 1.5-2.0 of active water times, far below guanidine gum fracturing fluid and common clean fracturing fluid.Cost is low, injury is little because it has, take the characteristics such as sand is good, is easier to promote in the coalbed methane reservoir pressure break.
In the coal bed gas well pressure break, fracturing liquid contacts the permeability reduction that causes with the coal seam, generally be blocked by the hugger of matrix of coal and liquid adsorption causes, the hydration swelling in coal seam and the reaction of other adverse chemical also are the reasons that causes reservoir permeability to reduce in addition.But stop up and be adsorbed as the master from the main component analysis of injury, therefore require fracturing liquid to have less absorption property, small molecules (molecular weight control is in 400) as characteristics not form filter cake, residue and main additive.For avoiding the poor shortcoming of active water fracturing liquid prop-carrying capacity, novel fracturing liquid must have certain viscosity, to improve the fracturing liquid prop-carrying capacity.
Can satisfy without filter cake, low residue, micromolecularly have simultaneously the fracturing liquid host of necessarily taking sand viscosity, must rely on tensio-active agent to realize.Tensio-active agent has oleophylic, hydrophilic amphipathic, and molecule has unsymmetrical structure, and molecular formula is as follows:
After it was water-soluble, hydrophilic group was subject to the attraction of water molecules, and hydrophobic group (oleophilic group) is subject to the repulsion of water molecules.In order to overcome this unsteady state, will take unique aligning, and form certain weave construction (the simple micella of Fig. 1 a), mainly present linearly vermiculate glues form, its length can reach more than the 1000nm; When the concentration of tensio-active agent increased, vermiculate glues was more tiny and show intermeshing state (Fig. 1 b vermiform glue); After adding organic salt, Organic counter-ion has obviously affected table live agent vermiculate glues and entanglement state thereof, and flocs unit structure (Fig. 1 c lytropic liquid crystals) appears in system, namely causes the formation of frozen glue body, thus improve liquid take the grittiness energy.The electron microscope photo scanning of tensio-active agent sees that the electron microscope photo scanning of Fig. 2, tensio-active agent+salt system sees Fig. 3.
The present invention prepares (concentration described in this specification sheets and % are mass percent) as follows:
A: the small cation expansion-resisting agent of 0.4 mass parts, the Organic Sodium Salt of 0.06 mass parts are joined in the water of 99.34 mass parts, be stirred to fully dissolving, the cats product that adds again 0.2 mass parts, be stirred to evenly, formation has the bright glue of clarification of certain viscosity, namely makes a kind of coal bed gas well pressure break with hanging down injury, high prop-carrying capacity water-based clean fracturing liquid.It is that the fracturing liquid prescription is: 0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent+0.06% Organic Sodium Salt+0.2% cats product, the concentration that is small cation expansion-resisting agent in the water-based clean fracturing liquid is 0.4%, the concentration of Organic Sodium Salt is 0.06%, the concentration of cats product is 0.2%, fracturing liquid that can be volume required according to above-mentioned formulated during field conduct.
B: can be according to the pressure break needs, cats product in the method A fracturing liquid prescription and the concentration of Organic Sodium Salt are amplified in proportion, guarantee cats product: Organic Sodium Salt=1: 0.3 (mass ratio), the maximum concentration of cats product can increase to 0.6%, the concentration of corresponding Organic Sodium Salt is 0.18%, namely prescription is: 0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent+0.06～0.18% Organic Sodium Salt+0.2～0.6% cats product, the concentration that is small cation expansion-resisting agent in the water-based clean fracturing liquid is 0.4%, the concentration of Organic Sodium Salt is 0.06～0.18%, and the concentration of cats product is 0.2～0.6%.The concentration of cats product and Organic Sodium Salt is higher in the prescription, and the of the fracturing fluid grittiness of taking of allotting can be better.
The clean fracturing fluid of joining according to the prescription among method A, the method B mainly is used as the sand-carrying agent that carries propping agent, also can in earlier stage make as pressure break the spearhead of seam.
