CN101693560A - Integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device - Google Patents

Integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101693560A
CN101693560A CN200910066213A CN200910066213A CN101693560A CN 101693560 A CN101693560 A CN 101693560A CN 200910066213 A CN200910066213 A CN 200910066213A CN 200910066213 A CN200910066213 A CN 200910066213A CN 101693560 A CN101693560 A CN 101693560A
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solar energy
water
electrode
treatment device
photoelectricity
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CN101693560B (en
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李国亭
郭宇杰
李发站
吴本来
王海荣
赵旭
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device comprising an electrode couple or an three-dimensional electrode as well as an electrolytic bath, a storage battery, solar energy battery components and corresponding controllers and an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the electrode couple or the three-dimensional electrode is loaded with photocatalytic materials; the ultraviolet lamp is used for illuminating a photoelectrode; the solar energy battery components convert the received solar light energy to electric energy which is then transmitted and stored in the storage battery so as to supply power for the ultraviolet lamp and/or the electrode couple intermittently or continuously. The invention integrates an optical chemical oxidation process and an electric chemical oxidation process which both generate enhancement and synergetic effects for improving the water treatment efficiency, or the functions of the optical chemical oxidation process and the electric chemical oxidation process can be independently exerted to realize water purification; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, safe and simple operation, easy realization of automation and safe maintenance, driving the entire water treatment process by wholly or partly utilizing the electric energy converted from the solar energy, solving the problem of high dependence on energy sources in a photoelectrocatalytic water treatment process and being capable of not depending on the traditional power grid in service.

Description

Integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device
Technical field
The present invention relates to sewage treatment area, relate in particular to a kind of incorporate solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device.
Background technology
Along with the development of wastewater processing technology and perfect, the organic waste water that composition is simple, biological degradability is good can be controlled effectively, and wherein biological process is to eliminate in life and the trade effluent most economical, the effective means of organic pollutant at present.Yet along with developing rapidly of petrochemical complex, medicine, agricultural chemicals and fuel industry, the quantity of biodegradable organic compounds and kind grow with each passing day in the trade effluent, the aromatics that particularly contains high density, belong to (three cause) material etc. as phenols, toxicity is very big, is difficult to direct removal with general biodegradation method.And country is more and more higher to the limitation standard of pollutant emission on the other hand, therefore presses for research wastewater treatment novel method and new technology.
Development in recent years some oxidation technologies, as chemical oxidization method, photochemical oxidation method, catalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation process etc.Water treatment electrochemical oxidation technology and photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization technology all belong to high-level oxidation technology (Advanced Oxidation Processes, AOPs), can produce strong oxidizers such as hydroxyl radical free radical, hydrogen peroxide and ozone, not only can sterilization and disinfection, and can realize the quick degraded of organic pollutant even thorough mineralising.High-level oxidation technology especially electrochemistry and photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization technology is different from bioremediation, and they easily are automated, and is convenient to operation, is water treatment and the water purification technology that direct application prospect is typically arranged.Because it is good effectively to handle difficult for biological degradation organic waste water, easy realization automatization easy and simple to handle, environment compatibility, so electrochemical oxidation technology is the important development direction of present electrochemistry wastewater processing technology.Yet, for electrochemical oxidation process, in the degradation process of organic pollutant, easily produce the accumulation of quinones substance, and the ring-opening reaction of quinones substance and aromatic substance is a reactions steps the slowest in the series reaction, and the toxicity of quinones substance may be stronger than the toxicity of original organic pollutant simultaneously.On this point, improve the oxidation efficiency of electrochemical oxidation process, it is the task of top priority that quinones substance is removed fast.In addition, the electric energy that the energy of supporting electrochemical oxidation process and ultraviolet radiation to produce is generally carried from electrical network, this just makes electrochemical oxidation technology and photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization The Application of Technology be subjected to certain restriction.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of optoelectronic integration water treatment device of Driven by Solar Energy, it can utilize the electric energy of conversion of solar energy to drive electrochemical oxidation process, photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization process and ultraviolet radiation system whole or in part, uses the former water or the full-automatic sterilization and disinfection of waste water and the degraded and the removal of organic-inorganic pollutent that realize contaminated water quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme,
A kind of integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device comprises:
At least one group of solar module and corresponding current controller;
At least one group storage battery group;
The optoelectronic pole of at least one group of correspondence (anode) and counter electrode (negative electrode) or three-diemsnional electrode;
At least one ultra-violet lamp;
At least one electrolyzer;
Described optoelectronic pole and counter electrode are arranged in the electrolyzer accordingly, and this electrolyzer is provided with water-in and water outlet, described photoelectricity very UV-light or/and the visible light catalysis activity optoelectronic pole; Described ultraviolet lamp is used for the irradiates light electrode; Secondary battery is carried, is stored in to described solar module after the solar energy that receives is converted into electric energy, and this secondary battery intermittently or be that ultraviolet lamp and/or electrode pair are powered continuously.