C: the volume of breaking glue solution need to be determined according to the volume that pressure break adds propping agent.In cats product: the ratio (mass ratio) of nonionogenic tenside=1: 0.2 takes by weighing nonionogenic tenside, the nonionogenic tenside that takes by weighing is joined in the water with the propping agent equal volume of using in actual field, form the solution of clear, namely make the breaking glue solution of clean fracturing fluid.Breaking glue solution as makes clean fracturing fluid break glue, reduces its viscosity, the auxiliary liq of fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) rate after the raising pressure break, must prepare separately, accumulating, must not load in mixture, be mixed with clean fracturing fluid.
Organic Sodium Salt of the present invention is preferably sodium salicylate.Described cats product is preferably the mixture of any or they in 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.Described nonionogenic tenside is preferably Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, more preferably octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (being called for short OP-10).Described small cation expansion-resisting agent is the mixture of any or they in ten～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the mixture composite with Repone K, ammonium chloride, its main component is the mixture of any or they in ten～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, accounts for 80～90 quality % of small cation expansion-resisting agent total mass.
Characteristics of the present invention are: use 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to coagulate agent, select sodium salicylate as of the fracturing fluid linking agent as of the fracturing fluid master, both are used, compare with conventional clean fracturing fluid, their Efficient Adhesive Promotion is more obvious, glue connection degree is higher, only need lower concentration just can make the fracturing liquid of allotting reach higher concentration, thereby saved of the fracturing fluid cost.
Through indoor great many of experiments, produce, test in place low-cost clean fracturing fluid, this fracturing liquid has following features:
1, broken glue is thorough rapidly, and is little to reservoir damage without residue, a little more than the active water fracturing liquid;
2, taking grittiness can be good, and the prop-carrying capacity of 0.2% concentration formula is that active water is of the fracturing fluid more than 10 times;
3, the construction frictional resistance is low, and the frictional resistance of 0.2% concentration formula is active water of the fracturing fluid 40%;
4, cost is low, is the of the fracturing fluid 1.5-2.0 of active water times;
5, nontoxic free from environmental pollution, lower to field requirement, convenient, the labor strength reduction of constructing uses technique simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a represents simple micella; Fig. 1 b represents vermiform glue; Fig. 1 c represents lytropic liquid crystals.
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of tensio-active agent.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of " tensio-active agent+salt " system.
Embodiment
Following concentration is mass percent, and ratio is mass ratio.
Embodiment 1
With 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (namely adopting the mixture of any or they in 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), sodium salicylate, small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) is prepared by following concentration: 0.2% 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride+0.06% sodium salicylate+0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), the concentration that is 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride in the fracturing liquid is 0.2%, the concentration of sodium salicylate is 0.06%, the concentration of small cation expansion-resisting agent is 0.4%, be stirred to evenly, form the bright clean fracturing fluid of clarification with certain viscosity.
In 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride: the ratio of octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (being called for short OP-10)=1: 0.2 takes by weighing octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (being called for short OP-10), octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether that takes by weighing is joined in the water of the propping agent equal volume of using with actual field, form the gel breaker of clear.Press the order of spearhead, sand-carrying agent, displacing liquid, gel breaker during pressure break and inject, spearhead, sand-carrying agent, displacing liquid all use low-cost clean fracturing fluid, at 6.5m
3Under the discharge capacity of/min, average sand ratio can reach 20%.
Embodiment 2
Prescription by 0.3% 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (namely adopting one of 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)+0.09% sodium salicylate+0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) is allotted clean fracturing fluid.
The preparation of gel breaker and injection order cooperate the active water fracturing liquid to use with embodiment 1 during pressure break, namely spearhead uses active water fracturing liquid, sand-carrying agent to use clean fracturing fluid, at 6.5m
3Under the discharge capacity of/min, high sand ratio can reach more than 50%, and average sand is than more than 20%.
Embodiment 3
Prescription by 0.4-0.6% 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (namely adopting one of 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)+0.12-0.18% sodium salicylate+0.4% small cation expansion-resisting agent (main component is Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) is allotted clean fracturing fluid, wherein guarantees 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride: sodium salicylate=1: 0.3 (mass ratio).
The preparation of gel breaker and injection order cooperate the active water fracturing liquid to use with embodiment 1 during pressure break, namely spearhead uses active water fracturing liquid, sand-carrying agent to use clean fracturing fluid, at 4.5m
3Under the discharge capacity of/min, average sand ratio can reach 25%.