In apparatus of the present invention with photochemical catalysis and electrochemistry coupling, mainly be by immobilization technology semiconductor light-catalyst to be loaded on to make optoelectronic pole on the conducting base, solar module produces electric energy, (effect of controller is a control whole system operation state, and store battery is played the effect of additives for overcharge protection, over via controller; In the bigger place of the temperature difference, qualified controller also should possess the function of temperature compensation; Other additional functions such as photoswitch, time switch all should be the options of controller; ) and the secondary battery power distribution of allocating day night, drive electrode generation electrochemical oxidation process also is applied on the big as far as possible electrode surface photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization process that produces with ultraviolet radiation, simultaneously the HO free radical that the oxidisability that produces of photoelectrocatalysis is very strong degradable organic pollutant and kill bacteria virus rapidly.
The anode material that is applicable to the electrochemical oxidation processing of hardly degraded organic substance generally need satisfy good conductivity, electric energy loss is less; Good stability, acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting; Can bear certain temperature; Absorption property is better; Conditions such as electro catalytic activity height.
Described photoelectricity very load has DSA, the PbO of photocatalyst material 2, SnO 2, Sb 2O 3, RuO 2, WO 3, TiO 2, IrO 2, Bi 2O 3Electrode, or be the combined electrode of above-mentioned metal oxide.
Load photocatalyst material (electrode modification) on electrode can be undertaken by method chemistry, physicochemical.On electrode surface, cause certain microstructure, give the electrode intended function, can on electrode, carry out desired reaction selectively, thereby realize the functional design of electrode.This process can significantly reduce catalyst levels, improves catalytic efficiency.The method that counter electrode is modified can be divided into following several: physical method such as the method for plating, electroless plating or compound plating, pyrolysated method, ion implantation, spraying.Plating is under the galvanic effect, and modifier is deposited on electrode surface.By controlling suitable plating condition,, can access than the base electrode metal alloy coating of high catalytic activity more as the prescription of pH value, current density, temperature and electroplate liquid.Electroless plating is not have extrinsic current to pass through, utilize reductive agent with the metal ion reduce deposition in the plating bath at electrode surface, make it to form metal plating; Electroless plating is just needing complicated electrolyzer, and advantage such as it is even to have coating, and solidity to corrosion is good, and compound plating is to be deposited on the adorned electrode with being risen by metallizing being insoluble to the solia particle of plating bath on a small quantity, thereby formation has the composite deposite of particular function; Thermal decomposition method is that adorned electrode surface applies the certain density metal salt solution of one deck, heating under given conditions then is decomposed into metal salt solution can to belong to that oxide compound or metallic sulfide etc. are attached to electrode surface and as the catalytic active substance modified electrode; Have its distinctive advantage with the physical method modified electrode, even as decorative layer thickness, good with the carrier bonding force, usually be not subjected to by the restriction of modifier kind etc.
In described solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device, be provided with external power interface to electrode pair and/or ultraviolet lamp power supply; When the solar cell energy shortage, can be exchanged into line powering, realize light-electricity complementary, under any weather condition, guarantee the electrolyzer works better.
Described photoelectricity is very netted, in the sheet, bulk, wire, tubular any one.
In order to improve electrode specific surface area, can make electrode multiple shapes such as vesicular, netted, spherical, ring-type, also can adopt 3 D electrode reactor, three-diemsnional electrode is to load granular or other fragmental working electrode material between the conventional two-dimensional electrode, and the electrode material surface that makes filling is charged and improve to form, three-diemsnional electrode has very big specific surface area, can provide bigger strength of current with lower current density, can be used to handle effluent containing heavy metal ions.
Described counter electrode is corresponding with optoelectronic pole to be arranged in parallel or the concentric setting, and between the two apart from being 10~200mm, described counter electrode is made by in stainless steel, carbon fiber, graphite, nickel, titanium, iron, the aluminium any one.
The operating voltage of described electrode pair is 0<~20V, current density is 0<~30mA/cm 2
Described ultraviolet lamp present position can make its UV-light vertical irradiation that sends on optoelectronic pole, so that optoelectronic pole obtains maximum illuminance.
Described electrolyzer is rectangular-shaped or tubular.
When described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device moves, with processed former water or waste water with intermittently or continuously, the round-robin mode imports in the electrolyzer, can in processed waste water or former water, add conducting medium when needing, strengthen the electroconductibility of solution, can realize the automated operation of former water or wastewater treatment.Flow depth generally is controlled in the 50cm, flow width is the scope that UV-light that ultraviolet lamp sends can be shone, the electrolyzer projection of shape should adopt squared design, can be arranged to the inclined plane shape of certain slope in case of necessity, electrode and UV-light can also be designed to the coaxial circles tubular.
Described electrolyzer is an opened type, can make optoelectronic pole receive sunlight.
Sunlight is a kind of inexhaustible, nexhaustible energy, has 4~6% luminous energy to excite catalyzer in the sunlight, for open-air reaction tank system, can make sunlight directly shine reaction tank, and its UV-light partly can be used as the photochemical catalysis light source and directly utilized.Solar photoelectric cell system in the simultaneity factor is that electric energy is powered for being installed in electrolyzer medium ultraviolet lamp with conversion of solar energy, forms the second photochemical catalysis light source.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. this device has been integrated photochemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation process, can either produce reinforcement, synergy, and the raising water treatment efficiency can be brought into play photochemical oxidation separately again or electrochemical oxidation process must act on the realization purification of water quality.The contriver is an optoelectronic pole with commercialization DSA electrode, with 1, the 4-benzoquinones is that model pollutant has been carried out photoelectric catalysis degrading, the result shows, the TOC clearance of photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization process is independent photochemical catalytic oxidation and catalytic oxidation process sum 1.25 times, the photoelectric catalysis degrading process has higher degradation efficiency, proves that the coupling of photochemical catalytic oxidation and catalytic oxidation process has produced certain synergy; Act as leading light with electrochemical oxidation and help the catalytic oxidation process efficiently to produce hydroxyl radical free radical, degradation efficiency is adjustable, has practical value in water treatment.
2. simple in structure, low cost of manufacture, operational safety is simple, easily be automated and security maintenance, can utilize the electric energy of conversion of solar energy to drive whole water treatment procedure whole or in part, solved the problem of photoelectrocatalysis water treatment procedure, in servicely can not rely on existing electrical network can source height relying on.
3. apparatus of the present invention energy efficiency height, the reaction conditions gentleness generally can be carried out at normal temperatures and pressures.
4. be applicable to the follow-up advanced treatment of the pollutent poisonous, that biology is difficult to degrade, sewage etc.
5. using clean energy sun power, can handle multiple organic and inorganic pollutant simultaneously, and reach the effect of sterilization and disinfection, is a kind of water technology and device of environmental protection.If all or part of use sun power drives electrochemical oxidation process, photoelectrocatalysioxidization oxidization process and ultraviolet radiation, purification of water quality and sterilization and disinfection will become and not be subjected to the restriction of region and time so, not only be easy to realize automatization fully, and become more convenient, economical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of incorporate solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device, referring to Fig. 1, comprise one group of solar module (8W) 2 and corresponding controller 3 (power supply Co., Ltd), the optoelectronic pole 5 of a group storage battery group 4, one group of correspondence and counter electrode 6, ultra-violet lamp 7, a rectangular-shaped electrolyzer 9; Optoelectronic pole 5 and counter electrode 6 are arranged in the electrolyzer 9 accordingly, and optoelectronic pole 5 is positioned at the top of counter electrode 6, the two spacing 20cm, this electrolyzer 9 is provided with water-in 10 and water outlet 11, photoelectricity very UV-light or/and the visible light catalysis activity optoelectronic pole; Described ultraviolet lamp 7 is used for irradiates light electrode 5, provides uv-radiation to optoelectronic pole 5 and pending former water or waste water 8; Secondary battery 4 is carried, is stored in to described solar module 2 after the solar energy 1 that receives is converted into electric energy, and this secondary battery 4 intermittently or be that ultraviolet lamp and/or electrode pair are powered continuously.
Utilize above-mentioned treatment unit Direct Electrochemistry oxide treatment Acid Orange II (azoic dyestuff) simulated wastewater under the indoor weak light condition, the solar module 2 of commodity in useization, optoelectronic pole 5 is the DSA electrode, with the titanium net is counter electrode 6, do not open ultraviolet lamp 7, starting point concentration 10mg/L, sodium chloride concentration are 0.1mol/L, pH6.8, chroma removal rate reach 2.1%, 10.9% and 24.7% respectively when the reaction times is 5min, 30min and 60min.