Low-cost clean fracturing fluid have frictional resistance low, make sew it up, leak-off is few, take grittiness can strong, broken glue thoroughly, press after easy characteristics such as the row of returning.Through experiment, small cation expansion-resisting agent wherein changes decyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into or one of undecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or 13～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride all can reach above-mentioned effect.
Embodiment 4
In the coal bed gas well crush test,, construction pressure break height long-pending little because of the real well scene, the active water fracturing liquid that water tank can store only enough adds 30m
3Propping agent uses the low-cost clean fracturing fluid of embodiment 2 preparations as sand-carrying agent, cooperates the active water fracturing liquid as spearhead, at 6.5m
3Under the discharge capacity of/min, finished 48.99m
3The sand amount that adds, high sand ratio reaches 51.94%, average sand is than 20.3%.Press rear discharge opeing smooth, see gas during discharge opeing, the igniting sustained combustion, respond well.
Embodiment 5
In the coal bed gas well crush test, use active water fracturing liquid pressure break twice, sand plug twice, twice total adds sand 5m
3Use the clean fracturing fluid of embodiment 2 preparations instead as sand-carrying agent, at operation pressure, the 4.5m of 44MPa
3Under the discharge capacity of/min, add propping agent 37.4m
3, finish smoothly construction.Press rear discharge opeing smooth, see gas during discharge opeing, the igniting sustained combustion, respond well.
In addition, the embodiment that the invention is not restricted to narrate previously can carry out without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention various distortion and implement.
Claims (2)
1. water blanket base clean fracturing fluid is characterized in that:
This fracturing liquid is made of small cation expansion-resisting agent, Organic Sodium Salt, cats product and water, the concentration of small cation expansion-resisting agent is 0.4 quality % in the fracturing liquid, the concentration of Organic Sodium Salt is 0.06～0.18 quality %, the concentration of cats product is 0.2～0.6 quality %, employed cats product: the mass ratio of Organic Sodium Salt=1: 0.3, described Organic Sodium Salt is sodium salicylate, and described cats product is the mixture of any or they in 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride;
Described small cation expansion-resisting agent is the mixture of any or they in ten～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the mixture composite with Repone K, ammonium chloride, and any in ten～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or their mixture account for 80～90 quality % of small cation expansion-resisting agent total mass.
2. the preparation method of a water blanket base clean fracturing fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the steps:
(1) the small cation expansion-resisting agent of 0.4 mass parts, the Organic Sodium Salt of 0.06～0.18 mass parts are added in the water of 99.34～98.82 mass parts, be stirred to fully dissolving, form the solution of clear;
(2) in step (1) gained solution, add 0.2～0.6 mass parts cats product, be stirred to evenly, formation has the bright glue of clarification of certain viscosity, it is the water-based clean fracturing liquid, the concentration of small cation expansion-resisting agent is 0.4 quality % in the fracturing liquid, the concentration of Organic Sodium Salt is 0.06～0.18 quality %, and the concentration of cats product is 0.2～0.6 quality %;
Wherein, described Organic Sodium Salt is sodium salicylate, and described cats product is the mixture of any or they in 16～octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, employed cats product: the mass ratio of Organic Sodium Salt=1: 0.3;
Described small cation expansion-resisting agent is the mixture of any or they in ten～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the mixture composite with Repone K, ammonium chloride, and any in ten～pentadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or their mixture account for 80～90 quality % of small cation expansion-resisting agent total mass.
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| CN114874761A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2022-08-09 | 陕西友邦石油工程技术有限公司 | Small-molecule recyclable fracturing fluid and use method thereof |
| CN108266171A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method that transformation volume increase is repeated based on complex fracture network |
| CN108467721A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature clean fracturing fluid and its preparation method and application |
| CN108678723B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-08-18 | 大港油田集团有限责任公司 | Fracturing modification method for shale oil reservoir of closed lake basin |
| CN111876141B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2023-04-07 | 山东科技大学 | Clean fracturing fluid, preparation method and application of clean fracturing fluid in coal seam water injection |
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