Embodiment 2 utilizes integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device described in the embodiment 1 at outdoor solar light irradiation (on September 15th, 2009 11:00 to 13:00, Zhengzhou, 113.42 ° of east longitudes, 34.48 ° of north latitude) Direct Electrochemistry oxide treatment Acid Orange II (azoic dyestuff) simulated wastewater under the condition, commodity in use solar module (8W), with commercialization DSA electrode is working electrode, with the titanium net is counter electrode, starting point concentration 10mg/L, sodium chloride concentration is 0.1mol/L, pH6.8, chroma removal rate has reached 100% when the reaction times is 5min.
Embodiment 3 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, utilize this device at outdoor solar light irradiation (on September 15th, 2009 11:00 to 13:00, Zhengzhou) Direct Electrochemistry oxide treatment Acid Orange II (azoic dyestuff) simulated wastewater commodity in use solar module (8W) under the condition, with commercialization DSA electrode is working electrode, with the titanium net is counter electrode, starting point concentration 10mg/L, do not add ionogen such as sodium-chlor, pH 6.8, and chroma removal rate is 5min in the reaction times, reach 22.1% respectively when 30min and 60min, 74.1% and 91.8%.
Embodiment 4 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, utilize this device at outdoor solar light irradiation (on September 15th, 2009 11:00 to 13:00, Zhengzhou) Direct Electrochemistry oxide treatment Acid Orange II (azoic dyestuff) simulated wastewater under the condition, commodity in use solar module (8W), with commercialization DSA electrode is working electrode, with the titanium net is counter electrode, open ultraviolet lamp, starting point concentration 10mg/L, do not add ionogen such as sodium-chlor, pH6.8, chroma removal rate has reached 100% when the reaction times is 5min.
Embodiment 5 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, utilize this device to get life drinking original water, add infected water and are made into pending former water, and total plate count is 6 * 10 before handling 7Individual/mL, use and handle as the condition of embodiment 4, treatment time 60min, total plate count becomes 0.
Embodiment 6 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: used photoelectricity is TiO very 2Electrode, described electrode is made by carbon fiber.
Embodiment 7 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: load granular or other fragmental working electrode material between two electrodes, form three-diemsnional electrode.
Embodiment 8 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: be provided with two groups of solar battery group; Be cascaded before and after two electrolyzers, be provided with corresponding electrode and ultraviolet lamp in each electrolyzer.
Embodiment 9 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment devices are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: electrolyzer, electrode are the coaxial circles tubular, and optoelectronic pole is in the outside, and counter electrode is in the inboard.

Claims (10)

1. integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device is characterized in that it comprises:
At least one group of solar module and corresponding controller;
At least one group storage battery group;
The optoelectronic pole of at least one group of correspondence and counter electrode or three-diemsnional electrode;
At least one ultra-violet lamp;
At least one electrolyzer;
Described optoelectronic pole and counter electrode are arranged in the electrolyzer accordingly, and this electrolyzer is provided with water-in and water outlet, described photoelectricity very UV-light or/and the visible light catalysis activity optoelectronic pole; Described ultraviolet lamp is used for the irradiates light electrode; Secondary battery is carried, is stored in to described solar module after the solar energy that receives is converted into electric energy, and this secondary battery intermittently or be that ultraviolet lamp and/or electrode pair are powered continuously.
2. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described photoelectricity very load has DSA, the PbO of photocatalyst material 2, SnO 2, Sb 2O 3, RuO 2, WO 3, TiO 2, IrO 2, Bi 2O 3Electrode, or be the combined electrode of above-mentioned metal oxide.
3. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 2, it is characterized in that described photoelectricity is very netted, in the sheet, bulk, wire, tubular any one.
4. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device, be provided with external power interface to electrode pair and/or ultraviolet lamp power supply.
5. according to any described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim of claim 1~4, it is characterized in that, described counter electrode is corresponding with optoelectronic pole to be arranged in parallel or the concentric setting, between the two apart from being 10~200mm, described counter electrode is made by in stainless steel, carbon fiber, graphite, nickel, titanium, iron, the aluminium any one.
6. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 5, it is characterized in that, the operating voltage of described electrode pair is 0<~20V, current density is 0<~30mA/cm 2
7. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 6, it is characterized in that described ultraviolet lamp present position can make its UV-light vertical irradiation that sends on optoelectronic pole, so that optoelectronic pole obtains maximum illuminance.
8. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 7, it is characterized in that described electrolyzer is rectangular-shaped or tubular.
9. described according to Claim 8 integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device, it is characterized in that, when described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device moves, with processed former water or waste water with intermittently or continuously, the round-robin mode imports in the electrolyzer, can in processed waste water or former water, add conducting medium when needing, strengthen the electroconductibility of solution.
10. according to the described integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device of claim 9, it is characterized in that described electrolyzer is an opened type, can make optoelectronic pole receive sunlight.
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